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The effects of emergency government cash transfers on beliefs and behaviours during the COVID pandemic: Evidence from Brazil.

ABSTRACT: This paper examines the impacts of emergency cash-transfers on individuals' social distancing behaviour and beliefs about COVID-19. We focus on the impacts of "Auxilio Emergencial" (AE): a large-scale cash-transfer in Brazil targeting low-income individuals who were unemployed or informally employed during the pandemic. To identify causal effects we exploit exogenous variation, arising from the AE design, in individuals' access to the cash-transfer programme. Using data from an online survey, our results suggest that eligibility to the emergency cash transfer led to a reduced likelihood of individuals contracting COVID-19, likely to have been driven by a reduction in working hours. Moreover, the cash transfer seems to have increased perceptions about the seriousness of coronavirus, while also exacerbating misconceptions about the pandemic. These findings indicate effects of emergency cash-transfers in determining individuals' narratives about a pandemic, in enabling social distancing and potentially in reducing the spread of the disease.

SUBMITTER: de Leon FLL

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9968470 | biostudies-literature | 2023 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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The effects of emergency government cash transfers on beliefs and behaviours during the COVID pandemic: Evidence from Brazil.

de Leon Fernanda L Lopez FLL Malde Bansi B McQuillin Ben B

Journal of economic behavior & organization 20230226

This paper examines the impacts of emergency cash-transfers on individuals' social distancing behaviour and beliefs about COVID-19. We focus on the impacts of "Auxilio Emergencial" (AE): a large-scale cash-transfer in Brazil targeting low-income individuals who were unemployed or informally employed during the pandemic. To identify causal effects we exploit exogenous variation, arising from the AE design, in individuals' access to the cash-transfer programme. Using data from an online survey, ou ...[more]

PMID: 36874911

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Project description:ImportanceWomen living in income-segregated areas are less likely to receive adequate breast cancer care and access community resources, which may heighten breast cancer mortality risk.ObjectiveTo investigate the association between income segregation and breast cancer mortality and whether this association is attenuated by receipt of the Bolsa Família program (BFP), the world's largest conditional cash-transfer program.Design, setting, and participantsThis cohort study was conducted using data from the 100 Million Brazilian Cohort, which were linked with nationwide mortality registries (2004-2015). Data were analyzed from December 2021 to June 2023. Study participants were women aged 18 to 100 years.ExposureWomen's income segregation (high, medium, or low) at the municipality level was obtained using income data from the 2010 Brazilian census and assessed using dissimilarity index values in tertiles (low [0.01-0.25], medium [0.26-0.32], and high [0.33-0.73]).Main outcomes and measuresThe main outcome was breast cancer mortality. Mortality rate ratios (MRRs) for the association of segregation with breast cancer deaths were estimated using Poisson regression adjusted for age, race, education, municipality area size, population density, area of residence (rural or urban), and year of enrollment. Multiplicative interactions of segregation and BFP receipt (yes or no) in the association with mortality (2004-2015) were assessed.ResultsData on 21 680 930 women (mean [SD] age, 36.1 [15.3] years) were analyzed. Breast cancer mortality was greater among women living in municipalities with high (adjusted MRR [aMRR], 1.18; 95% CI, 1.13-1.24) and medium (aMRR, 1.08; 95% CI, 1.03-1.12) compared with low segregation. Women who did not receive BFP had higher breast cancer mortality than BFP recipients (aMRR, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.12-1.22). By BFP strata, women who did not receive BFP and lived in municipalities with high income segregation had a 24% greater risk of death from breast cancer compared with those living in municipalities with low income segregation (aMRR, 1.24: 95% CI, 1.14-1.34); women who received BFP and were living in areas with high income segregation had a 13% higher risk of death from breast cancer compared with those living in municipalities with low income segregation (aMRR, 1.13; 95% CI, 1.07-1.19; P for interaction = .008). Stratified by the amount of time receiving the benefit, segregation (high vs low) was associated with an increase in mortality risk for women receiving BFP for less time but not for those receiving it for more time (<4 years: aMRR, 1.16; 95% CI, 1.07-1.27; 4-11 years: aMRR, 1.09; 95% CI, 1.00-1.17; P for interaction <.001).Conclusions and relevanceThese findings suggest that place-based inequities in breast cancer mortality associated with income segregation may be mitigated with BFP receipt, possibly via improved income and access to preventive cancer care services among women, which may be associated with early detection and treatment and ultimately reduced mortality.

Dataset Information

The effects of emergency government cash transfers on beliefs and behaviours during the COVID pandemic: Evidence from Brazil.

Publications

The effects of emergency government cash transfers on beliefs and behaviours during the COVID pandemic: Evidence from Brazil.

Similar Datasets

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