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Activated Biocarbon from Paper Mill Sludge as Electrode Material for Supercapacitors: Comparative Performance Evaluation in Two Aqueous Electrolytes.

ABSTRACT: The valorization of a South African paper mill waste sludge into an activated biocarbon electrode material for energy storage application is reported. The valorization method is a two-step synthesis that comprises hydrothermal carbonization and NaOH activation of paper mill waste at 700 °C to produce activated biocarbon. The development of high porosity carbon material with a surface area of 1139 m²/g was observed. The synthesized biocarbon electrode exhibited good specific capacitance (C _sp) values of 206 and 157 Fg^-1, from a three-electrode cell in neutral (1 M Na₂SO₄) and alkali (3 M KOH) electrolytes, respectively. The electrolyte concentration purportedly has a considerable effect on specific capacitance. In both electrolytes, symmetric triangular curves in galvanostatic charge-discharge point to a quick charge-discharge process. Synthesized material testing with a two-electrode cell in 3 M KOH and 1 M Na₂SO₄ electrolytes, respectively, delivered specific capacitances of 125 and 152 Fg^-1, with the corresponding energy densities of 17.4 and 21.1 Wh kg^-1. The material had capacity retention efficiencies of 83 and 92% after 5000 cycles in 3 M KOH and 1 M Na₂SO₄ electrolytes, respectively. The electrode material performance of the activated biocarbon from paper sludge clearly shows its potential for electrochemical energy storage. The reported results present an exciting potential contribution of the pulp and paper industry toward the transition to green energy.

SUBMITTER: Abdulsalam J

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9933106 | biostudies-literature | 2023 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Activated Biocarbon from Paper Mill Sludge as Electrode Material for Supercapacitors: Comparative Performance Evaluation in Two Aqueous Electrolytes.

Abdulsalam Jibril J Otun Kabir K Gardee Nasreen N Patel Bilal B Leswifi Taile T Mathe Mahlanyane Kenneth MK

ACS omega 20230131 6

The valorization of a South African paper mill waste sludge into an activated biocarbon electrode material for energy storage application is reported. The valorization method is a two-step synthesis that comprises hydrothermal carbonization and NaOH activation of paper mill waste at 700 °C to produce activated biocarbon. The development of high porosity carbon material with a surface area of 1139 m<sup>2</sup>/g was observed. The synthesized biocarbon electrode exhibited good specific capacitanc ...[more]

PMID: 36816683

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Project description:BackgroundLignocellulosic biomasses produced from agriculture and forest-based industries are the cheapest or negative-cost biomass with a great potential for biotransformation to value-added bioproducts. Paper mill sludge, an important lignocellulosic biomass creates an environmental threat, which requires financial input for disposal. Thus, this study was aimed to isolate a novel bacterial strain capable of degrading cellulosic biomass including paper mill sludge to produce reducing sugar and other value-added bioproducts.ResultsA novel bacterial strain Arthrobacter woluwensis TDS9 isolated from the soil was screened for its cellulolytic activity using carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) as the sole carbon source. The incubation period, temperature, pH, carbon, and nitrogen sources are the most important factors ruling the CMCase and sugar productions of the strain A. woluwensis TDS9, and an alkaline pH (pH 8.0) led to enhanced sugar production up to 1100.09 μg/mL after 72 h of incubation at 25°C in a medium containing 1.5% CMC and 1.25% beef extract. The optimal conditions for maximum CMCase activity were defined, and the potassium ion boosted the CMCase activity up to 1.06 U/mL when the enzymatic reaction was performed for 30 min at 50°C and pH 8 using CMC as a substrate. Moreover, the strain A. woluwensis TDS9 produced 433.33 μg/mL reducing sugar from 1% pretreated paper mill sludge. Significant alterations in the structural arrangement of cellulosic fiber of paper mill sludge observed under microscope after each step of chemical treatment process helped for loosening the cellulose fibers and increased the saccharification for enzymatic hydrolysis. Endoglucanase IV (33 KDa) and beta-glucosidase II (53 KDa) were identified in crude enzyme based on the zymogram analysis and substrate specificity.ConclusionsThe research has for the first time proved that this A. woluwensis TDS9 strain can efficiently convert cellulose. Therefore, the strain TDS9 could be a potential candidate for cellulase production in an industrial biotransformation process of paper mill sludge to produce reducing sugar. This sugar stream can be further used as a substrate to produce biofuels and other organic acids using another microorganism, which represents a greener alternative to add value to the paper production helping paper mill industries.

Dataset Information

Activated Biocarbon from Paper Mill Sludge as Electrode Material for Supercapacitors: Comparative Performance Evaluation in Two Aqueous Electrolytes.

Publications

Activated Biocarbon from Paper Mill Sludge as Electrode Material for Supercapacitors: Comparative Performance Evaluation in Two Aqueous Electrolytes.

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