Global Differences in natural transmission rates of Monkeypox virus.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Yang S
PROVIDER: S-EPMC9622462 | biostudies-literature | 2022 Oct
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
Publications
Global differences in natural transmission rates of Monkeypox virus.
Yang Shiting S Guo Xiaohao X Zhao Zeyu Z Guo Yichao Y Li Kangguo K Abudurusuli Guzainuer G Chen Tianmu T
The Journal of infection 20221101 6
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Project description:Monkeypox virus (MPXV) is endemic in western and Central Africa, and in May 2022, a clade IIb lineage (B.1) caused a global outbreak outside Africa, resulting in its detection in 116 countries and territories. To understand the global phylogenetics of MPXV, we analyzed all available MPXV sequences, including 10,670 sequences from 65 countries collected between 1958 and 2024. Our analysis reveals high mobility of clade I viruses within Central Africa, sustained human-to-human transmission of clade IIb lineage A viruses within the Eastern Mediterranean region and distinct mutational signatures that can distinguish sustained human-to-human from animal-to-animal transmission. Moreover, distinct clade I sequences from Sudan suggest local MPXV circulation in areas of eastern Africa over the past four decades. Our study underscores the importance of genomic surveillance in tracking spatiotemporal dynamics of MXPV clades and the need to strengthen such surveillance, including in some parts of eastern Africa.
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Project description:Monkeypox is a rare viral zoonotic disease; primary infections are reported from remote forest areas of Central and West Africa. We report an investigation of a monkeypox outbreak in Lobaye, southwest Central African Republic, in October 2018.
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Project description:BackgroundEstimates of the case hospitalization rate and case fatality rate when hospital care is available for monkeypox (MPX) infections have not been well defined. This rapid systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to estimate the case hospitalisation rate and case fatality rate where hospital care is available.MethodsWe systematically searched PubMed, Embase, the Lancet Preprints, and MedRxiv for studies published between Jan 1, 1950 and Aug 2, 2022. We included documents which contained both the number of cases and associated hospitalisations of MPX infections. From eligible studies we extracted the country, the year of the study, the study design type, the clade of MPX, the participant characteristics, transmission type, any treatments used, number of cases (including suspected, probable, or laboratory confirmed diagnosis), number of hospitalizations, hospitalized patient outcomes, and case definition. Case hospitalization rate (CHR) was defined as the proportion of cases that were admitted to hospital care while case fatality rate (CFR) was defined as the proportion of cases that died. CHR and CFR were analysed in a fully Bayesian meta-analytic framework using random effects models, including sub-group analysis with heterogeneity assessed using I2.FindingsOf the 259 unique documents identified, 19 studies were eligible for inclusion. Included studies represented 7553 reported cases among which there were 555 hospitalizations. Of the 7540 cases for which outcomes were available, there were 15 recorded deaths. The median age of cases was 35 years (interquartile range 28-38, n = 2010) and primarily male (7339/7489, 98%) in studies where age or sex were available. Combined CHR was estimated to be 14.1% (95% credible interval, 7.5-25.0, I2 97.4%), with a high degree of heterogeneity. Further analysis by outbreak period indicates CHRs of 49.8% (28.2-74.0, I2 81.4%), 21.7% (7.2-52.1, I2 57.7%), and 5.8% (3.2-9.4, I2 92.4%) during the pre-2017, 2017-2021, and 2022 outbreaks, respectively, again with high levels of heterogeneity. CFR was estimated to be 0.03% (0.0-0.44, I2 99.9%), with evidence of large heterogeneity between the studies.InterpretationThere is limited data for MPX hospitalization rates in countries where MPX has been traditionally non-endemic until the current outbreak. Due to substantial heterogeneity, caution is needed when interpreting these findings. Health care organizations should be cognizant of the potential increase in healthcare utilization. Rapid identification of infection and use of appropriate therapies such as antivirals play a role reducing the CHR and associated CFR.FundingNone.
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Project description:The recent emergence of monkeypox (MPX) has created a global threat. The number of infected and suspected cases of MPX is increasing in different parts of the world, especially in non-African countries. However, vaccines are available to fight against this disease. It has been observed that smallpox vaccines can be used to protect against MPX. The present article highlights the significant points and various issues for vaccines and vaccinations that should be considered related to MPX. This paper illustrates current vaccines for smallpox that can be utilized to protect against MPX infection. The article also describes the different significant research on MPXV, especially smallpox vaccines, and its outcome in MPX infection. We have also tried to depict the smallpox vaccination eradication model through the statistical interface using smallpox eradication data from Central and West Africa between 1967 and 1972. We suggest that these models might be helpful for the eradication of MPX in the middle to low-economic countries. Simultaneously, we have also discussed vaccination preparedness in different countries like the USA, UK, Canada, Denmark, Germany, etc. Our report might be helpful to scientists and policymakers in understanding the vaccines and vaccination against MPX and formulating effective strategies to fight against the disease.
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Project description:We describe monkeypox virus (MPXV) transmission from a patient to a healthcare worker through needlestick injury. A lesion appeared at the inoculation site 5 days after injury. Blood tested MPXV-positive by PCR before symptoms worsened; blood remained MPXV-positive at discharge 19 days after symptom onset. Postexposure prophylaxis could prevent potential MPXV bloodborne transmission.
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Project description:In September 2018, monkeypox virus was transmitted from a patient to a healthcare worker in the United Kingdom. Transmission was probably through contact with contaminated bedding. Infection control precautions for contacts (vaccination, daily monitoring, staying home from work) were implemented. Of 134 potential contacts, 4 became ill; all patients survived.
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Project description:We studied a community cluster of 25 mpox cases in Vietnam caused by emerging monkeypox virus sublineage C.1 and imported into Vietnam through 2 independent events; 1 major cluster carried a novel APOBEC3-like mutation. Three patients died; all had advanced HIV co-infection. Viral evolution and its potential consequences should be closely monitored.
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