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Rhizosphere microbes enhance plant salt tolerance: Toward crop production in saline soil.

ABSTRACT: The world's population continues to increase and thus requires more food production to take place in nonarable land, such as saline soil; therefore, it is urgent to find solutions to enhance the salinity tolerance of crops. As the second genome of plants, the rhizosphere microbiome plays critical roles in plant fitness under stress conditions. Many beneficial microbes that help plants cope with salinity stress have been identified, highlighting their roles in mitigating salt stress-induced negative effects on plants. However, a comprehensive review of the microbial species that are able to confer plant salt tolerance and the underlying mechanisms is still lacking. In this review, we compared the representative fungal and bacterial taxa that demonstrate the ability to enhance plant growth in saline soil. We also reviewed the mechanisms by which rhizosphere microbes enhance plant salt stress tolerance, i.e., by re-establishing ion and osmotic homeostasis, preventing damage to plant cells, and resuming plant growth under salt stress. Finally, future research efforts to explore the rhizosphere microbiome for agricultural sustainability are proposed.

SUBMITTER: Liu Y

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9712829 | biostudies-literature | 2022

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Rhizosphere microbes enhance plant salt tolerance: Toward crop production in saline soil.

Liu Yunpeng Y Xun Weibing W Chen Lin L Xu Zhihui Z Zhang Nan N Feng Haichao H Zhang Qiang Q Zhang Ruifu R

Computational and structural biotechnology journal 20221125

The world's population continues to increase and thus requires more food production to take place in nonarable land, such as saline soil; therefore, it is urgent to find solutions to enhance the salinity tolerance of crops. As the second genome of plants, the rhizosphere microbiome plays critical roles in plant fitness under stress conditions. Many beneficial microbes that help plants cope with salinity stress have been identified, highlighting their roles in mitigating salt stress-induced negat ...[more]

PMID: 36467579

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Project description:A total of 45 beneficial soil bacterial isolates (15 each of Pseudomonas, Azotobacter and phosphate solubilizing bacteria: PSB) recovered from polluted rhizosphere soils were morphologically and biochemically characterized. Bacterial isolates produced indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), phenolate siderophores; SA (salicylic acid) and 2, 3-dihydroxy benzoic acid (2, 3-DHBA), 1-amino cyclopropane 1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase, solubilised insoluble phosphate (Pi), secreted exopolysaccharides (EPS) and produced ammonia and cyanogenic compound (HCN). Isolates were tested for their tolerance ability against 12 different agrochemicals (chemical pesticides) and 14 antibiotics. Among Pseudomonas, isolate PS1 showed maximum (2183 µg mL-1) tolerance to all tested agrochemicals. Likewise, among all Azotobacter isolates (n = 15), AZ12 showed maximum (1766 µg mL-1) while AZ7 had lowest (950 µg mL-1) tolerance ability to all tested agrochemicals. Moreover, among phosphate solubilizing bacterial isolates, maximum (1970 µg mL-1) and minimum (1308 µg mL-1) tolerance to agrochemicals was represented by PSB8 and PSB13 isolates, respectively. The antibiotic sensitivity/resistance among isolates varied considerably. As an example, Pseudomonas spp. was susceptible to several antibiotics, and inhibition zone differed between 10 mm (polymyxin B) to 34 mm (nalidixic acid). Also, isolate PS2 showed resistance to erythromycin, ciprofloxacin, methicillin, novobiocin and penicillin. The resistance percentage to multiple antibiotics among Azotobacter isolates varied between 7 and 33%. Among PSB isolates, inhibition zone differed between 10 and 40 mm and maximum and minimum resistance percentage to multiple antibiotics was recorded as 47% and 20%, respectively. The persistence of pesticides in agricultural soil may contribute to an increase in multidrug resistance among soil microorganisms. In conclusion, plant growth promoting (PGP) substances releasing soil microorganisms comprising of inherent/intrinsic properties of pesticides tolerance and antibiotics resistance may provide an attractive, agronomically feasible, and long-term prospective alternative for the augmentation of edible crops. However, in future, more research is needed to uncover the molecular processes behind the development of pesticide tolerance and antibiotic resistance among soil microorganisms.

Project description:A wide range of root-associated mutualistic microorganisms have been successfully applied and documented in the past for growth promotion, biofertilization, biofortification and biotic and abiotic stress amelioration in major crops. These microorganisms include nitrogen fixers, nutrient mobilizers, bio-remediators and bio-control agents. The present study aimed to demonstrate the impact of salt-tolerant compatible microbial inoculants on plant growth; Zn biofortification and yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) crops grown in saline-sodic soil and insight of the mechanisms involved therein are being shared through this paper. Field experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of Trichoderma harzianum UBSTH-501 and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens B-16 on wheat grown in saline-sodic soil at Research Farm, ICAR-Indian Institute of Seed Sciences, Kushmaur, India. The population of rhizosphere-associated microorganisms changed dramatically upon inoculation of the test microbes in the wheat rhizosphere. The co-inoculation induced a significant accumulation of proline and total soluble sugar in wheat at 30, 60, 90 and 120 days after sowing as compared to the uninoculated control. Upon quantitative estimation of organic solutes and antioxidant enzymes, these were found to have increased significantly in co-inoculated plants under salt-stressed conditions. The application of microbial inoculants enhanced the salt tolerance level significantly in wheat plants grown in saline-sodic soil. A significant increase in the uptake and translocation of potassium (K+) and calcium (Ca2+) was observed in wheat co-inoculated with the microbial inoculants, while a significant reduction in sodium (Na+) content was recorded in plants treated with both the bio-agents when compared with the respective uninoculated control plants. Results clearly indicated that significantly higher expression of TaHKT-1 and TaNHX1 in the roots enhances salt tolerance effectively by maintaining the Na+/K+ balance in the plant tissue. It was also observed that co-inoculation of the test inoculants increased the expression of ZIP transporters (2-3.5-folds) which ultimately led to increased biofortification of Zn in wheat grown in saline-sodic soil. Results suggested that co-inoculation of T. harzianum UBSTH-501 and B. amyloliquefaciens B-16 not only increased plant growth but also improved total grain yield along with a reduction in seedling mortality in the early stages of crop growth. In general, the present investigation demonstrated the feasibility of using salt-tolerant rhizosphere microbes for plant growth promotion and provides insights into plant-microbe interactions to ameliorate salt stress and increase Zn bio-fortification in wheat.

Dataset Information

Rhizosphere microbes enhance plant salt tolerance: Toward crop production in saline soil.

Publications

Rhizosphere microbes enhance plant salt tolerance: Toward crop production in saline soil.

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