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Nose-to-Brain: The Next Step for Stem Cell and Biomaterial Therapy in Neurological Disorders.

ABSTRACT: Neurological disorders are a leading cause of morbidity worldwide, giving rise to a growing need to develop treatments to revert their symptoms. This review highlights the great potential of recent advances in cell therapy for the treatment of neurological disorders. Through the administration of pluripotent or stem cells, this novel therapy may promote neuroprotection, neuroplasticity, and neuroregeneration in lesion areas. The review also addresses the administration of these therapeutic molecules by the intranasal route, a promising, non-conventional route that allows for direct access to the central nervous system without crossing the blood-brain barrier, avoiding potential adverse reactions and enabling the administration of large quantities of therapeutic molecules to the brain. Finally, we focus on the need to use biomaterials, which play an important role as nutrient carriers, scaffolds, and immune modulators in the administration of non-autologous cells. Little research has been conducted into the integration of biomaterials alongside intranasally administered cell therapy, a highly promising approach for the treatment of neurological disorders.

SUBMITTER: Villar-Gomez N

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9564248 | biostudies-literature | 2022 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Nose-to-Brain: The Next Step for Stem Cell and Biomaterial Therapy in Neurological Disorders.

Villar-Gómez Natalia N Ojeda-Hernandez Doddy Denise DD López-Muguruza Eneritz E García-Flores Silvia S Bonel-García Natalia N Benito-Martín María Soledad MS Selma-Calvo Belen B Canales-Aguirre Alejandro Arturo AA Mateos-Díaz Juan Carlos JC Montero-Escribano Paloma P Matias-Guiu Jordi A JA Matías-Guiu Jorge J Gómez-Pinedo Ulises U

Cells 20221001 19

Neurological disorders are a leading cause of morbidity worldwide, giving rise to a growing need to develop treatments to revert their symptoms. This review highlights the great potential of recent advances in cell therapy for the treatment of neurological disorders. Through the administration of pluripotent or stem cells, this novel therapy may promote neuroprotection, neuroplasticity, and neuroregeneration in lesion areas. The review also addresses the administration of these therapeutic molec ...[more]

PMID: 36231058

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Project description:Articular cartilage damage remains a tough challenge for clinicians. Stem cells have emerged promising biologics in regenerative medicine. Previous research has widely demonstrated that adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) can promote cartilage repair due to their multipotency. However, enzymatic isolation and monolayer expansion of ADSCs decrease their differentiation potential and limit their clinical application. Here, a novel adipose tissue-derived product, extracellular matrix/stromal vascular fraction gel (ECM/SVF-gel), was obtained by simple mechanical shifting and centrifugation to separate the fat oil and concentrate the effective constituents. This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effect of this natural biomaterial on the repair of articular cartilage defects. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the fibrous structure in the ECM/SVF-gel was preserved. ADSCs sprouted from the ECM/SVF-gel were characterized by their ability of differentiation into chondrocytes, osteoblasts, and adipocytes. In a rabbit model, critical-sized cartilage defects (diameter, 4 mm; depth, 1.5 mm) were created and treated with microfracture (MF) or a combination of autologous ECM/SVF-gel injection. The knee joints were evaluated at 6 and 12 weeks through magnetic resonance imaging, macroscopic observation, histology, and immunohistochemistry. The International Cartilage Repair Society score and histological score were significantly higher in the ECM/SVF-gel group than those in the MF-treated group. The ECM/SVF-gel distinctly improved cartilage regeneration, integration with surrounding normal cartilage, and the expression of hyaline cartilage marker, type II collagen, in comparison with the MF treatment alone. Overall, the ready-to-use ECM/SVF-gel is a promising therapeutic strategy to facilitate articular cartilage regeneration. Moreover, due to the simple, time-sparing, cost-effective, enzyme-free, and minimally invasive preparation process, this gel provides a valuable alternative to stem cell-based therapy for clinical translation.

Project description:AbstractThe severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 has led to the worldwide pandemic named coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). It has caused a significant increase in the number of cases and mortalities since its first diagnosis in December 2019. Although COVID-19 primarily affects the respiratory system, neurological involvement of the central and peripheral nervous system has been also reported. Herein, the higher risk of neurodegenerative diseases in COVID-19 patients in future is also imaginable. Neurological complications of COVID-19 infection are more commonly seen in severely ill individuals; but, earlier diagnosis and treatment can lead to better long-lasting results. In this respect, stem cell biotechnologies with considerable self-renewal and differentiation capacities have experienced great progress in the field of neurological disorders whether in finding out their underlying processes or proving them promising therapeutic approaches. Herein, many neurological disorders have been found to benefit from stem cell medicine strategies. Accordingly, in the present review, the authors are trying to discuss stem cell-based biotechnologies as promising therapeutic options for neurological disorders secondary to COVID-19 infection through reviewing neurological manifestations of COVID-19 and current stem cell-based biotechnologies for neurological disorders.Lay summaryDue to the substantial burden of neurological disorders in the health, economic, and social system of society, the emergence of neurological manifestations following COVID-19 (as a life-threatening pandemic) creates the need to use efficient and modern methods of treatment. Since stem cell-based methods have been efficient for a large number of neurological diseases, it seems that the use of mentioned methods is also effective in the process of improving neurological disorders caused by COVID-19. Hereupon, the current review aims to address stem cell-based approaches as treatments showing promise to neurological disorders related to COVID-19.

Dataset Information

Nose-to-Brain: The Next Step for Stem Cell and Biomaterial Therapy in Neurological Disorders.

Publications

Nose-to-Brain: The Next Step for Stem Cell and Biomaterial Therapy in Neurological Disorders.

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