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Geometric Morphometric Analysis of Mandibular Symphysis Growth between 12 and 15 Years of Age in Class II Malocclusion Subjects.

ABSTRACT: The aim of the present paper was to evaluate the morphology changes of the mandibular symphysis (MS) in a longitudinal retrospective cohort of class II untreated subjects. The study sample included 120 subjects followed during normal growth and examined at the age of 12 (T0) and 15 (T1) years. MS was traced using two landmarks and ten sliding semi-landmarks. The acquired morphological data were processed via Procrustes superimposition that allowed to study variation and covariation in MS'form according to specific variables such as age, gender, and skeletal pattern. The first two principal components (PCs) described more than 90 % of the total morphological variation. Both types of form changes of the symphysis could be associated with the different skeletal vertical growth patterns. Age and sex did not interfere with the form of chin symphysis. Moreover, there was no significant covariation between initial MS morphology and form modifications. Clinicians should not expect to be faced with spontaneous changes of the form of the symphysis during the orthodontic treatment of adolescents.

SUBMITTER: Ruiz F

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9959364 | biostudies-literature | 2023 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Geometric Morphometric Analysis of Mandibular Symphysis Growth between 12 and 15 Years of Age in Class II Malocclusion Subjects.

Ruiz Ferdinando F Venezia Pietro P Ronsivalle Vincenzo V Lacagnina Calogero C Conforte Cristina C Isola Gaetano G Leonardi Rosalia R Lo Giudice Antonino A

Life (Basel, Switzerland) 20230215 2

The aim of the present paper was to evaluate the morphology changes of the mandibular symphysis (MS) in a longitudinal retrospective cohort of class II untreated subjects. The study sample included 120 subjects followed during normal growth and examined at the age of 12 (T0) and 15 (T1) years. MS was traced using two landmarks and ten sliding semi-landmarks. The acquired morphological data were processed via Procrustes superimposition that allowed to study variation and covariation in MS'form ac ...[more]

PMID: 36836899

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Project description:BackgroundThe purpose of this retrospective study was to evaluate the mandibular shape differences between a group of success and a group of failure Anterior Open Bite (AOB) malocclusion early orthodontic treatment in growing subjects, in order to identify mandibular features of relapse.MethodsTwenty three patients (7 males, 16 females, 9.3 years ±1,5 years) were enrolled from the Department of Orthodontics at the University of Rome Tor Vergata. Inclusion criteria were: white ancestry, overbite < 0 mm, mixed dentition phase, end-to-end or Class I molar relationship, first skeletal class assessed on lateral cephalograms (0° < ANB < 4°), cervical skeletal maturation CS1-CS2, no previous orthodontic treatment, no congenital diseases. Pre-treatment (T1) lateral cephalograms were acquired. Each patient underwent early orthodontic treatment with Rapid Maxillary Expander (RME) and Bite Block (BB) or Quad-Helix Crib (QHC) until open bite correction. Radiographic records were recollected at T2 (permanent dentition, skeletal cervical maturation CS3-CS4). Mean interval time T2-T1 was 4.2 years ±6 months. According to treatment stability, a Relapse Group (RG 11 patients, 3 M, 8F; 13.7 years ±8 months, 7 subjects treated with RME/BB, 4 with QH/C) and a Success Group (SG, 12 patients, 4 M, 8F; 13.4 ± 10 months, 7 subjects treated with QH/C, 5 with RME/BB) were identified. On the lateral radiographs the mandibular length (Co-Gn), the inferior gonial angle (NGo^GoMe) and the antegonial notch depth (AND) were analyzed. Then the mandibular Geometric Morphometric analysis (GMM) was applied. Intergroup statistically significant differences were found using student's t-tests. Procrustes analysis and principal component analysis (PCA) were performed for the GMM.ResultsAt T1 no statistically significant differences were found between RG and SG, however higher values of antegonial notch depth were found in RG. T2-T1 comparison showed in RG statistically significant increases in Co-Gn (p = 0.04), NGo^GoMe angle (p = 0.01) and antegonial notch depth (p = 0,04). PC1 confirmed the increase in the antegonial notch depth in RG when compared to SG at T2.ConclusionsThe increased antegonial notch depth associated with the increased mandibular length and the increased gonial angle could be responsible of relapse of early orthodontic treatment in open bite growing subjects.

Project description:IntroductionThe primary objective of this retrospective study was to document the normal variation of clinical mobility of the mandibular symphysis in dogs, and evaluate possible associations with breed, bodyweight, age, sex, and skull morphology. Secondarily, the radiographic appearance of the mandibular symphysis and possible associations with the analyzed data were also evaluated.MethodsMedical records of dogs that underwent anesthetic procedures for maxillofacial, oral and dental evaluation from April 2015 to December 2021 were included.Results567 dogs of 95 different breeds were included, with a total of 695 evaluations. Body weight ranged from 0.8 kg to 79 kg (median 14.4 kg) and age from 3 months to 16 years and 4 months (median 6 years and 9 months). Clinical mobility was evaluated under general anesthesia using a 0 to 3 scale, in lateromedial (LM) and dorsoventral (DV) directions. The symphysis was radiographically classified as being fused or open. The open symphyses were further radiographically divided in having parallel or divergent margins. At the time of the first evaluation DV mobility was 0 in 551 cases (97.2%) and 1 in 16 cases (2.8%). LM mobility was 0 in 401 cases (70.7%), 1 in 148 cases (26.1%) and 2 in 18 cases (3.2%). There was not a significant change in mobility over time for cases examined more than once (P= 0.76). All cases had an intraoral radiographic examination. 83.8% of the radiographs were included in the statistical analysis. Two symphyses (0.4%) were classified as fused and 473 (99.6%) as open, 355 (74.7%) having divergent margins and 118 (24.8%) parallel margins. Logistic regression models exploring factors that affected DV and LM mobility were statistically significant (P < 0.0001; P < 0.0001), with an increase in LM mobility predicting an increase in DV mobility, and vice versa. An increase in age and in bodyweight was associated with a decrease in mobility. There was no statistical difference in clinical mobility across specific breeds or sexes. Increased probability of a divergent symphysis and increased DV mobility was found to be associated with a brachycephalic conformation. The increase in LM mobility was comparatively higher in small brachycephalic breeds compared with larger brachycephalic breed.DiscussionThe majority of the cases showed little to no mobility of the mandibular symphysis and radiographically bony fusion can be rarely seen.

Project description:IntroductionThe primary objective of this retrospective study was to document the normal variation of clinical mobility of the mandibular symphysis in cats and possible associations with bodyweight, age, sex, sexual status, breed and skull morphology. Secondarily, the radiographic appearance of the mandibular symphysis and possible associations with the analyzed data were evaluated.Materials and methodsTwo hundred and sixteen cats of 15 different breeds that underwent maxillofacial, oral and dental procedures from April 2015 to December 2021 were included. Clinical mobility was evaluated under general anesthesia using a 0 to 3 scale in lateromedial (LM) and dorsoventral (DV) directions. The symphysis was radiographically classified on the occlusal radiographic view of the rostral mandibles as fused or open, and with parallel or divergent margins.ResultsBodyweight ranged from 2.2 to 12.5 kg (median 4.0 kg), age from 4 months to 17 years and 4 months (median 6 years and 4 months). At the first evaluation DV symphyseal mobility was 0 in 177 cases (82%), 1 in 32 cases (14.8%) and 2 in 7 cases (3.2%), LM mobility was 0 in 61 cases (28.3%), 1 in 110 cases (50.9%) and 2 in 45 cases (20.8%). 81.1% of the radiographs were included in the statistical analysis. Three symphyses (1.6%) were classified as fused and 190 (98.4%) as open, 129 (68.8%) having divergent margins and 61 (31.6%) parallel. One hundred and forty-eight cases (76.7%) did not show the presence of odontoclastic replacement resorption on the canine teeth (TR subgroup 1), 23 (11.9%) showed stage ≤3 lesions (TR subgroup 2) and 22 (11.4%) stage 4 lesions (TR subgroup 3). Logistic regression models exploring factors that affected DV and LM mobility were statistically significant (p < 0.0001; p < 0.0001) with an increase in LM mobility predicting an increase in DV mobility, and vice versa. An increase in DV mobility was associated with an increase in age and in having resorptive lesions. A decrease in LM symphyseal mobility was associated with being brachycephalic.ConclusionThe great majority of cases showed some degree of LM symphyseal mobility, and 18% showed DV mobility. Symphyseal bony fusion is rare but possible.

Dataset Information

Geometric Morphometric Analysis of Mandibular Symphysis Growth between 12 and 15 Years of Age in Class II Malocclusion Subjects.

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Geometric Morphometric Analysis of Mandibular Symphysis Growth between 12 and 15 Years of Age in Class II Malocclusion Subjects.

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