Dataset Information

Breastfeeding in Infancy in Relation to Subsequent Physical Size: A 20-year Follow-up of the Ibaraki Children's Cohort Study (IBACHIL).

ABSTRACT:

Background

Breastfeeding is said to prevent overweight and obesity in childhood but the evidence about its long-term impact on body size into adolescence and adulthood is scarce. We sought to examine the association between feeding types and subsequent physical size at the ages of 3, 6, 12, and 22 years.

Methods

The Ibaraki Children's Cohort (IBACHIL) Study, which began in 1992, involved a cohort of 4,592 Japanese children from 87 communities of a single prefecture whose parents answered health questionnaires about their child's health and life habits at the age of 3 years. Follow-up questionnaires were distributed to the same cohort when they were 6, 12, and 22 years old. Self-reported height and weight, body mass index (BMI), and overweight status at ages of 3 (n = 4,290), 6 (n = 1,999; proportion of participants analyzed = 47%), 12 (n = 2,227; 52%), and 22 (n = 1,459; 34%) years were compared according to feeding type (breastfeeding, formula feeding, and mixed feeding) during infancy.

Results

At the age of 3 years, multivariable adjusted-mean weight and prevalence of overweight were less for breastfed children than those formula-fed in both boys (weight: 14.6 kg vs 14.7 kg, P = 0.07, overweight: 6.3% vs 9.3%, P = 0.03) and in girls (14.0 kg vs 14.2 kg, P = 0.01 and 10.4% vs 13.6%, P = 0.06). However, there were no statistically significant differences in weight, BMI, and overweight at the ages of 6, 12, and 22 years according to feeding type.

Conclusion

Breastfeeding may prevent overweight in childhood, but its impact is not significant in adolescence and adulthood.

SUBMITTER: Sata M

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9794444 | biostudies-literature | 2023 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

ACCESS DATA

Publications

Breastfeeding in Infancy in Relation to Subsequent Physical Size: A 20-year Follow-up of the Ibaraki Children's Cohort Study (IBACHIL).

Sata Mizuki M Yamagishi Kazumasa K Sairenchi Toshimi T Irie Fujiko F Sunou Keiko K Watanabe Hiroshi H Iso Hiroyasu H Ota Hitoshi H

Journal of epidemiology 20211108 2

<h4>Background</h4>Breastfeeding is said to prevent overweight and obesity in childhood but the evidence about its long-term impact on body size into adolescence and adulthood is scarce. We sought to examine the association between feeding types and subsequent physical size at the ages of 3, 6, 12, and 22 years.<h4>Methods</h4>The Ibaraki Children's Cohort (IBACHIL) Study, which began in 1992, involved a cohort of 4,592 Japanese children from 87 communities of a single prefecture whose parents a ...[more]

PMID: 34744093

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Project description:BackgroundEvidence on the long-term effect of breastfeeding on neurocognitive development is based almost exclusively on observational studies. In the 16-year follow-up study of a large, cluster-randomized trial of a breastfeeding promotion intervention, we evaluated the long-term persistence of the neurocognitive benefits of the breastfeeding promotion intervention previously observed at early school age.Methods and findingsA total of 13,557 participants (79.5% of the 17,046 randomized) of the Promotion of Breastfeeding Intervention Trial (PROBIT) were followed up at age 16 from September 2012 to July 2015. At the follow-up, neurocognitive function was assessed in 7 verbal and nonverbal cognitive domains using a computerized, self-administered test battery among 13,427 participants. Using an intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis as our prespecified primary analysis, we estimated cluster- and baseline characteristic-adjusted mean differences between the intervention (prolonged and exclusive breastfeeding promotion modelled on the Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative) and control (usual care) groups in 7 cognitive domains and a global cognitive score. In our prespecified secondary analysis, we estimated mean differences by instrumental variable (IV) analysis to account for noncompliance with the randomly assigned intervention and estimate causal effects of breastfeeding. The 16-year follow-up rates were similar in the intervention (79.7%) and control groups (79.3%), and baseline characteristics were comparable between the two. In the cluster-adjusted ITT analyses, children in the intervention group did not show statistically significant differences in the scores from children in the control group. Prespecified additional adjustment for baseline characteristics improved statistical precision and resulted in slightly higher scores among children in the intervention for verbal function (1.4 [95% CI 0.3-2.5]) and memory (1.2 [95% CI 0.01-2.4]). IV analysis showed that children who were exclusively breastfed for ≥3 (versus <3) months had a 3.5-point (95% CI 0.9-6.1) higher verbal function, but no differences were observed in other domains. While our computerized, self-administered cognitive testing reduced the cluster-level variability in the scores, it may have increased individual-level measurement errors in adolescents.ConclusionsWe observed no benefit of a breastfeeding promotion intervention on overall neurocognitive function. The only beneficial effect was on verbal function at age 16. The higher verbal ability is consistent with results observed at early school age; however, the effect size was substantially smaller in adolescence.Probit trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT01561612.

Project description:IntroductionThe admission of neonates to Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICUs) has been identified as a primary inhibiting factor in the establishment of breastfeeding. The aims of this study were to (1) estimate the prevalence and duration of breastfeeding in infants/toddlers who had been admitted to an NICU in Greece and (2) to investigate factors, associated with the NICU stay, which affected the establishment and maintenance of breastfeeding in infants/toddlers previously admitted to the NICU.Materials and methodsData for this cohort study were retrieved from interviews with mothers of infants/toddlers who had been admitted to our NICU as neonates during the period of 2017-2019. Interviews were conducted based on a questionnaire regarding the child's nutrition from birth to the day of the interview, including previous maternal experience with breastfeeding. Information related to the prenatal period, gestation age, delivery mode, duration of NICU stay, and neonatal feeding strategies during their hospital stay were recorded.ResultsThe response rate to the telephone interviews was 57%, resulting in 279 mother-infant pairs being included in this study. The results showed that 78.1% of children received maternal milk during their first days of life. Of all infants, 58.1% were exclusively breastfed during their first month, with a gradual decrease to 36.9% and 19.4% by the end of the third and sixth months of life, respectively. The prevalence of breastfed children reached 14.7% and 7.5% at the ages of twelve and eighteen months, respectively. In the multivariate analysis, prematurity emerged as an independent prognostic factor for the duration of exclusive and any breastfeeding (aHR 1.64, 95% CI: 1.03-2.62; and 1.69, 95% CI: 1.05-2.72, respectively; p < 0.05). Additionally, the nationality of the mother, NICU breastfeeding experience, the administration of maternal milk during neonatal hospital stay, and previous breastfeeding experience of the mother were independent prognostic factors for the duration of breastfeeding.ConclusionsAlthough breastfeeding is a top priority in our NICU, the exclusive-breastfeeding rates at 6 months were quite low for the hospitalized neonates, not reaching World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations. Mothers/families of hospitalized neonates should receive integrated psychological and practical breastfeeding support and guidance.

Project description:BackgroundThe Prevention of Overweight in Infancy (POI) randomized controlled trial assessed the effect of a more conventional food, physical activity, and breastfeeding intervention, with a more novel sleep intervention on weight outcomes at 2 years of age. The trial had 58% uptake at recruitment, and retention was 86% at age 2 years, 77% at age 3.5 years, and 69% at age 5 years. Children who received the brief sleep intervention in infancy had just half the risk of obesity at 2 years of age compared to those who did not receive the sleep intervention. Importantly, this substantially reduced risk was still apparent at our follow-up at 5 years of age.ObjectiveThe primary aim of this follow-up at age 11 years is to determine whether differences in BMI z-score and obesity risk remain apparent now that it is at least 9 years since cessation of the sleep intervention. Several secondary outcomes of interest will also be examined including 24-hour movement patterns, mental health and wellbeing, and use of electronic media, particularly prior to sleep.MethodsWe will seek renewed consent from all 734 of the original 802 POI families who expressed interest in further involvement. Children and parent(s) will attend 2 clinics and 1 home appointment to obtain measures of anthropometry and body composition (dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry scan), 24-hour movement patterns (sleep, sedentary time, and physical activity measured using an AX3 accelerometer), mental health and wellbeing (validated questionnaires), family functioning (validated questionnaires), use of electronic media (wearable and stationary cameras, questionnaires), and diet and eating behaviors (24-hour recall, questionnaires).ResultsThis follow-up study has full ethical approval from the University of Otago Human Ethics Committee (H19/109) and was funded in May 2019 by the Health Research Council of New Zealand (grant 19/346). Data collection commenced in June 2020, and first results are expected to be submitted for publication in 2022.ConclusionsLong-term outcomes of early obesity intervention are rare. Despite the growing body of evidence linking insufficient sleep with an increased risk of obesity in children, interventions targeting improvements in sleep have been insufficiently explored. Our initial follow-up at 5 years of age suggested that an early sleep intervention may have long-term benefits for effective weight management in children. Further analysis in our now preteen population will provide much-needed evidence regarding the long-term effectiveness of sleep interventions in infancy as an obesity prevention approach.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT00892983; https://tinyurl.com/y3xepvxf.International registered report identifier (irrid)DERR1-10.2196/24968.

Project description:BackgroundThere is a lack of large, nationwide, birth cohort studies in Japan that examine the relationships of initial feeding habits and breastfeeding period duration with offspring functional constipation at 3 years of age. This study assessed the impact of breastfeeding during infancy on early childhood functional constipation.MethodsThe fixed data of 70,078 singleton births from the ongoing Japan Environment and Children's Study cohort study that commenced in 2011 were used to identify functional constipation as estimated by Rome III at 3 years of age. The exposure variables were breastfeeding period duration until 12 months of age (never, up to 6 months, or ≥ 7 months) as well as breastfeeding status at 1 month and 6 months of age (breastfeeding exclusively, partial breastfeeding, or infant formula feeding only). Multiple logistic regression analysis was employed to search for correlations for functional constipation development with breastfeeding period duration until 12 months of age and breastfeeding status during infancy.ResultsWe identified 8,118 toddlers (11.6%) who met the Rome III criteria at 3 years of age. After controlling for potential covariates, a breastfeeding period duration of 7 months or more was inversely related to functional constipation development (≥ 7 months: adjusted odds ratio [OR] [95% confidence interval (CI)] 0.76 [0.65, 0.88] versus never breastfed, P for trend < 0.001). Other initial feeding methods were significantly related to an increased risk of functional constipation as compared with breastfeeding exclusively at 1 month of age (partial breastfeeding: adjusted OR [95% CI] 1.17 [1.11, 1.23], formula feeding only: 1.23 [1.07, 1.40]) and 6 months of age (partial breastfeeding: adjusted OR [95% CI] 1.18 [1.12, 1.24], formula feeding only: adjusted OR [95% CI] 1.42 [1.20, 1.68]).ConclusionThis large nationwide survey revealed a possible protective effect of a prolonged breastfeeding period duration and early exclusive breastfeeding in infancy on functional constipation at 3 years.

Dataset Information

Breastfeeding in Infancy in Relation to Subsequent Physical Size: A 20-year Follow-up of the Ibaraki Children's Cohort Study (IBACHIL).

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusion

Publications

Breastfeeding in Infancy in Relation to Subsequent Physical Size: A 20-year Follow-up of the Ibaraki Children's Cohort Study (IBACHIL).

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