Jurkat cell transcriptome compendium of immunosuppressive and non-immunosuppressive compounds
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ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens
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PROVIDER: S-DIXA-058 | biostudies-other |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other
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Project description:Immunosuppression is a known risk factor for B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), yet mechanisms of tumor-associated immunosuppression remain to be fully characterized. We examined the immunophenotype of 40 NHL patients and 27 age-matched healthy volunteers to better understand systemic immune suppression. NHL peripheral blood mononuclear cells had significantly decreased interferon-? production and proliferation. This suppression was not the result of regulatory T cells, interleukin-6 or interleukin-10, as these factors were not different between NHL and healthy volunteers (controls). We were able to restore T-cell proliferation by removing NHL monocytes, suggesting that these monocytes are suppressive. This suppression was mediated in part through arginine metabolism as exogenous arginine supplementation partially overcame monocytes' suppression of T-cell proliferation in vitro and NHL patients had elevated arginase I in their plasma. NHL monocytes had impaired STAT1 phosphorylation and interferon-? production to CpG stimulation and a dendritic cell differentiation deficiency. Further studies demonstrated that monocytes from NHL patients had decreased HLA-DR and Tumor necrosis factor-? receptor II (CD120b) expression compared with controls (CD14(+)HLA-DR(low/-)CD120b(low)). Patients with increased ratios of CD14(+)HLA-DR(low/-) monocytes had more aggressive disease and suppressed immune functions. In summary, we report that CD14(+)HLA-DR(low/-) monocytes are a major and multifactorial contributor to systemic immunosuppression in NHL.
| S-EPMC3035079 | biostudies-other
Project description:The need for novel drugs for the treatment of autoimmune diseases is high, since available pharmaceuticals often have substantial side effects and limited efficacy. Natural products are a good starting point in the development of immunosuppressive leads. Since enhanced T cell proliferation is a common feature of autoimmune diseases, we investigated the T cell proliferation inhibitory potential of an extract library of plants used in traditional Chinese medicine. Using a newly established cell-based screening platform, an ethyl acetate extract of Artemisia argyi H.Lév. & Vaniot (Asteraceae, A. argyi) was found to suppress the proliferation of human primary T lymphocytes in vitro in an IL-2-dependent manner. Flow cytometry- and ELISA-based techniques further demonstrated that the A. argyi extract reduced the activation and function of T cells. Transcription factor analysis and flow cytometric calcium influx investigations indicated that the immunomodulatory effect was based on specific modification of T cell signaling in a non-cytotoxic manner which is mediated via the NFAT pathway and a non-sequestrant inhibition of the calcium influx. A series of guaianolide and seco-guaianolide sesquiterpene lactones, as well as a flavonoid, were identified in a previous study as the bioactive compounds in the A. argyi extract. The effects of these bioactive compounds were compared to those of the crude extract. The tested sesquiterpene lactones act via the transcription factor NFAT and NF-?B, thereby exhibiting their immunosuppressive potential, but have an overall effect on T cell biology on a more-downstream level than the crude A. argyi extract.
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Project description:Compounds with direct immunotoxic properties, including metals, mycotoxins, agricultural pesticides and industrial chemicals, form potential human health risks due to exposure through food, drinking water, and the environment. Insights into the mechanisms of action are currently lacking for the majority of these direct immunotoxicants. Therefore, the present work aimed to gain insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying direct immunotoxicity. To this end, we assessed in vitro the effects of 31 test compounds on the transcriptome of the human Jurkat T cell line. These compounds included direct immunotoxicants, immunosuppressive drugs with different mode of actions, and non-immunotoxic control chemicals. Pathway analysis of the microarray data allowed us to identify canonical pathways and Gene Ontology processes that were transcriptionally regulated in common by immunotoxicants (i) with structural similarities, such as the tributyltins TBTC and TBTO that activated the retinoic acid / X receptor (RAR / RXR) signaling pathway, and (ii) without structural similarities, such as As2O3, DBTC, diazinon, MeHg, ochratoxin A, S9 treated ochratoxin A, S9 treated cyclophosphamide, and S9 treated benzo[a]pyrene, that activated unfolded protein response, and FTY720, lindane, and propanil, that activated the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway. In addition, processes uniquely affected by individual immunotoxicants were identified, such as the induction of Notch receptor signaling and the down regulation of acute phase response genes by ochratoxin A. These findings were validated by quantitative Real-Time PCR (Q-RT-PCR) analysis of genes involved in these processes. Our study indicated that diverse modes of action are involved in direct immunotoxicity and that a set of pathways or genes, rather than one single gene can be used to screen compounds for direct immunotoxicity. We used microarrays to study the gene expression changes in Jurkat cells upon exposure to various immunotoxicants and identified distinct pathways related with chemical-induced direct immunotoxicity.
2013-07-22 | GSE46909 | GEO
Project description:BackgroundAlthough T cell abundance in solid tumours is associated with better outcomes, it also correlates with a stroma-mediated source of immune suppression driven by TGFβ1 and poor overall survival. Whether this also is observed in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is unknown.MethodsWe utilized molecular analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) NSLCC cohort to correlate immune activation (IA) gene expression and extracellular matrix/stromal (ECM/stromal) gene expression with patient survival. In an independent cohort of NSCLC samples, we used flow cytometry to identify mesenchymal subsets and ex vivo functional studies to characterize their immune regulatory function.FindingsWe observed a high enrichment in a core set of genes defining an IA gene expression signature in NSCLC across TCGA Pan-cancer cohort. High IA signature score correlates with enrichment of ECM/stromal gene signature across TCGA NSCLC datasets. Importantly, a higher ratio of ECM/stromal to IA gene signature score was associated with shorter overall survival. In tumours resected from a separate cohort of NSCLC patients, we identified CD90+CD73+ peritumoral cells that were enriched in the ECM/stromal gene signature, which was amplified by TGFβ1. IFNγ and TNFα-primed peritumoral CD90+CD73+ cells upregulate immune checkpoint molecules PD-L1 and IDO1 and secrete an array of cytokines/chemokines including TGFβ1. Finally, immune primed peritumoral CD90+CD73+ cells suppress T cell function, which was relieved following combined blockade of PD-L1 and TGFβ1 with IDO1 inhibition but not PD-L1 or anti-CD73 alone.InterpretationOur findings suggest that targeting PD-L1 together with independent biological features of the stroma may enhance host antitumor immunity in NSCLC.FundingLW and HY are supported by a 4-year China Scholarship Council award. This work was funded, in part, by a grant from the Cancer League of Bern, Switzerland to SRRH. Laser scanning microscopy imaging was funded by the R'Equip grant from the Swiss National Science Foundation Nr. 316030_145003.
| S-EPMC8577354 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BACKGROUND: Guanosine rich sequences capable of forming G-quadruplex (G4) motifs are enriched near the gene transcription start site (TSS) in the human genome. When probed at the single gene level, G-quadruplex motifs residing in promoter regions show substantial effects on gene transcription. Moreover, further changes in transcription levels are noticed when G4-motifs are targeted with G-quadruplex-specific small molecules. RESULTS: Global studies concerning general changes of the transcriptome via targeting promoter-based G-quadruplex motifs are very limited and have so far only been carried out with compounds displaying weak selectivity for quadruplex sequences. Here we utilize two G-quadruplex-specific bisquinolinium derivatives PhenDC3 and 360A and investigate their effects on the expression of the HeLa S3 transcriptome. Our results show wide-spread changes in the transcriptome with specificity for genes with G-quadruplex motifs near their transcription start sites (TSS). Using real-time PCR we further confirmed the specificity of PhenDC3 and 360A as potent molecules to target G-quadruplex-regulated genes. CONCLUSIONS: Specific effects on quadruplex-containing genes have been observed utilizing whole-transcriptome analysis upon treatment of cultured cells with quadruplex-selective bisquinolinium compounds.
| S-EPMC3375199 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Immunosuppressive drugs are administered to a number of patients; e.g., to allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients. Immunosuppressive drugs impair the immune system and thus increase the risk of invasive fungal disease, but may exhibit antifungal activity at the same time. We investigated the impact of various concentrations of three commonly used immunosuppressive compounds-cyclosporin A (CsA), methylprednisolone (mPRED), and mycophenolic acid (MPA)-on the growth and viability of five clinically important Aspergillus species. Methods included disc diffusion, optical density of mycelium, and viability assays such as XTT. MPA and CsA had a species-specific and dose-dependent inhibitory effect on the growth of all Aspergillus spp. tested, although growth inhibition by MPA was highest in A. niger, A. flavus and A. brasiliensis. Both agents exhibited species-specific hyphal damage, which was higher when the immunosuppressants were added to growing conidia than to mycelium. In contrast, mPRED increased the growth of A. niger, but had no major impact on the growth and viability of any of the other Aspergillus species tested. Our findings may help to better understand the interaction of drugs with Aspergillus species and ultimately may have an impact on individualizing immunosuppressive therapy.
| S-EPMC6963520 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundThe immunosuppressive role of the cytokine IL-35 in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is poorly understood. In this study, we analysed the localisation and regulation of IL-35 in the lung of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) to further elucidate the immune-escape of cancer cells in perioperative course of disease.MethodsInterleukin 35 (IL-35) was measured by ELISA in postoperative serum from 7 patients with NSCLC as well as 8 samples from healthy controls. Immunohistochemistry, FACS analysis, real-time PCR, as well as western blot from samples of the control (CTR), peri-tumoural (PT) and the tumoural (TU) region of the lung derived from patients with NSCLC and 10 controls were performed.ResultsHere we found elevated levels of IL-35 in the TU region as well as postoperative serum from patients with lung adenocarcinoma. Consistently, we found an increased expression of IL-35+Foxp-3+ cells, which associated with ARG1 mRNA expression and decreased TNFA in the TU region of the lung of patients with NSCLC as compared to their CTR region. Furthermore, in the CTR region of the lung of patients with NSCLC, CD68+ macrophages were induced and correlated with IL-35+ cells. Finally, IL-35 positively correlated with TTF-1+PD-L1+ cells in the TU region of NSCLC patients.ConclusionsInduced IL-35+Foxp3+ cell numbers in the TU region of the lung of patients with NSCLC associated with ARG1 mRNA expression and with TTF-1+PD-L1+ cells. In the tumour-free CTR area, IL-35 correlated with CD68+ macrophages. Thus inhibitors to IL-35 would probably succeed in combination with antibodies against immune checkpoints like PD-L1 and PD-1 currently used against NSCLC because they would inhibit immunosuppressive macrophages and T regulatory cells while promoting T cell-mediated anti-tumoural immune responses in the microenvironment as well as the TU region of NSCLC patients.
| S-EPMC6734661 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Compounds with direct immunotoxic properties, including metals, mycotoxins, agricultural pesticides and industrial chemicals, form potential human health risks due to exposure through food, drinking water, and the environment. Insights into the mechanisms of action are currently lacking for the majority of these direct immunotoxicants. Therefore, the present work aimed to gain insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying direct immunotoxicity. To this end, we assessed in vitro the effects of 31 test compounds on the transcriptome of the human Jurkat T cell line. These compounds included direct immunotoxicants, immunosuppressive drugs with different mode of actions, and non-immunotoxic control chemicals. Pathway analysis of the microarray data allowed us to identify canonical pathways and Gene Ontology processes that were transcriptionally regulated in common by immunotoxicants (i) with structural similarities, such as the tributyltins TBTC and TBTO that activated the retinoic acid / X receptor (RAR / RXR) signaling pathway, and (ii) without structural similarities, such as As2O3, DBTC, diazinon, MeHg, ochratoxin A, S9 treated ochratoxin A, S9 treated cyclophosphamide, and S9 treated benzo[a]pyrene, that activated unfolded protein response, and FTY720, lindane, and propanil, that activated the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway. In addition, processes uniquely affected by individual immunotoxicants were identified, such as the induction of Notch receptor signaling and the down regulation of acute phase response genes by ochratoxin A. These findings were validated by quantitative Real-Time PCR (Q-RT-PCR) analysis of genes involved in these processes. Our study indicated that diverse modes of action are involved in direct immunotoxicity and that a set of pathways or genes, rather than one single gene can be used to screen compounds for direct immunotoxicity. We used microarrays to study the gene expression changes in Jurkat cells upon exposure to various immunotoxicants and identified distinct pathways related with chemical-induced direct immunotoxicity. Jurkat cells were exposed to 31 compounds. The exposure experiments were done on four different days, with four different passages of Jurkat cells. Therefore, for each compound, we have four biological replicates. DMSO was used as the carrier control for all the samples. In total, 128 samples (including four untreated cell samples) were analyzed and will be uploaded. All the data were normalized by the average of the carrier control (DMSO).
2013-07-22 | E-GEOD-46909 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Recently, a series of novel arylthioindole compounds, potent inhibitors of tubulin polymerization and cancer cell growth, were synthesized. In the present study the effects of 2-(1H-pyrrol-3-yl)-3-((3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)thio)-1H-indole (ATI5 compound) on cell proliferation, cell cycle progression, and induction of apoptosis in human T-cell acute leukemia Jurkat cells and their multidrug resistant Jurkat/A4 subline were investigated. Treatment of the Jurkat cells with the ATI5 compound for 48 hrs resulted in a strong G2/M cell cycle arrest and p53-independent apoptotic cell death accompanied by the induction of the active form of caspase-3 and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) cleavage. ATI5 treatment also caused non-cell death related mitotic arrest in multidrug resistant Jurkat/A4 cells after 48 hrs of treatment suggesting promising opportunities for the further design of pyrrole-containing ATI compounds as anticancer agents. Cell death resistance of Jurkat/A4 cells to ATI5 compound was associated with alterations in the expression of pro-survival and anti-apoptotic protein-coding and microRNA genes. More importantly, findings showing that ATI5 treatment induced p53-independent apoptosis are of great importance from a therapeutic point of view since p53 mutations are common genetic alterations in human neoplasms.
| S-EPMC4847820 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Cyclin T1-dependent genes in non-activated Jurkat cells. HIV-1 is dependent upon cellular co-factors to mediate its replication cycle in CD4+ T cells and macrophages, the two major cell types infected by the virus in vivo. One critical co-factor is Cyclin T1, a subunit of a general RNA polymerase II elongation factor known as P-TEFb. Cyclin T1 is targeted directly by the viral Tat protein to activate proviral transcription. Cyclin T1 is up-regulated when resting CD4+ T cells are activated and during macrophage differentiation or activation, conditions that are also necessary for high levels of HIV-1 replication. Because Cyclin T1 is a subunit of a transcription factor, the up-regulation of Cyclin T1 in these cells results in the induction of cellular genes, some of which might be HIV-1 co-factors. Using shRNA depletions of Cyclin T1 and transcriptional profiling, we identified 54 cellular mRNAs that are Cyclin T1-dependent for their induction in activated CD4+ T cells and during macrophage differentiation and activation. The promoters for these Cyclin T1-dependent genes (CTDGs) are over-represented in two transcription factor binding sites, SREBP1 and ARP1. Notably, 10 of these CTDGs have been reported to be involved in HIV-1 replication, a significant over-representation of such genes when compared to randomly generated lists of 54 genes (p value < 0.00021). SiRNA depletions of two CTDGs identified here, CDK11 and Casein kinase1gamma1, suggest that these genes are also involved in HIV-1 replication. It is therefore likely that the 54 CTDGs identified here include novel HIV-1 co-factors. The presence of CTDGs in the protein space that was available for HIV-1 to sample during its evolution and acquisition of Tat function may provide an explanation for why CTDGs are enriched in viral co-factors. Keywords: cyclin T1 knockdown
2008-07-31 | GSE10737 | GEO