Dataset Information

Terahertz imaging for non-destructive porosity measurements of carbonate rocks.

ABSTRACT: Within the petrochemical industry, accurate measurement of microporosity and its distribution within core samples, particularly those from carbonate reservoirs, has garnered intense interest because studies have suggested that following primary and secondary depletion, a majority of the residual and bypassed oil may reside in these porosities. Ideally, the microporosity and its distribution would be determined accurately, quickly, and efficiently. Imaging techniques are commonly used to characterize the porosity and pores but accurate microporosity characterization can be challenging due to resolution and scale limitations. To this end, this study describes the development and verification of a novel method to characterize microporosity in carbonate rocks using terahertz time-domain spectroscopy and exploiting the high signal absorption due to water at these high frequencies. This new method is able to measure microporosity and the results agree well with other bulk measurements and produce microporosity maps which is not possible with many bulk characterization or imaging methods. These microporosity maps show the spatial variation of micropores within a sample and offers insights into the heterogeneity of reservoir materials.

SUBMITTER: Bouchard J

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9606024 | biostudies-literature | 2022 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Terahertz imaging for non-destructive porosity measurements of carbonate rocks.

Bouchard Jacob J Eichmann Shannon L SL Ow Hooisweng H Poitzsch Martin M Petkie Douglas T DT

Scientific reports 20221026 1

Within the petrochemical industry, accurate measurement of microporosity and its distribution within core samples, particularly those from carbonate reservoirs, has garnered intense interest because studies have suggested that following primary and secondary depletion, a majority of the residual and bypassed oil may reside in these porosities. Ideally, the microporosity and its distribution would be determined accurately, quickly, and efficiently. Imaging techniques are commonly used to characte ...[more]

PMID: 36289295

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Project description:PurposeThe aim of this study was to establish the suitability of terahertz (THz) transmission measurements to accurately measure and predict the critical quality attributes of disintegration time and the amount of active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) dissolved after 15, 20 and 25 min for commercial tablets processed at production scale.MethodsSamples of 18 batches of biconvex tablets from a production-scale design of experiments study into exploring the design space of a commercial tablet manufacturing process were used. The tablet production involved the process steps of high-shear wet granulation, fluid-bed drying and subsequent compaction. The 18 batches were produced using a 4 factor split plot design to study the effects of process changes on the disintegration time. Non-destructive and contactless terahertz transmission measurements of the whole tablets without prior sample preparation were performed to measure the effective refractive index and absorption coefficient of 6 tablets per batch.ResultsThe disintegration time (R 2 = 0.86) and API dissolved after 15 min (R 2 = 0.96) linearly correlates with the effective refractive index, n eff, measured at terahertz frequencies. In contrast, no such correlation could be established from conventional hardness measurements. The magnitude of n eff represents the optical density of the sample and thus it reflects both changes in tablet porosity as well as granule density. For the absorption coefficient, α eff, we observed a better correlation with dissolution after 20 min (R 2 = 0.96) and a weaker correlation with disintegration (R 2 = 0.83) compared to n eff.ConclusionThe measurements of n eff and α eff provide promising predictors for the disintegration and dissolution time of tablets. The high penetration power of terahertz radiation makes it possible to sample a significant volume proportion of a tablet without any prior sample preparation. Together with the short measurement time (seconds), the potential to measure content uniformity and the fact that the method requires no chemometric models this technology shows clear promise to be established as a process analyser to non-destructively predict critical quality attributes of tablets.

Dataset Information

Terahertz imaging for non-destructive porosity measurements of carbonate rocks.

Publications

Terahertz imaging for non-destructive porosity measurements of carbonate rocks.

Similar Datasets

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