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Single-index models with functional connectivity network predictors.

ABSTRACT: Functional connectivity is defined as the undirected association between two or more functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) time series. Increasingly, subject-level functional connectivity data have been used to predict and classify clinical outcomes and subject attributes. We propose a single-index model wherein response variables and sparse functional connectivity network valued predictors are linked by an unspecified smooth function in order to accommodate potentially nonlinear relationships. We exploit the network structure of functional connectivity by imposing meaningful sparsity constraints, which lead not only to the identification of association of interactions between regions with the response but also the assessment of whether or not the functional connectivity associated with a brain region is related to the response variable. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model in simulation studies and in an application to a resting-state fMRI data set from the Human Connectome Project to model fluid intelligence and sex and to identify predictive links between brain regions.

SUBMITTER: Weaver C

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9748592 | biostudies-literature | 2022 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Single-index models with functional connectivity network predictors.

Weaver Caleb C Xiao Luo L Lindquist Martin A MA

Biostatistics (Oxford, England) 20221201 1

Functional connectivity is defined as the undirected association between two or more functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) time series. Increasingly, subject-level functional connectivity data have been used to predict and classify clinical outcomes and subject attributes. We propose a single-index model wherein response variables and sparse functional connectivity network valued predictors are linked by an unspecified smooth function in order to accommodate potentially nonlinear relation ...[more]

PMID: 33948617

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Project description:IntroductionAlthough the putamen has a significant role in reward-seeking and motivated behaviors, including eating and food-seeking, minorities' diminished returns (MDRs) suggest that individual-level risk and protective factors have weaker effects for Non-Hispanic Black than Non-Hispanic White individuals. However, limited research is available on the relevance of MDRs in terms of the role of putamen functional connectivity on body mass index (BMI).PurposeBuilding on the MDRs framework and conceptualizing race and socioeconomic status (SES) indicators as social constructs, we explored racial and SES differences in the associations between putamen functional connectivity to the salience network and children's BMI.MethodsFor this cross-sectional study, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data of 6473 9-10-year-old Non-Hispanic Black and Non-Hispanic White children from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study. The primary independent variable was putamen functional connectivity to the salience network, measured by fMRI. The primary outcome was the children's BMI. Age, sex, neighborhood income, and family structure were the covariates. Race, family structure, parental education, and household income were potential moderators. For data analysis, we used mixed-effect models in the overall sample and by race.ResultsHigher right putamen functional connectivity to the salience network was associated with higher BMI in Non-Hispanic White children. The same association was missing for Non-Hispanic Black children. While there was no overall association in the pooled sample, a significant interaction was found, suggesting that the association between right putamen functional connectivity to the salience network and children's BMI was modified by race. Compared to Non-Hispanic White children, Non-Hispanic Black children showed a weaker association between right putamen functional connectivity to the salience network and BMI. While parental education and household income did not moderate our association of interest, marital status altered the associations between putamen functional connectivity to the salience network and children's BMI. These patterns were observed for right but not left putamen. Other/Mixed Race children also showed a pattern similar to Non-Hispanic Black children.ConclusionsThe association between right putamen functional connectivity to the salience network and children's BMI may depend on race and marital status but not parental education and household income. While right putamen functional connectivity to the salience network is associated with Non-Hispanic White children's BMI, Non-Hispanic Black children' BMI remains high regardless of their putamen functional connectivity to the salience network. This finding is in line with MDRs, which attributes diminished effects of individual-risk and protective factors for Non-Hispanic Black children to racism, stratification, and segregation.

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Single-index models with functional connectivity network predictors.

Publications

Single-index models with functional connectivity network predictors.

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