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Brassinosteroids induced drought resistance of contrasting drought-responsive genotypes of maize at physiological and transcriptomic levels.

ABSTRACT: The present study investigated the brassinosteroid-induced drought resistance of contrasting drought-responsive maize genotypes at physiological and transcriptomic levels. The brassinosteroid (BR) contents along with different morphology characteristics, viz., plant height (PH), shoot dry weight (SDW), root dry weight (RDW), number of leaves (NL), the specific mass of the fourth leaf, and antioxidant activities, were investigated in two maize lines that differed in their degree of drought tolerance. In response to either control, drought, or brassinosteroid treatments, the KEGG enrichment analysis showed that plant hormonal signal transduction and starch and sucrose metabolism were augmented in both lines. In contrast, the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis was augmented in lines H21L0R1 and 478. Our results demonstrate drought-responsive molecular mechanisms and provide valuable information regarding candidate gene resources for drought improvement in maize crop. The differences observed for BR content among the maize lines were correlated with their degree of drought tolerance, as the highly tolerant genotype showed higher BR content under drought stress.

SUBMITTER: Gillani SFA

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9641234 | biostudies-literature | 2022

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Brassinosteroids induced drought resistance of contrasting drought-responsive genotypes of maize at physiological and transcriptomic levels.

Gillani Syed Faheem Anjum SFA Zhuang Zelong Z Rasheed Adnan A Haq Inzamam Ul IU Abbasi Asim A Ahmed Shakil S Wang Yinxia Y Khan Muhammad Tajammal MT Sardar Rehana R Peng Yunling Y

Frontiers in plant science 20221025

The present study investigated the brassinosteroid-induced drought resistance of contrasting drought-responsive maize genotypes at physiological and transcriptomic levels. The brassinosteroid (BR) contents along with different morphology characteristics, viz., plant height (PH), shoot dry weight (SDW), root dry weight (RDW), number of leaves (NL), the specific mass of the fourth leaf, and antioxidant activities, were investigated in two maize lines that differed in their degree of drought tolera ...[more]

PMID: 36388543

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Project description:Drought stress is the primary environmental factor that negatively influences plant growth and yield in cereal grain crops such as maize (Zea mays L.). Crop breeding efforts for enhanced drought resistance require improved knowledge of plant drought stress responses. In this study, we applied a 12-day water-deficit stress treatment to maize plants of two contrasting (drought tolerant ND476 and drought sensitive ZX978) hybrid cultivars at four (V12, VT, R1, and R4) crop growth stages and we report key cultivar-specific and growth-stage-specific molecular mechanisms regulating drought stress responses in maize. Based on the transcriptome analysis, a total of 3451 and 4088 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in ND476 and ZX978 from the four experimental comparisons, respectively. These gene expression changes effected corresponding metabolic pathway responses related to drought tolerance in maize. In ND476, the DEGs associated with the ribosome, starch and sucrose metabolism, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and phenylpropanoid metabolism pathways were predominant at the V12, VT, R2, and R4 stages, respectively, whereas those in ZX978 were related to ribosome, pentose and glucuronate interconversions (PGI), MAPK signaling and sulfur metabolism pathways, respectively. MapMan analysis revealed that DEGs related to secondary metabolism, lipid metabolism, and amino acid metabolism were universal across the four growth stages in ND476. Meanwhile, the DEGs involved in cell wall, photosynthesis and amino acid metabolism were universal across the four growth stages in ZX978. However, K-means analysis clustered those DEGs into clear and distinct expression profiles in ND476 and ZX978 at each stage. Several functional and regulatory genes were identified in the special clusters related to drought defense response. Our results affirmed that maize drought stress adaptation is a cultivar-specific response as well as a stage-specific response process. Additionally, our findings enrich the maize genetic resources and enhance our further understanding of the molecular mechanisms regulating drought stress tolerance in maize. Further, the DEGs screened in this study may provide a foundational basis for our future targeted cloning studies.

Project description:BackgroundRoot length and its architecture govern the adaptability of plants to various stress conditions, including drought stress. Genetic variations in root growth, length, and architecture are genotypes dependent. In this study, we compared the drought-induced transcriptome of four genotypes of Gossypium herbaceum that differed in their drought tolerance adaptability. Three different methodologies, namely, microarray, pyrosequencing, and qRT-PCR, were used for transcriptome analysis and validation.ResultsThe variations in root length and growth were found among four genotypes of G.herbaceum when exposed to mannitol-induced osmotic stress. Under osmotic stress, the drought tolerant genotypes Vagad and GujCot-21 showed a longer root length than did by drought sensitive RAHS-14 and RAHS-IPS-187. Further, the gene expression patterns in the root tissue of all genotypes were analyzed. We obtained a total of 794 differentially expressed genes by microarray and 104928 high-quality reads representing 53195 unigenes from the root transcriptome. The Vagad and GujCot-21 respond to water stress by inducing various genes and pathways such as response to stresses, response to water deprivation, and flavonoid pathways. Some key regulatory genes involved in abiotic stress such as AP2 EREBP, MYB, WRKY, ERF, ERD9, and LEA were highly expressed in Vagad and GujCot-21. The genes RHD3, NAP1, LBD, and transcription factor WRKY75, known for root development under various stress conditions, were expressed specifically in Vagad and GujCot-21. The genes related to peroxidases, transporters, cell wall-modifying enzymes, and compatible solutes (amino acids, amino sugars, betaine, sugars, or sugar alcohols) were also highly expressed in Vagad and Gujcot-21.ConclusionOur analysis highlights changes in the expression pattern of genes and depicts a small but highly specific set of drought responsive genes induced in response to drought stress. Some of these genes were very likely to be involved in drought stress signaling and adaptation, such as transmembrane nitrate transporter, alcohol dehydrogenase, pyruvate decarboxylase, sucrose synthase, and LEA. These results might serve as the basis for an in-depth genomics study of Gossypium herbaceum, including a comparative transcriptome analysis and the selection of genes for root traits and drought tolerance.

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Brassinosteroids induced drought resistance of contrasting drought-responsive genotypes of maize at physiological and transcriptomic levels.

Publications

Brassinosteroids induced drought resistance of contrasting drought-responsive genotypes of maize at physiological and transcriptomic levels.

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