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Relationship between Differential Hepatic microRNA Expression and Decreased Hepatic Cytochrome P450 3A Activity in Cirrhosis

ABSTRACT: Background and Aim: Liver cirrhosis is associated with decreased hepatic cytochrome P4503A (CYP3A) activity but the pathogenesis of this phenomenon is not well elucidated. In this study, we examined if certain microRNAs (miRNA) are associated with decreased hepatic CYP3A activity in cirrhosis. Hepatic CYP3A activity and miRNA microarray expression profiles were measured in cirrhotic (n=22) and normal (n=12) liver tissue. Hepatic CYP3A activity was measured via midazolam hydroxylation in human liver microsomes. Additionally, hepatic CYP3A4 protein concentration and the expression of CYP3A4 mRNA were measured. Analyses were conducted to identify miRNAs which were differentially expressed between two groups but also were significantly associated with lower hepatic CYP3A activity. Liver tissue was collected from individuals with established cirrhosis who were awaiting liver transplantation (n=22) at the time of their liver transplantation procedure in the operating room. Normal liver tissue (n=12) was obtained from patients undergoing liver resection for metastatic/benign liver lesions with no underlying chronic liver disease

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PROVIDER: S-DIXA-D-1158 | biostudies-other |

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Relationship between Differential Hepatic microRNA Expression and Decreased Hepatic Cytochrome P450 3A Activity in Cirrhosis

Project description:Background and Aim: Liver cirrhosis is associated with decreased hepatic cytochrome P4503A (CYP3A) activity but the pathogenesis of this phenomenon is not well elucidated. In this study, we examined if certain microRNAs (miRNA) are associated with decreased hepatic CYP3A activity in cirrhosis. Hepatic CYP3A activity and miRNA microarray expression profiles were measured in cirrhotic (n=22) and normal (n=12) liver tissue. Hepatic CYP3A activity was measured via midazolam hydroxylation in human liver microsomes. Additionally, hepatic CYP3A4 protein concentration and the expression of CYP3A4 mRNA were measured. Analyses were conducted to identify miRNAs which were differentially expressed between two groups but also were significantly associated with lower hepatic CYP3A activity. Liver tissue was collected from individuals with established cirrhosis who were awaiting liver transplantation (n=22) at the time of their liver transplantation procedure in the operating room. Normal liver tissue (n=12) was obtained from patients undergoing liver resection for metastatic/benign liver lesions with no underlying chronic liver disease

2013-08-15 | E-GEOD-49012 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Relationship between Differential Hepatic microRNA Expression and Decreased Hepatic Cytochrome P450 3A Activity in Cirrhosis

2013-08-15 | GSE49012 | GEO

Relationship between differential hepatic microRNA expression and decreased hepatic cytochrome P450 3A activity in cirrhosis.

Project description:Background and aimLiver cirrhosis is associated with decreased hepatic cytochrome P4503A (CYP3A) activity but the pathogenesis of this phenomenon is not well elucidated. In this study, we examined if certain microRNAs (miRNA) are associated with decreased hepatic CYP3A activity in cirrhosis.MethodsHepatic CYP3A activity and miRNA microarray expression profiles were measured in cirrhotic (n=28) and normal (n=12) liver tissue. Hepatic CYP3A activity was measured via midazolam hydroxylation in human liver microsomes. Additionally, hepatic CYP3A4 protein concentration and the expression of CYP3A4 mRNA were measured. Analyses were conducted to identify miRNAs which were differentially expressed between two groups but also were significantly associated with lower hepatic CYP3A activity.ResultsHepatic CYP3A activity in cirrhotic livers was 1.7-fold lower than in the normal livers (0.28 ± 0.06 vs. 0.47 ± 0.07mL* min(-1)*mg protein(-1) (mean ± SEM), P=0.02). Six microRNAs (miR-155, miR-454, miR-582-5p, let-7f-1*, miR-181d, and miR-500) had >1.2-fold increase in cirrhotic livers and also had significant negative correlation with hepatic CYP3A activity (range of r = -0.44 to -0.52, P <0.05). Notably, miR-155, a known regulator of liver inflammation, had the highest fold increase in cirrhotic livers (2.2-fold, P=4.16E-08) and significantly correlated with hepatic CYP3A activity (r=-0.50, P=0.017). The relative expression (2(-ΔΔCt) mean ± SEM) of hepatic CYP3A4 mRNA was significantly higher in cirrhotic livers (21.76 ± 2.65 vs. 5.91 ± 1.29, P=2.04E-07) but their levels did not significantly correlate with hepatic CYP3A activity (r=-0.43, P=0.08).ConclusionThe strong association between certain miRNAs, notably miR-155, and lower hepatic CYP3A activity suggest that altered miRNA expression may regulate hepatic CYP3A activity.

| S-EPMC3772944 | biostudies-literature

Concurrent assessment of hepatic and intestinal cytochrome P450 3A activities using deuterated alfentanil.

Project description:Alfentanil (ALF) is a validated probe for hepatic, first-pass, and intestinal cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A activity, using plasma clearances, single-point concentrations, and noninvasive pupil diameter change (miosis). Assessing intravenous (i.v.) and oral drug disposition typically requires separate dosing. This investigation evaluated concurrent administration of oral deuterated and i.v. unlabeled ALF to assess both intestinal and hepatic CYP3A, and compare sequential and simultaneous dosing. ALF disposition was evaluated after strong hepatic and/or intestinal CYP3A induction and inhibition by rifampin, ketoconazole, and grapefruit juice. Using plasma ALF concentrations and area under the curve (AUC), clearance, or single-point concentrations, both simultaneous and sequential dosing provided equivalent results and detected hepatic and intestinal CYP3A induction and inhibition. Miosis better detected CYP3A modulation with sequential vs. simultaneous dosing. These results show that concurrent administration of oral deuterated and i.v. ALF, either sequentially or simultaneously, is an efficient and effective approach to assessing hepatic and intestinal CYP3A activity.

| S-EPMC3584707 | biostudies-literature

Relationship between hepatic phenotype and changes in gene expression in cytochrome P450 reductase (POR) null mice.

Project description:Cytochrome P450 reductase is the unique electron donor for microsomal cytochrome P450s; these enzymes play a major role in the metabolism of endogenous and xenobiotic compounds. In mice with a liver-specific deletion of cytochrome P450 reductase, hepatic cytochrome P450 activity is ablated, with consequent changes in bile acid and lipid homoeostasis. In order to gain insights into the metabolic changes resulting from this phenotype, we have analysed changes in hepatic mRNA expression using microarray analysis and real-time PCR. In parallel with the perturbations in bile acid levels, changes in the expression of key enzymes involved in cholesterol and lipid homoeostasis were observed in hepatic cytochrome P450 reductase null mice. This was characterized by a reduced expression of Cyp7b1, and elevation of Cyp7a1 and Cyp8b1 expression. The levels of mRNAs for other cytochrome P450 genes, including Cyp2b10, Cyp2c29, Cyp3a11 and Cyp3a16, were increased, demonstrating that endogenous factors play a role in regulating the expression of these proteins and that the increases are due, at least in part, to altered levels of transcripts. In addition, levels of mRNAs encoding genes involved in glycolysis and lipid transport were also increased; the latter may provide an explanation for the increased hepatic lipid content observed in the hepatic null mice. Serum testosterone and oestradiol levels were lowered, accompanied by significantly decreased expression of Hsd3b2 (3beta-hydroxy-Delta5-steroid dehydrogenase-2), Hsd3b5 (3beta-hydroxy-Delta5-steroid dehydrogenase-5) and Hsd11b1 (11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1), key enzymes in steroid hormone metabolism. These microarray data provide important insights into the control of metabolic pathways by the cytochrome system.

| S-EPMC1183466 | biostudies-literature

Thalidomide increases human hepatic cytochrome P450 3A enzymes by direct activation of the pregnane X receptor.

Project description:Heterotropic cooperativity of human cytochrome P450 (P450) 3A4/3A5 by the teratogen thalidomide was recently demonstrated by H. Yamazaki et al. ( ( 2013 ) Chem. Res. Toxicol. 26 , 486 - 489 ) using the model substrate midazolam in various in vitro and in vivo models. Chimeric mice with humanized liver also displayed enhanced midazolam clearance upon pretreatment with orally administered thalidomide, presumably because of human P450 3A induction. In the current study, we further investigated the regulation of human hepatic drug metabolizing enzymes. Thalidomide enhanced levels of P450 3A4 and 2B6 mRNA, protein expression, and/or oxidation activity in human hepatocytes, indirectly suggesting the activation of upstream transcription factors involved in detoxication, e.g., the nuclear receptors pregnane X receptor (PXR) and constitutive androstane receptor (CAR). A key event after ligand binding is an alteration of nuclear receptor conformation and recruitment of coregulator proteins that alter chromatin accessibility of target genes. To investigate direct engagement and functional alteration of PXR and CAR by thalidomide, we utilized a peptide microarray with 154 coregulator-derived nuclear receptor-interaction motifs and coregulator and nuclear receptor boxes, which serves as a sensor for nuclear receptor conformation and activity status as a function of ligand. Thalidomide and its human proximate metabolite 5-hydroxythalidomide displayed significant modulation of coregulator interaction with PXR and CAR ligand-binding domains, similar to established agonists for these receptors. These results collectively suggest that thalidomide acts as a ligand for PXR and CAR and causes enzyme induction leading to increased P450 enzyme activity. The possibilities of drug interactions during thalidomide therapy in humans require further evaluation.

| S-EPMC4020009 | biostudies-literature

Interaction Between Florfenicol and Doxycycline Involving Cytochrome P450 3A in Goats (<i>Capra hricus</i>).

Project description:When two drugs are combined, drug-drug interactions (DDI) often occur. Metabolic DDI usually occur due to inhibition of the metabolism of one drug by the other. This leads to an increase in the plasma concentration of the drug whose metabolism is inhibited. The objective of this research study was to verify the DDI risk of two antibacterial, florfenicol (FF) and doxycycline (DOX) due to metabolism. Because food containing residues of any pharmacologically active substance could potentially constitute a public health hazard, we selected a food producing animal, goat, goat liver microsomes and recombinant metabolic enzymes, for in vivo and in vitro metabolism studies. In vitro experiments showed that CYP3A was the key enzyme subfamily in FF metabolism, DOX slowed down FF metabolism and R440 was possibly the key amino acid in the metabolic interaction between FF and DOX. In vivo studies in the goats showed that DOX inhibited up-regulation of CYP3A24 gene expression produced by FF; in liver and kidney, DOX slightly slowed down FF metabolism. Quantitative prediction of DDI risk suggest that when DOX is used in combination with FF in veterinary medicine, may result in a clinical significant increase of FF plasma and tissue concentrations, resulting a prevalence of harmful tissue residues of medicinal products in the food chain. Through our experimentation, when DOX is used in combination with FF, the withdrawal period of FF in the kidney was extended by 1 day. Otherwise, an appropriate withdrawal period (20 days) of FF was established for FF and DOX combined use to ensure that the animal can be safely slaughtered for food.

| S-EPMC8558239 | biostudies-literature

Cytochrome P450 enzymes

Project description:Physiological plasticity in a polluted system: A case of an uncultured bacterium and its cypome

| PRJEB38781 | ENA

Cytochrome P450 3A Enzymes Are Key Contributors for Hepatic Metabolism of Bufotalin, a Natural Constitute in Chinese Medicine Chansu.

Project description:Bufotalin (BFT), one of the naturally occurring bufodienolides, has multiple pharmacological and toxicological effects including antitumor activity and cardiotoxicity. This study aimed to character the metabolic pathway(s) of BFT and to identify the key drug metabolizing enzyme(s) responsible for hepatic metabolism of BFT in human, as well as to explore the related molecular mechanism of enzymatic selectivity. The major metabolite of BFT in human liver microsomes (HLMs) was fully identified as 5β-hydroxylbufotalin by LC-MS/MS and NMR techniques. Reaction phenotyping and chemical inhibition assays showed that CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 were key enzymes responsible for BFT 5β-hydroxylation. Kinetic analyses demonstrated that BFT 5β-hydroxylation in both HLMs and human CYP3A4 followed the biphasic kinetics, while BFT 5β-hydroxylation in CYP3A5 followed substrate inhibition kinetics. Furthermore, molecular docking simulations showed that BFT could bind on two different ligand-binding sites on both CYP3A4 and CYP3A5, which partially explained the different kinetic behaviors of BFT in CYP3A4 and CYP3A5. These findings are very helpful for elucidating the phase I metabolism of BFT in human and for deeper understanding the key interactions between CYP3A enzymes and bufadienolides, as well as for the development of bufadienolide-type drugs with improved pharmacokinetic and safety profiles.

| S-EPMC6369212 | biostudies-literature

Functional impact of cytochrome P450 3A (CYP3A) missense variants in cattle.

Project description:Cytochrome P450 3A is the most important CYP subfamily in humans, and CYP3A4/CYP3A5 genetic variants contribute to inter-individual variability in drug metabolism. However, no information is available for bovine CYP3A (bCYP3A). Here we described bCYP3A missense single nucleotide variants (SNVs) and evaluated their functional effects. CYP3A28, CYP3A38 and CYP3A48 missense SNVs were identified in 300 bulls of Piedmontese breed through targeted sequencing. Wild-type and mutant bCYP3A cDNAs were cloned and expressed in V79 cells. CYP3A-dependent oxidative metabolism of testosterone (TST) and nifedipine (NIF) was assessed by LC-MS/MS. Finally, SNVs functional impact on TST hydroxylation was measured ex vivo in liver microsomes from individually genotyped animals. Thirteen missense SNVs were identified and validated. Five variants showed differences in CYP3A catalytic activity: three CYP3A28 SNVs reduced TST 6?-hydroxylation; one CYP3A38 variant increased TST 16?-hydroxylation, while a CYP3A48 SNV showed enhanced NIF oxidation. Individuals homozygous for rs384467435 SNV showed a reduced TST 6?-hydroxylation. Molecular modelling showed that most of SNVs were distal to CYP3A active site, suggesting indirect effects on the catalytic activity. Collectively, these findings demonstrate the importance of pharmacogenetics studies in veterinary species and suggest bCYP3A genotype variation might affect the fate of xenobiotics in food-producing species such as cattle.

| S-EPMC6927969 | biostudies-literature

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