Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells via Phenethylamine Iodide Cation-Modified Hole Transport Layer/Perovskite Interface
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Tien C
PROVIDER: S-EPMC9608381 | biostudies-literature | 2022 Oct
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:A π-conjugated small molecule N, N'-bis(naphthalen-1-yl)-N, N'-bis(phenyl)benzidine (NPB) was introduced into poly(9-vinylcarbazole) (PVK) as a hole transport layer (HTL) in inverted perovskite solar cells (PSCs). The NPB doping induces a better perovskite crystal growth, resulting in perovskite with a larger grain size and less defect density. Thus, the VOC, JSC, and FF of the PSC were all enhanced. Experimental results show that it can be ascribed to the reduction of surface roughness and improved hydrophilicity of the HTL. The effect of NPB on the aggregation of PVK was also discussed. This work demonstrates the great potential of PVK as the HTL of PSCs and provides an attractive alternative for HTL to realize high-efficiency PSCs.
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Project description:Organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite materials offer the potential for realization of low-cost and flexible next-generation solar cells fabricated by low-temperature solution processing. Although efficiencies of perovskite solar cells have dramatically improved up to 19% within the past 5 years, there is still considerable room for further improvement in device efficiency and stability through development of novel materials and device architectures. Here we demonstrate that inverted-type perovskite solar cells with pH-neutral and low-temperature solution-processable conjugated polyelectrolyte as the hole transport layer (instead of acidicPedotPSS) exhibit a device efficiency of over 12% and improved device stability in air. As an alternative toPedotPSS, this work is the first report on the use of an organic hole transport material that enables the formation of uniform perovskite films with complete surface coverage and the demonstration of efficient, stable perovskite/fullerene planar heterojunction solar cells.
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Project description:In our study, by developing the diluted PEDOT:PSS (D-PEDOT:PSS) to replace PEDOT:PSS stock solution as hole transport layer (HTL) materials for fabricating the inverted perovskite solar cells (PSCs), the performance of developed device with ITO/D-PEDOT:PSS/MAPbI3-xClx/C60/BCP/Ag structure is enhanced distinctly. Experimental results reveal that when the dilution ratio is 10:1, the optimal power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the D-PEDOT:PSS device can reach up to 17.85% with an increase of 11.28% compared to the undiluted PEDOT:PSS device. A series of investigations have confirmed that the efficiency improvement is mainly attributed to the two aspects: on one hand, the transmittance and conductivity of D-PEDOT:PSS HTL are improved, and the density of defect states at the interface is reduced after dilution, promoting the separation and transmission of charges, thus the short-circuit current (JSC) is significantly increased; on the other hand, the work function of D-PEDOT:PSS becomes more consistent with perovskite layer, and the voltage loss is reduced, so that the higher open circuit voltage (VOC) is obtained. Our research has indicated that diluting HTL develops a simpler, more efficient and cost-effective method to further improve performance for inverted PSCs.
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Project description:The interfaces between inorganic selective contacts and halide perovskites (HaPs) are possibly the greatest challenge for making stable and reproducible solar cells with these materials. NiOx, an attractive hole-transport layer as it fits the electronic structure of HaPs, is highly stable and can be produced at a low cost. Furthermore, NiOx can be fabricated via scalable and controlled physical deposition methods such as RF sputtering to facilitate the quest for scalable, solvent-free, vacuum-deposited HaP-based solar cells (PSCs). However, the interface between NiOx and HaPs is still not well-controlled, which leads at times to a lack of stability and Voc losses. Here, we use RF sputtering to fabricate NiOx and then cover it with a NiyN layer without breaking vacuum. The NiyN layer protects NiOx doubly during PSC production. Firstly, the NiyN layer protects NiOx from Ni3+ species being reduced to Ni2+ by Ar plasma, thus maintaining NiOx conductivity. Secondly, it passivates the interface between NiOx and the HaPs, retaining PSC stability over time. This double effect improves PSC efficiency from an average of 16.5% with a 17.4% record cell to a 19% average with a 19.8% record cell and increases the device stability.
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Project description:Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have achieved significantly high power-conversion efficiency within a short time. Most of the devices, including those with the highest efficiency, are based on a n-i-p structure utilizing a (doped) spiro-OMeTAD hole transport layer (HTL), which is an expensive material. Furthermore, doping has its own challenges affecting the processing and performance of the devices. Therefore, the need for low-cost, dopant-free hole transport materials is an urgent and critical issue for the commercialization of PSCs. In this study, n-i-p structure PSCs were fabricated in an ambient environment with cuprous iodide (CuI) HTL, employing a novel transfer-printing technique, in order to avoid the harmful interaction between the perovskite surface and the solvents of CuI. Moreover, in fabricated PSCs, the SnO2 electron transport layer (ETL) has been incorporated to reduce the processing temperature, as previously reported (n-i-p) devices with CuI HTL are based on TiO2, which is a high-temperature processed ETL. PSCs fabricated at 80 °C transfer-printing temperature with 20 nm iodized copper, under 1 sun illumination showed a promising efficiency of 8.3%, (JSC and FF; 19.3 A/cm2 and 53.8%), which is comparable with undoped spiro-OMeTAD PSCs and is the highest among the ambient-environment-fabricated PSCs utilizing CuI HTL.
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Project description:As a hole transport layer, PEDOT:PSS usually limits the stability and efficiency of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) due to its hygroscopic nature and inability to block electrons. Here, a graphene-oxide (GO)-modified PEDOT:PSS hole transport layer was fabricated by spin-coating a GO solution onto the PEDOT:PSS surface. PSCs fabricated on a GO-modified PEDOT:PSS layer exhibited a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 15.34%, which is higher than 11.90% of PSCs with the PEDOT:PSS layer. Furthermore, the stability of the PSCs was significantly improved, with the PCE remaining at 83.5% of the initial PCE values after aging for 39 days in air. The hygroscopic PSS material at the PEDOT:PSS surface was partly removed during spin-coating with the GO solution, which improves the moisture resistance and decreases the contact barrier between the hole transport layer and perovskite layer. The scattered distribution of the GO at the PEDOT:PSS surface exhibits superior wettability, which helps to form a high-quality perovskite layer with better crystallinity and fewer pin holes. Furthermore, the hole extraction selectivity of the GO further inhibits the carrier recombination at the interface between the perovskite and PEDOT:PSS layers. Therefore, the cooperative interactions of these factors greatly improve the light absorption of the perovskite layer, the carrier transport and collection abilities of the PSCs, and especially the stability of the cells.
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Project description:A dopant-free hole transport layer with high mobility and a low-temperature process is desired for optoelectronic devices. Here, we study a metal-organic framework material with high hole mobility and strong hole extraction capability as an ideal hole transport layer for perovskite solar cells. By utilizing lifting-up method, the thickness controllable floating film of Ni3(2,3,6,7,10,11-hexaiminotriphenylene)2 at the gas-liquid interface is transferred onto ITO-coated glass substrate. The Ni3(2,3,6,7,10,11-hexaiminotriphenylene)2 film demonstrates high compactness and uniformity. The root-mean-square roughness of the film is 5.5 nm. The ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy and the steady-state photoluminescence spectra exhibit the Ni3(HITP)2 film can effectively transfer holes from perovskite film to anode. The perovskite solar cells based on Ni3(HITP)2 as a dopant-free hole transport layer achieve a champion power conversion efficiency of 10.3%. This work broadens the application of metal-organic frameworks in the field of perovskite solar cells.
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