Dataset Information

Palaeogenomics of Upper Palaeolithic to Neolithic European hunter-gatherers.

ABSTRACT: Modern humans have populated Europe for more than 45,000 years^1,2. Our knowledge of the genetic relatedness and structure of ancient hunter-gatherers is however limited, owing to the scarceness and poor molecular preservation of human remains from that period³. Here we analyse 356 ancient hunter-gatherer genomes, including new genomic data for 116 individuals from 14 countries in western and central Eurasia, spanning between 35,000 and 5,000 years ago. We identify a genetic ancestry profile in individuals associated with Upper Palaeolithic Gravettian assemblages from western Europe that is distinct from contemporaneous groups related to this archaeological culture in central and southern Europe⁴, but resembles that of preceding individuals associated with the Aurignacian culture. This ancestry profile survived during the Last Glacial Maximum (25,000 to 19,000 years ago) in human populations from southwestern Europe associated with the Solutrean culture, and with the following Magdalenian culture that re-expanded northeastward after the Last Glacial Maximum. Conversely, we reveal a genetic turnover in southern Europe suggesting a local replacement of human groups around the time of the Last Glacial Maximum, accompanied by a north-to-south dispersal of populations associated with the Epigravettian culture. From at least 14,000 years ago, an ancestry related to this culture spread from the south across the rest of Europe, largely replacing the Magdalenian-associated gene pool. After a period of limited admixture that spanned the beginning of the Mesolithic, we find genetic interactions between western and eastern European hunter-gatherers, who were also characterized by marked differences in phenotypically relevant variants.

SUBMITTER: Posth C

PROVIDER: S-EPMC9977688 | biostudies-literature | 2023 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Palaeogenomics of Upper Palaeolithic to Neolithic European hunter-gatherers.

Posth Cosimo C Yu He H Ghalichi Ayshin A Rougier Hélène H Crevecoeur Isabelle I Huang Yilei Y Ringbauer Harald H Rohrlach Adam B AB Nägele Kathrin K Villalba-Mouco Vanessa V Radzeviciute Rita R Ferraz Tiago T Stoessel Alexander A Tukhbatova Rezeda R Drucker Dorothée G DG Lari Martina M Modi Alessandra A Vai Stefania S Saupe Tina T Scheib Christiana L CL Catalano Giulio G Pagani Luca L Talamo Sahra S Fewlass Helen H Klaric Laurent L Morala André A Rué Mathieu M Madelaine Stéphane S Crépin Laurent L Caverne Jean-Baptiste JB Bocaege Emmy E Ricci Stefano S Boschin Francesco F Bayle Priscilla P Maureille Bruno B Le Brun-Ricalens Foni F Bordes Jean-Guillaume JG Oxilia Gregorio G Bortolini Eugenio E Bignon-Lau Olivier O Debout Grégory G Orliac Michel M Zazzo Antoine A Sparacello Vitale V Starnini Elisabetta E Sineo Luca L van der Plicht Johannes J Pecqueur Laure L Merceron Gildas G Garcia Géraldine G Leuvrey Jean-Michel JM Garcia Coralie Bay CB Gómez-Olivencia Asier A Połtowicz-Bobak Marta M Bobak Dariusz D Le Luyer Mona M Storm Paul P Hoffmann Claudia C Kabaciński Jacek J Filimonova Tatiana T Shnaider Svetlana S Berezina Natalia N González-Rabanal Borja B González Morales Manuel R MR Marín-Arroyo Ana B AB López Belén B Alonso-Llamazares Carmen C Ronchitelli Annamaria A Polet Caroline C Jadin Ivan I Cauwe Nicolas N Soler Joaquim J Coromina Neus N Rufí Isaac I Cottiaux Richard R Clark Geoffrey G Straus Lawrence G LG Julien Marie-Anne MA Renhart Silvia S Talaa Dorothea D Benazzi Stefano S Romandini Matteo M Amkreutz Luc L Bocherens Hervé H Wißing Christoph C Villotte Sébastien S de Pablo Javier Fernández-López JF Gómez-Puche Magdalena M Esquembre-Bebia Marco Aurelio MA Bodu Pierre P Smits Liesbeth L Souffi Bénédicte B Jankauskas Rimantas R Kozakaitė Justina J Cupillard Christophe C Benthien Hartmut H Wehrberger Kurt K Schmitz Ralf W RW Feine Susanne C SC Schüler Tim T Thevenet Corinne C Grigorescu Dan D Lüth Friedrich F Kotula Andreas A Piezonka Henny H Schopper Franz F Svoboda Jiří J Sázelová Sandra S Chizhevsky Andrey A Khokhlov Aleksandr A Conard Nicholas J NJ Valentin Frédérique F Harvati Katerina K Semal Patrick P Jungklaus Bettina B Suvorov Alexander A Schulting Rick R Moiseyev Vyacheslav V Mannermaa Kristiina K Buzhilova Alexandra A Terberger Thomas T Caramelli David D Altena Eveline E Haak Wolfgang W Krause Johannes J

Nature 20230301 7950

Modern humans have populated Europe for more than 45,000 years<sup>1,2</sup>. Our knowledge of the genetic relatedness and structure of ancient hunter-gatherers is however limited, owing to the scarceness and poor molecular preservation of human remains from that period<sup>3</sup>. Here we analyse 356 ancient hunter-gatherer genomes, including new genomic data for 116 individuals from 14 countries in western and central Eurasia, spanning between 35,000 and 5,000 years ago. We identify a genetic ...[more]

PMID: 36859578

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Project description:In the Western Mediterranean, the Neolithic mainly developed and expanded during the sixth millennium BCE. In these early phases, it generally spread through the displacement of human groups, sometimes over long distances, as shown, for example, by the Impressa sites documented on the northern shores. These groups then settled new territories which they gradually appropriated and exploited. The question of their potential interaction with groups of Late Mesolithic hunter-gatherers living in the area prior to their arrival is therefore crucial. Were their encounters based on conflict and resistance or, on the contrary, on exchange and reciprocity? Many hypotheses have been put forward on this matter and many papers written. Before we can consider these potential interactions however, we must first ascertain that these different human groups really did meet-an implicit assumption in all these studies, which is, in reality, much less certain than one might think. The population density of the Late Mesolithic groups varied greatly throughout the Mediterranean, and it is possible that some areas were relatively devoid of human presence. Before any Neolithization scenarios can be considered, we must therefore first determine exactly which human groups were present in a given territory at a given time. The precise mapping of sites and the chronological modeling of their occupation enriches our understanding of the Neolithization process by allowing high-resolution regional models to be developed, which alone can determine the timing of potential interactions between Mesolithic and Neolithic groups. Various international research programs have recently produced several hundred new radiocarbon dates, based on selected samples from controlled contexts. The geochronological modelling of these data at the scale of the Western Mediterranean shows contrasting situations, probably related to different social and environmental processes. These results suggest that we should consider a varied range of Neolithization mechanisms, rather than uniform or even binary models.

Dataset Information

Palaeogenomics of Upper Palaeolithic to Neolithic European hunter-gatherers.

Publications

Palaeogenomics of Upper Palaeolithic to Neolithic European hunter-gatherers.

Similar Datasets

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