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Spatially controlled, bipolar, cortical stimulation with high-capacitance, mechanically flexible subdural surface microelectrode arrays.

ABSTRACT: Most neuromodulation approaches rely on extracellular electrical stimulation with penetrating electrodes at the cost of cortical damage. Surface electrodes, in contrast, are much less invasive but are challenged by the lack of proximity to axonal processes, leading to poor resolution. Here, we demonstrate that high-density (40-μm pitch), high-capacitance (>1 nF), single neuronal resolution PEDOT:PSS electrodes can be programmed to shape the charge injection front selectively at depths approaching 300 micrometers with a lateral resolution better than 100 micrometers. These electrodes, patterned on thin-film parylene substrate, can be subdurally implanted and adhere to the pial surface in chronic settings. By leveraging surface arrays that are optically transparent with PEDOT:PSS local interconnects and integrated with depth electrodes, we are able to combine surface stimulation and recording with calcium imaging and depth recording to demonstrate these spatial limits of bidirectional communication with pyramidal neurons in mouse visual cortex both laterally and at depth from the surface.

SUBMITTER: Uguz I

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9581492 | biostudies-literature | 2022 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Spatially controlled, bipolar, cortical stimulation with high-capacitance, mechanically flexible subdural surface microelectrode arrays.

Uguz Ilke I Shepard Kenneth L KL

Science advances 20221019 42

Most neuromodulation approaches rely on extracellular electrical stimulation with penetrating electrodes at the cost of cortical damage. Surface electrodes, in contrast, are much less invasive but are challenged by the lack of proximity to axonal processes, leading to poor resolution. Here, we demonstrate that high-density (40-μm pitch), high-capacitance (>1 nF), single neuronal resolution PEDOT:PSS electrodes can be programmed to shape the charge injection front selectively at depths approachin ...[more]

PMID: 36260686

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Project description:High-density microelectrode arrays can be used to record extracellular action potentials from hundreds to thousands of neurons simultaneously. Efficient spike sorters must be developed to cope with such large data volumes. Most existing spike sorting methods for single electrodes or small multielectrodes, however, suffer from the "curse of dimensionality" and cannot be directly applied to recordings with hundreds of electrodes. This holds particularly true for the standard reference spike sorting algorithm, principal component analysis-based feature extraction, followed by k-means or expectation maximization clustering, against which most spike sorters are evaluated. We present a spike sorting algorithm that circumvents the dimensionality problem by sorting local groups of electrodes independently with classical spike sorting approaches. It is scalable to any number of recording electrodes and well suited for parallel computing. The combination of data prewhitening before the principal component analysis-based extraction and a parameter-free clustering algorithm obviated the need for parameter adjustments. We evaluated its performance using surrogate data in which we systematically varied spike amplitudes and spike rates and that were generated by inserting template spikes into the voltage traces of real recordings. In a direct comparison, our algorithm could compete with existing state-of-the-art spike sorters in terms of sensitivity and precision, while parameter adjustment or manual cluster curation was not required. NEW & NOTEWORTHY We present an automatic spike sorting algorithm that combines three strategies to scale classical spike sorting techniques for high-density microelectrode arrays: 1) splitting the recording electrodes into small groups and sorting them independently; 2) clustering a subset of spikes and classifying the rest to limit computation time; and 3) prewhitening the spike waveforms to enable the use of parameter-free clustering. Finally, we combined these strategies into an automatic spike sorter that is competitive with state-of-the-art spike sorters.

Dataset Information

Spatially controlled, bipolar, cortical stimulation with high-capacitance, mechanically flexible subdural surface microelectrode arrays.

Publications

Spatially controlled, bipolar, cortical stimulation with high-capacitance, mechanically flexible subdural surface microelectrode arrays.

Similar Datasets

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