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Negative-stained transmission electron microscopy of the nucleosome remodelling and deacetylase complex purified from murine erythroleukemia cells.

ABSTRACT:

SUBMITTER: Matthew John Jackman

PROVIDER: EMPIAR-10537 | biostudies-other |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other

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The Nucleosome Remodeling and Deacetylase Complex Has an Asymmetric, Dynamic, and Modular Architecture.

Low Jason K K JKK Silva Ana P G APG Sharifi Tabar Mehdi M Torrado Mario M Webb Sarah R SR Parker Benjamin L BL Sana Maryam M Smits Callum C Schmidberger Jason W JW Brillault Lou L Jackman Matthew J MJ Williams David C DC Blobel Gerd A GA Hake Sandra B SB Shepherd Nicholas E NE Landsberg Michael J MJ Mackay Joel P JP

Cell reports 20201201 9

The nucleosome remodeling and deacetylase (NuRD) complex is essential for metazoan development but has been refractory to biochemical analysis. We present an integrated analysis of the native mammalian NuRD complex, combining quantitative mass spectrometry, cross-linking, protein biochemistry, and electron microscopy to define the architecture of the complex. NuRD is built from a 2:2:4 (MTA, HDAC, and RBBP) deacetylase module and a 1:1:1 (MBD, GATAD2, and Chromodomain-Helicase-DNA-binding [CHD]) ...[more]

PMID: 33264611

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Negative-stained transmission electron microscopy of the nucleosome and deacetylase complex purified from murine erythroleukemia cells.

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Stoichiometry of Nucleosome Remodelling and Deacetylase (NuRD) complex

Project description:The Nucleosome Remodeling and Deacetylase (NuRD) complex is essential for development in complex animals but has been refractory to detailed analysis because of its low abundance and resistance to recombinant production. As part of a larger project, absolute quantification using isotopically-labelled AQUA peptides was performed on natively-purified NuRD and six recombinantly-expressed NuRD subcomplexes. This is the first time the NuRD complex has been quantified using the AQUA strategy.

2021-01-08 | PXD010110 | Pride

Refinement of the subunit interaction network within the nucleosome remodelling and deacetylase (NuRD) complex.

Project description:The nucleosome remodelling and deacetylase (NuRD) complex is essential for the development of complex animals. NuRD has roles in regulating gene expression and repairing damaged DNA. The complex comprises at least six proteins with two or more paralogues of each protein routinely identified when the complex is purified from cell extracts. To understand the structure and function of NuRD, a map of direct subunit interactions is needed. Dozens of published studies have attempted to define direct inter-subunit connectivities. We propose that conclusions reported in many such studies are in fact ambiguous for one of several reasons. First, the expression of many NuRD subunits in bacteria is unlikely to lead to folded, active protein. Second, interaction studies carried out in cells that contain endogenous NuRD complex can lead to false positives through bridging of target proteins by endogenous components. Combining existing information on NuRD structure with a protocol designed to minimize false positives, we report a conservative and robust interaction map for the NuRD complex. We also suggest a 3D model of the complex that brings together the existing data on the complex. The issues and strategies discussed herein are also applicable to the analysis of a wide range of multi-subunit complexes.Micrococcal nuclease (MNase), EC 3.1.31.1; histone deacetylase (HDAC), EC 3.5.1.98.

| S-EPMC5734987 | biostudies-literature

Interfacing Microfluidics with Negative Stain Transmission Electron Microscopy.

Project description:A microfluidic platform is presented for preparing negatively stained grids for use in transmission electron microscopy (EM). The microfluidic device is composed of glass etched with readily fabricated features that facilitate the extraction of the grid poststaining and maintains the integrity of the sample. Utilization of this device simultaneously reduced environmental contamination on the grids and improved the homogeneity of the heavy metal stain needed to enhance visualization of biological specimens as compared to conventionally prepared EM grids. This easy-to-use EM grid preparation device provides the basis for future developments of systems with more integrated features, which will allow for high-throughput and dynamic structural biology studies.

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SIRT6 exhibits nucleosome-dependent deacetylase activity.

Project description:The SIRT6 deacetylase is a key regulator of mammalian genome stability, metabolism and lifespan. Previous studies indicated that SIRT6 exhibits poor deacetylase activity in vitro. Here, we explored the specific conditions that allow SIRT6 to function as a significant deacetylase. We show that SIRT6 associates with the nucleosome and deacetylates histones H3 and H4 when they are packaged as nucleosomes, but not as free histones. In contrast, SIRT1 shows the opposite characteristics. Thus, our results show that SIRT6 activity is nucleosome dependent, and suggest that its binding to the nucleosome might convert it into an active structure.

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The methyl binding domain 3/nucleosome remodelling and deacetylase complex regulates neural cell fate determination and terminal differentiation in the cerebral cortex.

Project description:BackgroundChromatin-modifying complexes have key roles in regulating various aspects of neural stem cell biology, including self-renewal and neurogenesis. The methyl binding domain 3/nucleosome remodelling and deacetylation (MBD3/NuRD) co-repressor complex facilitates lineage commitment of pluripotent cells in early mouse embryos and is important for stem cell homeostasis in blood and skin, but its function in neurogenesis had not been described. Here, we show for the first time that MBD3/NuRD function is essential for normal neurogenesis in mice.ResultsDeletion of MBD3, a structural component of the NuRD complex, in the developing mouse central nervous system resulted in reduced cortical thickness, defects in the proper specification of cortical projection neuron subtypes and neonatal lethality. These phenotypes are due to alterations in PAX6+ apical progenitor cell outputs, as well as aberrant terminal neuronal differentiation programmes of cortical plate neurons. Normal numbers of PAX6+ apical neural progenitor cells were generated in the MBD3/NuRD-mutant cortex; however, the PAX6+ apical progenitor cells generate EOMES+ basal progenitor cells in reduced numbers. Cortical progenitor cells lacking MBD3/NuRD activity generate neurons that express both deep- and upper-layer markers. Using laser capture microdissection, gene expression profiling and chromatin immunoprecipitation, we provide evidence that MBD3/NuRD functions to control gene expression patterns during neural development.ConclusionsOur data suggest that although MBD3/NuRD is not required for neural stem cell lineage commitment, it is required to repress inappropriate transcription in both progenitor cells and neurons to facilitate appropriate cell lineage choice and differentiation programmes.

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Dynamics of nucleosome remodelling by individual ACF complexes.

Project description:The ATP-dependent chromatin assembly and remodelling factor (ACF) functions to generate regularly spaced nucleosomes, which are required for heritable gene silencing. The mechanism by which ACF mobilizes nucleosomes remains poorly understood. Here we report a single-molecule FRET study that monitors the remodelling of individual nucleosomes by ACF in real time, revealing previously unknown remodelling intermediates and dynamics. In the presence of ACF and ATP, the nucleosomes exhibit gradual translocation along DNA interrupted by well-defined kinetic pauses that occurred after approximately seven or three to four base pairs of translocation. The binding of ACF, translocation of DNA and exiting of translocation pauses are all ATP-dependent, revealing three distinct functional roles of ATP during remodelling. At equilibrium, a continuously bound ACF complex can move the nucleosome back-and-forth many times before dissociation, indicating that ACF is a highly processive and bidirectional nucleosome translocase.

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Nucleosome-Chd1 structure and implications for chromatin remodelling.

Project description:Chromatin-remodelling factors change nucleosome positioning and facilitate DNA transcription, replication, and repair. The conserved remodelling factor chromodomain-helicase-DNA binding protein 1(Chd1) can shift nucleosomes and induce regular nucleosome spacing. Chd1 is required for the passage of RNA polymerase IIthrough nucleosomes and for cellular pluripotency. Chd1 contains the DNA-binding domains SANT and SLIDE, a bilobal motor domain that hydrolyses ATP, and a regulatory double chromodomain. Here we report the cryo-electron microscopy structure of Chd1 from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae bound to a nucleosome at a resolution of 4.8 Å. Chd1 detaches two turns of DNA from the histone octamer and binds between the two DNA gyres in a state poised for catalysis. The SANT and SLIDE domains contact detached DNA around superhelical location (SHL) -7 of the first DNA gyre. The ATPase motor binds the second DNA gyre at SHL +2 and is anchored to the N-terminal tail of histone H4, as seen in a recent nucleosome-Snf2 ATPase structure. Comparisons with published results reveal that the double chromodomain swings towards nucleosomal DNA at SHL +1, resulting in ATPase closure. The ATPase can then promote translocation of DNA towards the nucleosome dyad, thereby loosening the first DNA gyre and remodelling the nucleosome. Translocation may involve ratcheting of the two lobes of the ATPase, which is trapped in a pre- or post-translocation state in the absence or presence, respectively, of transition state-mimicking compounds.

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Crosslinking MS to elucidate the Architecture of the Nucleosome Remodelling and Deacetylase (NuRD) complex

Project description:The Nucleosome Remodeling and Deacetylase (NuRD) complex is essential for development in complex animals but has been refractory to detailed analysis because of its low abundance and resistance to recombinant production. In combination with other techniques, crosslinking mass spectrometry was used to elucidate the structure of the Nucleosome Remodelling and Deacetylase (NuRD) complex. Natively-purified NuRD, and four recombinantly-expressed NuRD subcomplexes, and a PWWP2A-MTA-HDAC-RBBP alternative ‘NuRD-like’ complex were subjected to crosslinking with DSS, ADH, BS3 and DMTMM.

2021-01-08 | PXD010111 | Pride

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