IRAN: Scat identification and diet analysis of cheetahs in Iran
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ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): faecal DNA
SUBMITTER: Bastian Egeter
PROVIDER: S-BSST455 | biostudies-other |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other
Similar Datasets
Project description:IRAN: Scat identification and diet analysis of cheetahs in Iran
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Project description:Background:Cystic fibrosis (CF) is one of the most common autosomal recessive disorders in Caucasian population. The incidence of disorder varies among different religious, ethnic and geographical isolates. The aim of this study was to identify the spectrum and the frequency of known and unknown disease-causing mutations in Iranian CF patients. Methods:Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral whole blood with a QIAamp DNA Mini-Kit. Mutation analysis was done in the CFTR gene including complete coding region and intron/exon boundaries using a direct sequencing method. Results:In general, ten mutations were identified in 27 CF cases. Two out of 10 mutations, 754delT and GGTGGCdel/TTGins, were reported as novel mutations. The most common observed mutations in patients were R334W (40.74%), ?F508 (18.5%), K710X (12.96%) and D110H (5.5%), 1897C>G (1.85%), R1162X (1.85%), S466X (1.85%) and T1036I (1.85%). Conclusion:The finding indicated a unique mutation panel which can be used in genetic counseling, prenatal diagnosis and future screening of CF in Iran. Although ?F508 is the most common mutation in other populations including Caucasian, this mutation seem not to have an important role in Iranian CF patients. Findings suggest that a different approach in molecular genetics diagnostic strategies in Middle Eastern countries including Iran should be considered.
| S-EPMC5960049 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Chronic bee paralysis virus (CBPV) is an unclassified polymorphic single-stranded RNA virus. Among the viruses infecting honeybees, CBPV is known to induce significant losses in honeybee colonies. In this study, a total number of eighty-nine suspected apiaries from four regions of Iran (including Mazandaran, Khorasan Razavi, Hormozgan, and Kurdistan) were sampled and submitted for molecular identification. Three positive samples were detected by RT-PCR. All positive samples were confirmed by sequencing. The phylogenetic tree which displays the molecular relationship between the viruses of different Iranian geographic regions and references isolates was constructed. The Iranian isolates formed two distinct phylogenetic groups (Group 1 and Group 2). The IR-CPV-GMG-1, IR-CPV-GMG-2, IR-CPV-GMG-4, and IR-CPV-GMG-6 formed Group 1 and IR-CPV-GMG-3, IR-CPV-GMG-5, and IR-CPV-GMG-7 were in Group 2 as a distinct group. Iranian isolates in group 1 were similar to European and East Asian CBPVs. This research was the first phylogenetic analysis of CBPV in Iran. Further researches are needed to study the other aspects of this virus-like genetic characteristics and pathogenesis in Iran.
| S-EPMC5756247 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundDecreasing calories, salt, sugar and fat intake is considered the golden solution to reduce obesity and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) related to unhealthy diet. This study aimed to investigate the health system induced barriers to a healthy diet in Iran.MethodsThis is a qualitative health policy analysis. We collected data through 30 semi-structured, face-to-face interviews with purposefully identified experts, including policy-makers, top-level managers and related stakeholders. All interviews were transcribed verbatim, and analyzed with qualitative content analysis, facilitated by MAXQDA 11 software.ResultsWe identified six categories of barriers: structural problems within the Ministry of Health and Medical Education (MoHME), i.e. Supreme Council of Health and Food Security (SCHFS); the MoHME's inadequate stewardship of public health, the short life of the deputy of social affairs within the MoHME and its possible impact on the National Health Assembly; inefficient traffic lights labelling for foods; lack of adequate policies and guidelines for monitoring restaurants and fast foods and insufficient incentive policies for the food industry.ConclusionIn line with the World Health Organization (WHO) Global Action Plan, in 2015, Iran defined its roadmap for prevention and control of NCDs, i.e. some nutritional interventions. However, different stakeholders including MoHME and other sectors need to provide series of interventions to change people's approach about food choice so that they might reduce the consumption of foods with excessive salt, fat and sugar.
| S-EPMC9879474 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Contagious ecthyma is a highly contagious disease affecting domestic and wild ruminants such as sheep, goats and camels. The identification and characterisation of a parapoxvirus (PPV) infecting camels is described here. The virus was detected in dromedary camels (Camelus dromedarius) from Kerman and Shiraz in Iran. PPV-specific amplification by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) further confirmed that the disease was associated with PPV infection. Phylogenetic analysis of ORF011 (B2L) gene sequences showed 99.79% and 82.13% similarity of the PPV identified in this study with the Jodhpur isolate and the bovine papular stomatitis virus (BPSV) isolates (CE41), respectively. Moreover, phylogenetic analysis of the ORF045 gene indicated that the Shiraz sample was in all probability closely related to VR634 and to F00.120R and PCPV776. In conclusion, the results suggest that camel PPV (CPPV) is a likely cause of contagious ecthyma in dromedary camels in Iran.
| S-EPMC6238784 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:By using advanced detection/identification methods, the list of emerging uncommon opportunistic yeast infections is rapidly expanding worldwide. Our aim in the present study was sequence-based species delineation of previously unidentified yeasts obtained from a clinically yeast collection. MATERIALS AND METHODS:A total of twenty three out of the 855 (5.7%) yeast isolates which formerly remained unidentified by PCR-RFLP method, were subjected to sequence analysis of the entire internal transcribed spacers (ITS) regions of rDNA. The precise species recognition was performed by the comparison of the sequences with the reliable GenBank database. RESULTS:Sequencing analysis of the ITS region of the strains revealed several uncommon yeasts that were not reported previously in Iran. The species include Hanseniaspora uvarum, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Sporidiobolus salmonicolor, Pichia fabianii, Pichia fermentans, Candida famata, Candida inconspicua, Candida maqnoliae, Candida guilliermondii, Candida kefyr, Candida rugosa, Candida lusitaniae, Candida orthopsilosis, and Candida viswanathii. CONCLUSION:We identified several rare clinical isolates selected from a big collection at the species level by ITS-sequencing. As the list of yeast species as opportunistic human fungal infections is increasing dramatically, and many isolates remain unidentified using conventional methods, more sensitive and specific advanced approaches help us to clarify the aspects of microbial epidemiology of the yeast infections.
| S-EPMC5490306 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BACKGROUND:Ovine babesiosis is the most important haemoparasitic tick-borne disease of small ruminants in Iran caused by Babesia ovis, B. motasi, and B. crassa. The aim of this study was to characterize the species of ovine Babesia species isolated from different geographical region of Iran. METHODS:One hundred fifty four blood samples collected from animals, which demonstrated the pale mucous membranes or hyperthermia. The specimens were transferred to the laboratory and the blood smears stained with Geimsa, the morphological and biometrical data of parasite in any infected erythrocyte have been considered. Extracted DNA from each blood samples were used in PCR and semi nested- PCR in order to confirm the presence of the species. RESULTS:Microscopical observation on 154 blood smears determined 38 (24.67%) and 40 (26%) samples were infected by Babesia and Theileria respectively. The mixed infections occurred in four (2.6%) samples. The results of the PCR assays showed nine (5.85%), 81 (53%) and 18 (11.7%) were distinguished as Babesia, Theileria and mixed infection, respectively. Semi nested- PCR did not confirm the presence of B. motasi. CONCLUSION:The causative organism of many cases of haemoprotozoal diseases, which recorded in previous studies, could be B. ovis or Theileria lestoquardi. The result confirmed that B. ovis was only species which causes babesiosis in the study areas. It seems that the biometrical polymorphisms could exist in B. ovis in Iran. This polymorphism could be a main problem in differentiation between B. ovis and B. motasi and it could be dissolved by specific PCR analysis.
| S-EPMC3279853 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Sarcocystis is a genus of cyst-forming parasites infecting both animals and human. This study aimed to isolate coccidian tissue cysts from muscle of infected animals by a simple method in addition to molecular identification of Sarcocystis cruzi from the samples. The samples were obtained from commercial source in Babol, Northern Iran. Five grams of calf muscle was cut into 2-3 pieces in 30 ml of phosphate-buffered saline containing 0.1% Tween 80 and homogenized with IKA T25, DIGITAL ULTRA-TURRAX. The homogenate was filtrated twice and used for microscopy examination and molecular analysis. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and partial sequence analysis of the 18S ribosomal gene were used to identify the Sarcocystis species. Giemsa stain of the filtrated calf muscle samples showed that the sample had ellipse to around tissue cysts contained crescent-shaped bodies. The PCR of the 18SrDNA yielded an 1100 bp DNA band on agarose gel and sequence analysis of the DNA confirmed the isolate as S. cruzi. The sequence was deposited in GenBank by Accession No.KC508514. This is the first molecular identification of an isolate of S. cruzi in Iran.
| S-EPMC3920535 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Background and Purpose:Rhinosinusitis is a common disorder, influencing approximately 20% of the population at some time of their lives. It was recognized and reported with expanding recurrence over the past two decades worldwide. Undoubtedly, correct diagnosis of fungi in patients with fungal rhinosinusitis affects the treatment planning and prognosis of the patients. Identification of the causative agents using the standard mycological procedures remains difficult and time-consuming. Materials and Methods:Based on clinical and radiological parameters, 106 patients suspected of fungal rhinosinusitis were investigated in this cross-sectional prospective study from April 2012 to March 2016 at an otorhinolaryngology department. In this study, internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and calmodulin (CaM) sequencing were respectively validated as reliable techniques for the identification of Mucorales and Aspergillus to species level (both agents of fungal rhinosinusitis). Results:Of these, 63 (59.4%) patients were suspected of allergic fungal rhinosinusitis (AFRS), 40 (37.7%) patients suspected of acute invasive fungal rhinosinusitis (AIFRS), and 3 (2.8%) patients suspected of mycetoma. In patients suspected of AFRS, AIFRS, and mycetoma only 7, 29, and 1 had positive fungal culture, respectively. After ITS and CaM sequencing, Aspergillus flavus was the most common species isolated from non-invasive forms, and A. flavus and Rhizopus oryzae were more frequently isolated from invasive forms. Conclusion:Aspergillus flavus is the most common agent of fungal rhinosinusitis in Iran, unlike most other reports from throughout the world stating that A. fumigatus is the most frequent causative agent of this disease.
| S-EPMC5914920 | biostudies-literature