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Domestication of captive-bred masu salmon Oncorhynchus masou masou (Salmonidae) leads to a significant decrease in numbers of lateral line organs.

ABSTRACT: Because captive-bred animals gradually adapt to artificial rearing environments due to evolving life history traits, such individuals sometimes show lessened performance in natural environments. The lateral line system, one of the principal sensory organs of fishes, varies according to habitat environments, sometimes differing even within the same species. A reduction in lateral line elements may also occur in successive generations of captive-bred fish. Such a reduction, involving neuromasts over the entire body, was examined for the first time in captive-bred masu salmon Oncorhynchus masou masou. The total number of neuromasts in captive-bred fish was ca. 10% lower than in wild-caught and F1 fishes, suggesting that the system in captive-bred fish had reduced in number due to domestication. Furthermore, differences in total neuromast numbers between captive-bred and wild fish were greater than between anadromous and fluvial populations of the species. The lower number of neuromasts could be one of the reasons behind the lower survival of captive-bred fish in natural environments.

SUBMITTER: Nakae M

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9537280 | biostudies-literature | 2022 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Domestication of captive-bred masu salmon Oncorhynchus masou masou (Salmonidae) leads to a significant decrease in numbers of lateral line organs.

Nakae Masanori M Hasegawa Koh K Miyamoto Kouta K

Scientific reports 20221006 1

Because captive-bred animals gradually adapt to artificial rearing environments due to evolving life history traits, such individuals sometimes show lessened performance in natural environments. The lateral line system, one of the principal sensory organs of fishes, varies according to habitat environments, sometimes differing even within the same species. A reduction in lateral line elements may also occur in successive generations of captive-bred fish. Such a reduction, involving neuromasts ov ...[more]

PMID: 36202921

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Project description:Ventricular diastolic mechanical properties are important determinants of cardiac function and are optimized by changes in cardiac structure and physical properties. Oncorhynchus masou masou is an anadromous migratory fish of the Salmonidae family, and several ecological studies on it have been conducted; however, the cardiac functions of the fish are not well known. Therefore, we investigated ventricular diastolic function in landlocked (masu salmon) and sea-run (cherry salmon) types at 29-30 months post fertilization. Pulsed-wave Doppler echocardiography showed that the atrioventricular inflow waveforms of cherry salmon were biphasic with early diastolic filling and atrial contraction, whereas those of masu salmon were monophasic with atrial contraction. In addition, end-diastolic pressure-volume relationship analysis revealed that the dilatability per unit myocardial mass of the ventricle in cherry salmon was significantly suppressed compared to that in masu salmon, suggesting that the ventricle of the cherry salmon was relatively stiffer (relative ventricular stiffness index; p = 0.0263). Contrastingly, the extensibility of cardiomyocytes, characterized by the expression pattern of Connectin isoforms in their ventricles, was similar in both types. Histological analysis showed that the percentage of the collagen accumulation area in the compact layer of cherry salmon increased compared with that of the masu salmon, which may contribute to ventricle stiffness. Although the heart mass of cherry salmon was about 11-fold greater than that of masu salmon, there was no difference in the morphology of the isolated cardiomyocytes, suggesting that the heart of the cherry salmon grows by cardiomyocyte proliferation, but not cell hypertrophy. The cardiac physiological function of the teleosts varies with differences in their developmental processes and life history. Our multidimensional analysis of the O. masou heart may provide a clue to the process by which the heart acquires a biphasic blood-filling pattern, i.e., a ventricular diastolic suction.

Project description:Fish are a convenient model for the study of reparative and post-traumatic processes of central nervous system (CNS) recovery, because the formation of new cells in their CNS continues throughout life. After a traumatic injury to the cerebellum of juvenile masu salmon, Oncorhynchus masou, the cell composition of the neurogenic zones containing neural stem cells (NSCs)/neural progenitor cells (NPCs) in the acute period (two days post-injury) changes. The presence of neuroepithelial (NE) and radial glial (RG) neuronal precursors located in the dorsal, lateral, and basal zones of the cerebellar body was shown by the immunohistochemical (IHC) labeling of glutamine synthetase (GS). Progenitors of both types are sources of neurons in the cerebellum of juvenile O. masou during constitutive growth, thus, playing an important role in CNS homeostasis and neuronal plasticity during ontogenesis. Precursors with the RG phenotype were found in the same regions of the molecular layer as part of heterogeneous constitutive neurogenic niches. The presence of neuroepithelial and radial glia GS+ cells indicates a certain proportion of embryonic and adult progenitors and, obviously, different contributions of these cells to constitutive and reparative neurogenesis in the acute post-traumatic period. Expression of nestin and vimentin was revealed in neuroepithelial cerebellar progenitors of juvenile O. masou. Patterns of granular expression of these markers were found in neurogenic niches and adjacent areas, which probably indicates the neurotrophic and proneurogenic effects of vimentin and nestin in constitutive and post-traumatic neurogenesis and a high level of constructive metabolism. No expression of vimentin and nestin was detected in the cerebellar RG of juvenile O. masou. Thus, the molecular markers of NSCs/NPCs in the cerebellum of juvenile O. masou are as follows: vimentin, nestin, and glutamine synthetase label NE cells in intact animals and in the post-traumatic period, while GS expression is present in the RG of intact animals and decreases in the acute post-traumatic period. A study of distribution of cystathionine β-synthase (CBS) in the cerebellum of intact young O. masou showed the expression of the marker mainly in type 1 cells, corresponding to NSCs/NCPs for other molecular markers. In the post-traumatic period, the number of CBS+ cells sharply increased, which indicates the involvement of H2S in the post-traumatic response. Induction of CBS in type 3 cells indicates the involvement of H2S in the metabolism of extracellular glutamate in the cerebellum, a decrease in the production of reactive oxygen species, and also arrest of the oxidative stress development, a weakening of the toxic effects of glutamate, and a reduction in excitotoxicity. The obtained results allow us to consider H2S as a biologically active substance, the numerous known effects of which can be supplemented by participation in the processes of constitutive neurogenesis and neuronal regeneration.

Project description:Stocking hatchery fish can lead to disturbance and extinction of the local indigenous population. Masu salmon Oncorhynchus masou masou, which is endemic across Japan, is a commonly stocked fish for recreational fishing in Japan. To conserve the indigenous resource, their genetic information is required, however, especially on Kyushu Island, the paucity of genetic information for this species has hindered proper resource management. Here, to identify hatchery mitogenome haplotypes of this species, stocked in the Kase River system, Kyushu Island, Japan, and to provide mitogenomic information for the resource management of this species, we analyzed the whole-mitogenome of masu salmon in this river system and several hatcheries potentially used for stocking. Whole-mitogenome sequencing clearly identified hatchery haplotypes, like fingerprints: among the 21 whole-mitogenome haplotypes obtained, six were determined to be hatchery haplotypes. These hatchery haplotypes were distributed in 13 out of 17 sites, suggesting that informal stocking of O. m. masou has been performed widely across this river system. The population of no hatchery haplotypes mainly belonged to clade I, a clade not found in Hokkaido Island in previous studies. Sites without hatchery haplotypes, and the non-hatchery haplotypes in clade I might be candidates for conservation as putative indigenous resources. The whole-mitogenome haplotype analysis also clarified that the same reared strain was used in multiple hatcheries. Analysis of molecular variance suggested that stocked hatchery haplotypes reduce the genetic variation among populations in this river system. It will be necessary to pay attention to genetic fluctuations so that the resources of this river system will not deteriorate further. The single nucleotide polymorphism data obtained here could be used for resource management in this and other rivers: e.g., for monitoring of informal stocking and stocked hatchery fishes, and/or putative indigenous resources.

Dataset Information

Domestication of captive-bred masu salmon Oncorhynchus masou masou (Salmonidae) leads to a significant decrease in numbers of lateral line organs.

Publications

Domestication of captive-bred masu salmon Oncorhynchus masou masou (Salmonidae) leads to a significant decrease in numbers of lateral line organs.

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