Microbiota modulate immune cell populations and drive dynamic structural changes in gut - associated lymphoid tissue
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ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus (mouse)
SUBMITTER:
PROVIDER: S-BSST1817 | biostudies-other |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other
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Project description:Gut dysbiosis is associated with colitis-associated colorectal carcinogenesis, and the genetic deficiency of the Muc2 gene causes spontaneous development of colitis and colorectal cancer. Whether there are changes of gut microbiota and a linkage between the changes of microbiota and intestinal pathology in Muc2-/- mice are unclear. Muc2-/- and Muc2+/+ mice were generated by backcrossing from Muc2+/- mice, and the fecal samples were collected at different dates (48th, 98th, 118th, 138th, and 178th day). Gut microbiota were analyzed by high-throughput sequencing with the universal 16S rRNA primers (V3⁻V5 region). All mice were sacrificed at day 178 to collect colonic tissue and epithelial cells for the analysis of histopathology and inflammatory cytokines. On the 178th day, Muc2-/- mice developed colorectal chronic colitis, hyperplasia, adenomas and adenocarcinomas, and inflammatory cytokines (e.g., cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin 1 β (IL-1β), i-kappa-B-kinase β (IKKβ)) were significantly increased in colonic epithelial cells of Muc2-/- mice. In general, structural segregation of gut microbiota was observed throughout the experimental time points between the Muc2-/- and Muc2+/+ mice. Impressively, in Muc2-/- mice, Alpha diversities reflected by Shannon and Chao indexes were higher, the phylum of Firmicutes was enriched and Bacteroidetes was decreased, and Desulfovibrio, Escherichia, Akkermansia, Turicibacter, and Erysipelotrichaceae were significantly increased, but Lactobacilli and Lachnospiraceae were significantly decreased. Moreover, the abundance of Ruminococcaceae and butyrate-producing bacteria was significantly higher in the Muc2-/- mice. There were significant differences of gut microbiota between Muc2-/- and Muc2+/+ mice. The dynamic changes of microbiota might contribute to the development of colitis and colitis-associated colorectal carcinogenesis. Therefore, this study revealed specific functional bacteria in the development of colitis and colitis-associated colorectal carcinogenesis, which will benefit the development of preventive and therapeutic strategies for chronic inflammation and its malignant transformation.
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Project description:BackgroundImmune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have been a breakthrough in cancer immunotherapy, but secondary resistance (SR) and immune-related adverse events (irAEs) are significant clinical dilemmas. Although the gut microbiota is associated with ICI efficacy and irAEs, the knowledge of longitudinal gut microbiota dynamics during SR and irAE development is still quite limited.MethodsThis was a prospective observational cohort study of cancer patients initially receiving anti-programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) treatment between May 2020 and October 2022. Clinical information was collected to evaluate therapy response and AEs. Patients were divided into a secondary resistance (SR) group, a non-secondary resistance (NSR) group, and an irAE group. Fecal samples were longitudinally obtained from baseline across multiple timepoints and analyzed with 16S rRNA sequencing.ResultsThirty-five patients were enrolled, and 29 were evaluable. After a median follow-up of 13.3 months, NSR patients had a favorable progression-free survival (PFS) compared with SR (457.9 IQR 241.0-674.0 days vs. 141.2 IQR 116.9-165.4 days, P=0.003) and irAE patients (457.9 IQR 241.0-674.0 days vs. 269.9, IQR 103.2-436.5 days, P=0.053). There were no significant differences in the microbiota between groups at baseline. Several previously reported beneficial microbiomes for ICI efficacy including Lachnospiraceae, Ruminococcaceae, Agathobacter, and Faecalibacterium showed decreasing trends as secondary resistance developed, yet not achieved significance (P>0.05). Significant changes in butyrate-producing bacteria were also presented in the SR cohort (P=0.043) with a decreasing trend upon secondary resistance occurrence (P=0.078). While the abundance of IgA-coated bacteria was stable in the SR cohort, there was a temporary decrease upon ICI treatment initiation and reestablishment after continuation of ICI treatment in the NSR cohort (primary ICI response: 0.06, IQR 0.04-0.10; durable ICI response: 0.11, IQR 0.07-0.14; P=0.042). Bacteroides contributed most to the difference between baseline and irAE occurrence, which decreased after irAE occurrence (Baseline: 0.10 IQR 0.07-0.36; irAE occurrence: 0.08 IQR 0.06-0.12) and was restored upon irAE remission to a comparable level as baseline (irAE remission: 0.10 IQR 0.09-0.18).ConclusionsThe development of SR and irAEs is related to the longitudinal dynamics of the intestinal microbiota. The investigation into the preventative and protective effects of enteric microbe manipulation strategies is further required.
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