Calicivirus VP2 forms a portal to mediate endosome escape
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: david bhella
PROVIDER: EMPIAR-10193 | biostudies-other |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other
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Project description:The third open reading frame (ORF3) located at the 3' end of the genomic RNA of feline calicivirus (FCV) encodes a small (12.2-kDa) minor structural protein of 106 amino acids designated VP2. Point mutations and deletions were introduced into an infectious FCV cDNA clone in order to evaluate the functional importance of ORF3 and its encoded protein, VP2. Deletion of the entire ORF3 sequence was lethal for the virus, and evidence was found for strong selective pressure to produce the VP2 protein. Extended deletions in the 5' end and small deletions in the 3' end of ORF3, as well as the introduction of stop codons into the ORF3 sequence, were tolerated by the viral replication machinery, but infectious virus could not be recovered. Infectious virus particles could be rescued from a full-length FCV cDNA clone encoding a nonfunctional VP2 when VP2 was provided in trans from a eukaryotic expression plasmid. Our data indicate that VP2, a protein apparently unique to the caliciviruses, is essential for productive replication that results in the synthesis and maturation of infectious virions and that the ORF3 nucleotide sequence itself overlaps a cis-acting RNA signal at the genomic 3' end.
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Project description:Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) monitors random movements of fluorescent molecules in solution, giving information about the number and the size of for example nano-particles. The canine parvovirus VP2 structural protein as well as N-terminal deletion mutants of VP2 (-14, -23, and -40 amino acids) were fused to the C-terminus of the enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP). The proteins were produced in insect cells, purified, and analyzed by western blotting, confocal and electron microscopy as well as FCS. The non-truncated form, EGFP-VP2, diffused with a hydrodynamic radius of 17 nm, whereas the fluorescent mutants truncated by 14, 23 and 40 amino acids showed hydrodynamic radii of 7, 20 and 14 nm, respectively. These results show that the non-truncated EGFP-VP2 fusion protein and the EGFP-VP2 constructs truncated by 23 and by as much as 40 amino acids were able to form virus-like particles (VLPs). The fluorescent VLP, harbouring VP2 truncated by 23 amino acids, showed a somewhat larger hydrodynamic radius compared to the non-truncated EGFP-VP2. In contrast, the construct containing EGFP-VP2 truncated by 14 amino acids was not able to assemble into VLP-resembling structures. Formation of capsid structures was confirmed by confocal and electron microscopy. The number of fluorescent fusion protein molecules present within the different VLPs was determined by FCS. In conclusion, FCS provides a novel strategy to analyze virus assembly and gives valuable structural information for strategic development of parvovirus-like particles.
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Project description:After internalization into mammalian cells, the bacterial pathogen Salmonella enterica resides within a membrane-bound compartment, the Salmonella-containing vacuole (SCV). During its maturation process, the SCV interacts extensively with host cell endocytic compartments, especially late endosomes/lysosomes (LE/Lys) at later stages. These interactions are mediated by the activities of multiple bacterial and host cell proteins. Here, we show that the Salmonella type III effector PipB2 reorganizes LE/Lys compartments in mammalian cells. This activity results in the centrifugal extension of lysosomal glycoprotein-rich membrane tubules, known as Salmonella-induced filaments, away from the SCV along microtubules. Salmonella overexpressing pipB2 induce the peripheral accumulation of LE/Lys compartments, reducing the frequency of LE/Lys tubulation. Furthermore, ectopic expression of pipB2 redistributes LE/Lys, but not other cellular organelles, to the cell periphery. In coexpression studies, PipB2 can overcome the effects of dominant-active Rab7 or Rab34 on LE/Lys positioning. Deletion of a C-terminal pentapeptide motif of PipB2, LFNEF, prevents its peripheral targeting and effect on organelle positioning. The PipB2 homologue PipB does not possess this motif or the same biological activity as PipB2. Therefore, it seems that a divergence in the biological functions of these two effectors can be accounted for by sequence divergence in their C termini.
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Project description:Feline calicivirus Genome sequencing and assembly
| PRJNA728105 | ENA