Changes in hospitalizations for respiratory diseases following the COVID-19 epidemic.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Wang K
PROVIDER: S-EPMC9771282 | biostudies-literature | 2022 Oct
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
Publications
Changes in hospitalizations for respiratory diseases following the COVID-19 epidemic.
Wang Kaige K Guo Li L Xiao Qianfeng Q Tian Panwen P Liu Dan D Li Weimin W
Chinese medical journal 20221005 19
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Project description:In Italy, the first SARS-CoV-2 infections were diagnosed in Rome, Lazio region, at the end of January 2020, but sustained transmission occurred later, since the end of February. From 1 February to 12 April 2020, 17,164 nasopharyngeal swabs were tested by real time PCR for the presence of SARS-CoV-2 at the Laboratory of Virology of National Institute for Infectious Diseases "Lazzaro Spallanzani" (INMI) in Rome. In the same period, coincident with the winter peak of influenza and other respiratory illnesses, 847 samples were analyzed by multiplex PCR assay for the presence of common respiratory pathogens. In our study the time trend of SARS-CoV-2 and that of other respiratory pathogens in the same observation period were analysed. Overall, results obtained suggest that the spread of the pandemic SARS-CoV-2 virus did not substantially affect the time trend of other respiratory infections in our region, highlighting no significant difference in rates of SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with or without other respiratory pathogens. Therefore, in the present scenario of COVID-19 pandemic, differential diagnosis resulting positive for common respiratory pathogen(s) should not exclude testing of SARS-CoV-2.
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Project description:Evidence shows that chronic diseases are associated with COVID-19 severity and death. This study aims to estimate the fraction of hospitalizations and deaths from COVID-19 attributable to chronic diseases associated to poor nutrition and smoking among adults who tested positive to COVID-19 in Mexico. We analyzed 1,006,541 adults aged ≥20 who tested positive for COVID-19 from March 23 to December 5, 2020. Six chronic diseases were considered: obesity, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and chronic kidney disease (CKD). We calibrated the database using a bias quantification method to consider undiagnosed disease cases. To estimate the total impact of multiple diseases, we defined a multimorbidity variable according to the number of diseases. Risks of hospitalization and death were estimated with Poisson regression models and used to calculate population attributable fractions (PAFs). Chronic diseases accounted for to 25.4% [95% CI: 24.8%-26.1%], 28.3% (95% CI: 27.8%-28.7%) and 15.3% (95% CI: 14.9%-15.7%) of the hospitalizations among adults below 40, 40-59, and 60 years and older, respectively. For COVID-19-related deaths, 50.1% (95% CI: 48.6%-51.5%), 40.5% (95% CI: 39.7%-41.3%), and 18.7% (95% CI, 18.0%-19.5%) were attributable to chronic diseases in adults under 40, 40-59, and 60 years and older, respectively. Chronic diseases linked to poor nutrition and smoking could have contributed to a large burden of hospitalization and deaths from COVID-19 in Mexico, particularly among younger adults. Medical and structural interventions to curb chronic disease incidence and facilitate disease control are urgently needed.
| S-EPMC8674104 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The pandemic of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) presents the world with the medical challenge associated with multifactorial nature of this pathology. Indeed COVID-19 affects several organs and systems and presents diversified clinical picture. COVID-19 affects the brain in many ways including direct infection of neural cells with SARS-CoV-2, severe systemic inflammation which floods the brain with pro-inflammatory agents thus damaging nervous cells, global brain ischaemia linked to a respiratory failure, thromboembolic strokes related to increased intravascular clotting and severe psychological stress. Often the COVID-19 is manifested by neurological and neuropsychiatric symptoms that include dizziness, disturbed sleep, cognitive deficits, delirium, hallucinations and depression. All these indicate the damage to the nervous tissue which may substantially increase the incidence of neurodegenerative diseases and promote dementia.
| S-EPMC7691955 | biostudies-literature
Project description:IntroductionPopulation-level surveillance systems have demonstrated reduced transmission of non-SARS-CoV-2 respiratory viruses during the COVID-19 pandemic. In this study, we examined whether this reduction translated to reduced hospital admissions and emergency department (ED) visits associated with influenza, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), human metapneumovirus, human parainfluenza virus, adenovirus, rhinovirus/enterovirus, and common cold coronavirus in Ontario.MethodsHospital admissions were identified from the Discharge Abstract Database and exclude elective surgical admissions and non-emergency medical admissions (January 2017-March 2022). Emergency department (ED) visits were identified from the National Ambulatory Care Reporting System. International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) codes were used to classify hospital visits by virus type (January 2017-May 2022).ResultsAt the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, hospitalizations for all viruses were reduced to near-trough levels. Hospitalizations and ED visits for influenza (9,127/year and 23,061/year, respectively) were nearly absent throughout the pandemic (two influenza seasons; April 2020-March 2022). Hospitalizations and ED visits for RSV (3,765/year and 736/year, respectively) were absent for the first RSV season during the pandemic, but returned for the 2021/2022 season. This resurgence of hospitalizations for RSV occurred earlier in the season than expected, was more likely among younger infants (age ≤6 months), more likely among older children (aged 6.1-24 months), and less likely to comprise of patients residing in higher areas of ethnic diversity (p<0.0001).ConclusionDuring the COVID-19 pandemic, there was a reduced the burden of other respiratory infections on patients and hospitals. The epidemiology of respiratory viruses in the 2022/23 season remains to be seen.
| S-EPMC10275476 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The public health interventions to mitigate coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) could also potentially reduce the global activity of influenza. However, this strategy's impact on other common infectious diseases is unknown. We collected data of 10 respiratory infectious (RI) diseases, influenza-like illnesses (ILIs), and seven gastrointestinal infectious (GI) diseases during 2015-2020 in China and applied two proportional tests to check the differences in the yearly incidence and mortality, and case-fatality rates (CFRs) over the years 2015-2020. The results showed that the overall RI activity decreased by 7.47%, from 181.64 in 2015-2019 to 168.08 per 100 000 in 2020 (p < 0.001); however, the incidence of influenza was seen to have a 16.08% escalation (p < 0.001). In contrast, the average weekly ILI percentage and positive influenza virus rate decreased by 6.25% and 61.94%, respectively, in 2020 compared to the previous 5 years (all p < 0.001). The overall incidence of GI decreased by 45.28%, from 253.73 in 2015-2019 to 138.84 in 2020 per 100 000 (p < 0.001), and with the greatest decline seen in hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) (64.66%; p < 0.001). The mortality and CFRs from RI increased by 128.49% and 146.95%, respectively, in 2020, compared to 2015-2019 (p < 0.001). However, the mortality rates and CFRs of seven GI decreased by 70.56% and 46.12%, respectively (p < 0.001). In conclusion, China's COVID-19 elimination/containment strategy is very effective in reducing the incidence rates of RI and GI, and ILI activity, as well as the mortality and CFRs of GI diseases.
| S-EPMC9015532 | biostudies-literature
Project description:IntroductionThis study aims to quantify out-of-pocket spending associated with respiratory hospitalizations for conditions similar to those caused by coronavirus disease 2019 and to compare out-of-pocket spending differences among those enrolled in consumer-directed health plans and in traditional, low-deductible plans.MethodsThis study used deidentified administrative claims from the OptumLabs Data Warehouse (January 1, 2016-August 31, 2019) to identify patients with a respiratory hospitalization. It compared unadjusted out-of-pocket spending among consumer-directed health plan enrollees with that among traditional plan enrollees using difference of mean significance tests and repeated the analysis separately by age category and calendar year quarter. These data were collected on a rolling basis by OptumLabs and were analyzed in March 2020.ResultsCommercially insured consumer-directed health plan enrollees had significantly higher out-of-pocket spending than traditional plan enrollees, and these differences were largest among younger populations. The largest difference in out-of-pocket spending occurred during the first half of the year.ConclusionsConsumer-directed health plan enrollees may experience differential financial burden from a hospitalization related to coronavirus disease 2019. Although some insurers are waiving cost-sharing payments for coronavirus disease 2019 treatment, self-insured employers remain exempt. As of now, policy responses may be insufficient to reduce the financial burden on consumer-directed health plans enrollees with respiratory hospitalizations related to coronavirus disease 2019.
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Project description: Not available
| S-EPMC8013189 | biostudies-literature
Project description:AimTo quantify changes on RSV- associated hospitalizations during COVID-19 pandemic, among children four years of age or younger at the state and county levels of Texas using routinely acquired hospital admission records.MethodsWe used the Texas Public Use Data Files (PUDF) of the Department of State Human Services (DSHS) to obtain hospital admissions and healthcare outcomes from 2006 to 2021. We used the 2006-2019 period to estimate a long-term temporal trend and predict expected values for 2020-2021. Actual and predicted values were used to quantify changes in seasonal trends of the number of hospital admissions and mean length of hospital stay. Additionally, we calculated hospitalization rates and assessed their similarity to rates reported in the RSV Hospitalization Surveillance Network (RSV-NET).ResultsAn unusually low number of hospitalizations in 2020 was followed by an unusual peak in the third quarter of 2021. Hospital admissions in 2021 were approximately twice those in a typical year. The mean length of hospital stay typically followed a seasonal trend before COVID-19, but increased by a factor of ∼6.5 during the pandemic. Spatial distribution of hospitalization rates revealed localized healthcare infrastructure overburdens during COVID-19. RSV associated hospitalization rates were, on average, two times higher than those of RSV-NET.ConclusionHospital admission data can be used to estimate long-term temporal and spatial trends and quantify changes during events that exacerbate healthcare systems, such as pandemics. Using the mean difference between hospital rates calculated with hospital admissions and hospital rates obtained from RSV-NET, we speculate that state-level hospitalization rates for 2022 could be at least twice those observed in the two previous years, and the highest in the last 17 years.
| S-EPMC10040829 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Projections for the US 2023-24 respiratory virus season indicated a 31% decrease to a 55% increase in hospitalizations for respiratory syncytial virus, influenza, and COVID-19 compared with 2022-23, depending on circulating variants and vaccination uptake. The projections captured the tripledemic peak but missed the multiwave seasonality of COVID-19.
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