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Effect of Wastewater on the Composition of Bacterial Microbiota of Phragmites australis Used in Constructed Wetlands for Phytodepuration.

ABSTRACT: Phytodepuration occurs in the plant-mediated remediation processes exploited to remove pollutants from wastewater, and Phragmites australis is one of the most used plants. This goal is achieved using constructed wetlands (CW), which are engineered systems designed to mimic the natural processes of pollutants removal. The aim of this work was to characterize the bacterial communities associated to P. australis, soils, and permeates of the CW of Calice (Prato, Italy), to evaluate the possible effect of wastewaters on the CW bacterial communities, through a next-generation sequencing-based approach. A total of 122 samples were collected from different tissues of P. australis (i.e., roots, aerial parts, and stem), soil (i.e., rhizospheric and bulk soil), and permeates, and analyzed. All samples were collected during five sampling campaigns, with the first one performed before the activation of the plant. Obtained results highlighted a specific microbiota of P. australis, conserved among the different plant tissues and during time, showing a lower alpha diversity than the other samples and not influenced by the more complex and variable environmental (soils and permeates) bacterial communities. These data suggest that P. australis is able to select and maintain a defined microbiota, a capacity that could allow the plant to survive in hostile environments, such as that of CW.

SUBMITTER: Cangioli L

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9739656 | biostudies-literature | 2022 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Effect of Wastewater on the Composition of Bacterial Microbiota of Phragmites australis Used in Constructed Wetlands for Phytodepuration.

Cangioli Lisa L Salobehaj Maria M Del Duca Sara S Fagorzi Camilla C Berardi Chiara C Coppini Ester E Fibbi Donatella D Fani Renato R Vassallo Alberto A

Plants (Basel, Switzerland) 20221123 23

Phytodepuration occurs in the plant-mediated remediation processes exploited to remove pollutants from wastewater, and Phragmites australis is one of the most used plants. This goal is achieved using constructed wetlands (CW), which are engineered systems designed to mimic the natural processes of pollutants removal. The aim of this work was to characterize the bacterial communities associated to P. australis, soils, and permeates of the CW of Calice (Prato, Italy), to evaluate the ...[more]

PMID: 36501250

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Project description:Phragmites australis and Typha latifolia are two macrophytes commonly present in natural and artificial wetlands. Roots of these plants engage in interactions with a broad range of microorganisms, collectively referred to as the microbiota. The microbiota contributes to the natural process of phytodepuration, whereby pollutants are removed from contaminated water bodies through plants. The outermost layer of the root corpus, the rhizoplane, is a hot-spot for these interactions where microorganisms establish specialized aggregates designated biofilm. Earlier studies suggest that biofilm-forming members of the microbiota play a crucial role in the process of phytodepuration. However, the composition and recruitment cue of the Phragmites, and Typha microbiota remain poorly understood. We therefore decided to investigate the composition and functional capacities of the bacterial microbiota thriving at the P. australis and T. latifolia root-soil interface. By using 16S rRNA gene Illumina MiSeq sequencing approach we demonstrated that, despite a different composition of the initial basin inoculum, the microbiota associated with the rhizosphere and rhizoplane of P. australis and T. latifolia tends to converge toward a common taxonomic composition dominated by members of the phyla Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Planctomycetes. This indicates the existence of a selecting process acting at the root-soil interface of these aquatic plants reminiscent of the one observed for land plants. The magnitude of this selection process is maximum at the level of the rhizoplane, where we identified different bacteria enriched in and discriminating between rhizoplane and rhizosphere fractions in a species-dependent and -independent way. This led us to hypothesize that the structural diversification of the rhizoplane community underpins specific metabolic capabilities of the microbiota. We tested this hypothesis by complementing the sequencing survey with a biochemical approach and scanning electron microscopy demonstrating that rhizoplane-enriched bacteria have a bias for biofilm-forming members. Together, our data will be critical to facilitate the rational exploitation of plant-microbiota interactions for phytodepuration.

Project description:Soil pathogens are believed to be major contributors to negative plant-soil feedbacks that regulate plant community dynamics and plant invasions. While the theoretical basis for pathogen regulation of plant communities is well established within the plant-soil feedback framework, direct experimental evidence for pathogen community responses to plants has been limited, often relying largely on indirect evidence based on above-ground plant responses. As a result, specific soil pathogen responses accompanying above-ground plant community dynamics are largely unknown. Here, we examine the oomycete pathogens in soils conditioned by established populations of native noninvasive and non-native invasive haplotypes of Phragmites australis (European common reed). Our aim was to assess whether populations of invasive plants harbor unique communities of pathogens that differ from those associated with noninvasive populations and whether the distribution of taxa within these communities may help to explain invasive success. We compared the composition and abundance of pathogenic and saprobic oomycete species over a 2-year period. Despite a diversity of oomycete taxa detected in soils from both native and non-native populations, pathogen communities from both invaded and noninvaded soils were dominated by species of Pythium. Pathogen species that contributed the most to the differences observed between invaded and noninvaded soils were distributed between invaded and noninvaded soils. However, the specific taxa in invaded soils responsible for community differences were distinct from those in noninvaded soils that contributed to community differences. Our results indicate that, despite the phylogenetic relatedness of native and non-native P. australis haplotypes, pathogen communities associated with the dominant non-native haplotype are distinct from those of the rare native haplotype. Pathogen taxa that dominate either noninvaded or invaded soils suggest different potential mechanisms of invasion facilitation. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that non-native plant species that dominate landscapes may "cultivate" a different soil pathogen community to their rhizosphere than those of rarer native species.

Project description:IntroductionConstructed wetlands have become crucial ecosystems for the purification of industrial and agricultural water. The health of wetland plants and the efficacy of water purification are strongly influenced by root-associated bacteria. However, our understanding of the functions of bacterial communities in the plant different root components (i.e., rhizosphere, rhizoplane, and endosphere) and their impact on water purification is still limited.MethodsTo address this knowledge gap, we employed high-resolution 16S rRNA deep amplicon sequencing to explore the bacterial community structure and assembly within the root components of three plant species (i.e. Iris ensata, Canna indica, and Hymenocallis littoralis) found in constructed wetlands.ResultsOur findings revealed that the pollutant removal efficiency was higher in the wet season than in the dry season. The specific root compartment, plant species, environmental factors, and seasonality significantly influenced the bacterial composition, diversity and abundance. Across all three plant species, Proteobacteria emerged as the dominant bacterial groups in all root components. The abundance and diversity of bacterial communities exhibited a decline from the rhizosphere to the endosphere, accompanied by an increase in the number of distinctive biomarkers from the rhizosphere to the endosphere. The bacterial composition exhibited significant similarity in the rhizosphere in the dry season and the endosphere in the wet season. Bacterial genes in the rhizosphere-rhizoplane were associated with environmental information processing, transportation and metabolism, while those in the rhizoplane-endosphere primarily handle metabolic processes. The bacterial community positively correlated with total nitrogen content, chemical oxygen demand, and NO4 +-N in the dry season, while associated with total phosphorus, total organic carbon, and NO3 +-N content in the wet season.DiscussionThe structure and function of the bacterial community within the root rhizoplane-endosphere can serve as indicators of the water purification efficacy of constructed wetlands.

Dataset Information

Effect of Wastewater on the Composition of Bacterial Microbiota of Phragmites australis Used in Constructed Wetlands for Phytodepuration.

Publications

Effect of Wastewater on the Composition of Bacterial Microbiota of <i>Phragmites australis</i> Used in Constructed Wetlands for Phytodepuration.

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