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Combined aza-Michael and radical photopolymerization reactions for enhanced mechanical properties of 3D printed shape memory polymers.

ABSTRACT: 3D printed shape memory polymers (SMP) were formed by combining aza-Michael addition and light initiated radical polymerization. Amine consumption and acrylate conversion were monitored by ¹H-NMR and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopies. Dynamic mechanical analysis and cyclic thermomechanical tensile tests enabled direct observation of the polymer network changes. Increased homogeneity of the 3D network and enhanced SMP properties were achieved after the reaction between residual acrylate functions trapped in the vitrified medium with the secondary amines formed during the process. This allows the fabrication of shape memory objects by 3D printing.

SUBMITTER: Halbardier L

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9593170 | biostudies-literature | 2022 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Combined aza-Michael and radical photopolymerization reactions for enhanced mechanical properties of 3D printed shape memory polymers.

Halbardier Lucile L Goldbach Emile E Croutxé-Barghorn Céline C Schuller Anne-Sophie AS Allonas Xavier X

RSC advances 20221025 47

3D printed shape memory polymers (SMP) were formed by combining aza-Michael addition and light initiated radical polymerization. Amine consumption and acrylate conversion were monitored by <sup>1</sup>H-NMR and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopies. Dynamic mechanical analysis and cyclic thermomechanical tensile tests enabled direct observation of the polymer network changes. Increased homogeneity of the 3D network and enhanced SMP properties were achieved after the reaction between residual ...[more]

PMID: 36337947

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Project description:Step-growth thiol-Michael photopolymerizable resins, constituting an alternative chemistry to the current methacrylate-based chain-growth polymerizations, were developed and evaluated for use as dental restorative materials. The beneficial features inherent to anion-mediated thiol-Michael polymerizations were explored, such as rapid photocuring, low stress generation, ester content tunability, and improved mechanical performance in a moist environment. An ester-free tetrafunctional thiol and a ultraviolet-sensitive photobase generator were implemented to facilitate thiol-Michael photopolymerization. Thiol-Michael resins of varied ester content were fabricated under suitable light activation. Polymerization kinetics and shrinkage stress were determined with Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy coupled with tensometery measurements. Thermomechanical properties of new materials were evaluated by dynamic mechanical analysis and in 3-point bending stress-strain experiments. Photopolymerization kinetics, polymerization shrinkage stress, glass transition temperature, flexural modulus, flexural toughness, and water sorption/solubility were compared between different thiol-Michael systems and the BisGMA/TEGDMA control. Furthermore, the mechanical performance of 2 thiol-Michael composites and a control composite were compared before and after extensive conditioning in water. All photobase-catalyzed thiol-Michael polymerization matrices achieved >90% conversion with a dramatic reduction in shrinkage stress as compared with the unfilled dimethacrylate control. One prototype of ester-free thiol-Michael formulations had significantly better water uptake properties than the BisGMA/TEGDMA control system. Although exhibiting relatively lower Young's modulus and glass transition temperatures, highly uniform thiol-Michael materials achieved much higher toughness than the BisGMA/TEGDMA control. Moreover, low-ester thiol-Michael composite systems show stable mechanical performance even after extensive water treatment. Although further resin/curing methodology optimization is required, the photopolymerized thiol-Michael prototype resins can now be recognized as promising candidates for implementation in composite dental restorative materials.

Dataset Information

Combined aza-Michael and radical photopolymerization reactions for enhanced mechanical properties of 3D printed shape memory polymers.

Publications

Combined aza-Michael and radical photopolymerization reactions for enhanced mechanical properties of 3D printed shape memory polymers.

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