Strongylus vulgaris and S. edentatus ITS2 sequences
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Strongylus edentatus Strongylus vulgaris
SUBMITTER:
PROVIDER: S-BSST923 | biostudies-other |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other
Similar Datasets
Project description:Northern German Theodoxus fluviatilis population structure based on ITS2 phylogenetic markger gene study
| PRJEB35349 | ENA
Project description:BACKGROUND:Marker gene surveys have a wide variety of applications in species identification, population genetics, and molecular epidemiology. As these methods expand to new types of organisms and additional markers beyond 16S and 18S rRNA genes, comprehensive databases are a critical requirement for proper analysis of these data. RESULTS:Here we present an ITS2 rDNA database for marker gene surveys of both free-living and parasitic nematode populations and the software used to build the database. This is currently the most complete and up-to-date ITS2 database for nematodes and is able to reproduce previous analysis that used a smaller database. CONCLUSIONS:This database is an important resource for researchers working on nematodes and also provides a tool to create ITS2 databases for any given taxonomy.
| S-EPMC7350610 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The two internal transcribed spacers (ITS1 and ITS2) of nuclear ribosomal DNA have become commonly exploited sources of informative variation for interspecific-/intergeneric-level phylogenetic analyses among angiosperms and other eukaryotes. We present an alignment in which one-third to one-half of the ITS2 sequence is alignable above the family level in angiosperms and a phenetic analysis showing that ITS2 contains information sufficient to diagnose lineages at several hierarchical levels. Base compositional analysis shows that angiosperm ITS2 is inherently GC-rich, and that the proportion of T is much more variable than that for other bases. We propose a general model of angiosperm ITS2 secondary structure that shows common pairing relationships for most of the conserved sequence tracts. Variations in our secondary structure predictions for sequences from different taxa indicate that compensatory mutation is not limited to paired positions.
| S-EPMC146035 | biostudies-other
Project description:BACKGROUND:DNA barcoding can be used to authenticate Ganoderma species for safe use. This study aims to identify commercial products containing Ganoderma using DNA barcoding. METHODS:We used 63 internal transcribed spacer (ITS) 2 sequences of Ganoderma species from 33 newly-sequenced wild samples, crude drugs, mycelia, spores, and authentic extracts and spore oils collected from various locations and markets, as well as 30 sequences from GenBank. Sequences were assembled and aligned using CodonCode Aligner V3.71. Intra- and inter-specific distances were estimated by MEGA 6.0, and phylogeny reconstruction was based on the K2P model. SNP(s) and RNA secondary structure of ITS2 were analyzed and compared among closely related Ganoderma species. RESULTS:G. lucidum cultivated in China was different from those cultivated in Europe. "Chizhi" (G. lucidum) and "Zizhi" (G. sinense) were clustered into two clades that were separated from the other Ganoderma species. The fruiting bodies and commercial products of G. lucidum and G. sinense were successfully distinguished from those of other Ganoderma species by comparing the ITS2 sequences and RNA secondary structures. CONCLUSION:The DNA barcoding method is applicable to the authentication of commercial products containing Ganoderma species.
| S-EPMC4543481 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Compensatory base changes (CBCs) in internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) rDNA secondary structures correlate with Ernst Mayr's biological species concept. This hypothesis also referred to as the CBC species concept recently was subjected to large-scale testing, indicating two distinct probabilities. (1) If there is a CBC then there are two different species with a probability of ?0.93. (2) If there is no CBC then there is the same species with a probability of ?0.76. In ITS2 research, however, the main problem is the multicopy nature of ITS2 sequences. Most recently, 454 pyrosequencing data have been used to characterize more than 5000 intragenomic variations of ITS2 regions from 178 plant species, demonstrating that mutation of ITS2 is frequent, with a mean of 35 variants per species, respectively per individual organism. In this study, using those 454 data, the CBC criterion is reconsidered in the light of intragenomic variability, a proof of concept, a necessary criterion, expecting no intragenomic CBCs in variant ITS2 copies. In accordance with the CBC species concept, we could demonstrate that the probability that there is no intragenomic CBC is ?0.99.
| S-EPMC3691174 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Mycorrhizal fungi, quenda and marri
| PRJNA432875 | ENA
Project description:The production of heather (Calluna vulgaris) in Germany is highly dependent on cultivars with mutated flower morphology, the so-called diplocalyx bud bloomers. So far, this unique flower type of C. vulgaris has not been reported in any other plant species. The flowers are characterised by an extremely extended flower attractiveness, since the flower buds remain closed throughout the complete flowering season. The flowers of C. vulgaris bud bloomers are male sterile, because the stamens are missing. Furthermore, petals are converted into sepals. Therefore the diplocalyx bud bloomer flowers consist of two whorls of sepals directly followed by the gynoecium. A broad comparison of wild type and bud bloomer’s flowers was undertaken to identify genes differentially expressed in the bud flowering phenotype and in the wild type of C. vulgaris. Transcriptome sequence reads were generated using next generation 454 sequencing of two flower type specific cDNA libraries. In total, 360,000 sequence reads were obtained, assembled to 12,200 contigs, functionally mapped, and annotated. Transcript abundances in wild type and bud bloomer’s libraries were compared and 365 differentially expressed genes detected. Among these differentially genes, CvPI was identified which is the orthologue of the Arabidopsis B gene PISTILLATA (PI) and considered as the most promising candidate gene. Quantitative PCR was performed to analyse the gene expression levels of two C. vulgaris B genes CvPI and CvAP3 in both flower types. CvAP3 which is the orthologue of the Arabidopsis B gene APETALA (AP3) turned out to be ectopically expressed in sepals of wild type and bud bloomer flowers. CvPI expression was proven to be reduced in the flowers of bud blooming cultivars. Differential expression patterns of the B-class genes CvAP3 and CvPI were identified to cause characteristics of flower morphology in C. vulgaris wild type and bud blooming flowers leading to the following hypotheses: ectopic expression of CvAP3 is a convincing explanation for the formation of a completely petaloid perianth in the wild type and the “bud flowering” phenotype. In C. vulgaris, CvPI is essential for determination of petal and stamen identity. The characteristic transition of petals into sepals potentially depends on the observed deficiency of CvPI and CvAP3 expression in bud blooming flowers. However, the complete loss of stamens in bud blooming flowers remains to be explained.
2015-01-26 | GSE60105 | GEO
Project description:BackgroundPhalaris species (Poaceae) occupy diverse environments throughout all continents except Antarctica. Phalaris arundinacea is an important forage, ornamental, wetland restoration and biofuel crop grown globally as well as being a wetland invasive. The nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region has been used for Phalaris barcoding as a DNA region with high nucleotide diversity for Phalaris species identification. Recent findings that P. arundinacea populations in Minnesota USA are most likely native and not European prompted this analysis to determine whether Eurasian vs. native North American P. arundinacea differed in ITS regions. Our objectives were to amplify and compare ITS regions (ITS1 and ITS2) of historic herbaria (1882-2001) and extant (fresh) Phalaris specimens; analyze ITS regions for species-specific polymorphisms (diagnostic SNPs) and compare ITS regions of historic Phalaris specimens with known, extant Phalaris species.ResultsWe obtained complete ITS1 and ITS2 sequences from 31 Phalaris historic (herbaria samples, 1908 to 2001) and five extant (fresh) specimens. Herbaria Phalaris specimens did not produce new SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms) not present in extant specimens. Diagnostic SNPs were identified in 8/12 (66.6%) Phalaris species. This study demonstrates the use of herbaria tissue for barcoding as a means for improved species identification of Phalaris herbaria specimens. No significant correlation between specimen age and genomic DNA concentration was found. Phalaris arundinacea showed high SNP variation within its clade, with the North American being distinctly different than other USA and most Eurasian types, potentially allowing for future identification of specific SNPs to geographic origin.ConclusionsWhile not as efficient as extant specimens to obtain DNA, Phalaris herbaria specimens can produce high quality ITS sequences to evaluate historic genetic resources and facilitate identification of new species-specific barcodes. No correlation between DNA concentration and age of historic samples (119 year range) occurred. Considerable polymorphism was exhibited in the P. arundinacea clade with several N. American accessions being distinct from Eurasian types. Further development of within species- and genus-specific barcodes could contribute to designing PCR primers for efficient and accurate identification of N. American P. arundinacea. Our finding of misidentified Phalaris species indicates the need to exercise stringent quality control measures on newly generated sequence data and to approach public sequence databases in a critical way.
| S-EPMC8571858 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The production of heather (Calluna vulgaris) in Germany is highly dependent on cultivars with mutated flower morphology, the so-called diplocalyx bud bloomers. So far, this unique flower type of C. vulgaris has not been reported in any other plant species. The flowers are characterised by an extremely extended flower attractiveness, since the flower buds remain closed throughout the complete flowering season. The flowers of C. vulgaris bud bloomers are male sterile, because the stamens are missing. Furthermore, petals are converted into sepals. Therefore the diplocalyx bud bloomer flowers consist of two whorls of sepals directly followed by the gynoecium. A broad comparison of wild type and bud bloomer’s flowers was undertaken to identify genes differentially expressed in the bud flowering phenotype and in the wild type of C. vulgaris. Transcriptome sequence reads were generated using next generation 454 sequencing of two flower type specific cDNA libraries. In total, 360,000 sequence reads were obtained, assembled to 12,200 contigs, functionally mapped, and annotated. Transcript abundances in wild type and bud bloomer’s libraries were compared and 365 differentially expressed genes detected. Among these differentially genes, CvPI was identified which is the orthologue of the Arabidopsis B gene PISTILLATA (PI) and considered as the most promising candidate gene. Quantitative PCR was performed to analyse the gene expression levels of two C. vulgaris B genes CvPI and CvAP3 in both flower types. CvAP3 which is the orthologue of the Arabidopsis B gene APETALA (AP3) turned out to be ectopically expressed in sepals of wild type and bud bloomer flowers. CvPI expression was proven to be reduced in the flowers of bud blooming cultivars. Differential expression patterns of the B-class genes CvAP3 and CvPI were identified to cause characteristics of flower morphology in C. vulgaris wild type and bud blooming flowers leading to the following hypotheses: ectopic expression of CvAP3 is a convincing explanation for the formation of a completely petaloid perianth in the wild type and the “bud flowering” phenotype. In C. vulgaris, CvPI is essential for determination of petal and stamen identity. The characteristic transition of petals into sepals potentially depends on the observed deficiency of CvPI and CvAP3 expression in bud blooming flowers. However, the complete loss of stamens in bud blooming flowers remains to be explained. two samples were analysed, each representing a flower type
2015-01-26 | E-GEOD-60105 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Two complete chloroplast genomes of Hippuris vulgaris (H. vulgaris_A and H. vulgaris_B), representing two distinct clades in China, were sequenced and assembled in this study. The circular genomes were 152,763 and 152,713 bp in length and exhibit a typical quadripartite structure of the large single-copy (LSC, 82,983/82,949 bp) and small single-copy (SSC, 18,294/18,278 bp) regions, separated by a pair of inverted repeats (IRs, both 25,743 bp). Both two cp genomes identically contain 133 genes, including 88 protein-coding genes, 37 tRNA, and eight rRNA genes. The phylogenetic analysis within Plantaginaceae demonstrated Hippuris an independent clade included in the expanded Plantaginaceae.
| S-EPMC7808383 | biostudies-literature