Browse
Submit Data
Databases
API
Help

Dataset Information

0 Views

0 Connections

0 Citations

0 Reanalyses

0 Downloads

Omics score: 0

Purification and characterization of the human epidermal fatty acid-binding protein: localization during epidermal cell differentiation in vivo and in vitro.

ABSTRACT: Epidermal fatty acid-binding protein (E-FABP) was isolated from human skin and purified to homogeneity. Its molecular mass was estimated to be 15 kDa and the pI of non-denaturing protein was 5.6. Scatchard-plot analysis revealed one class of binding site for oleic acid with a Kd of 0.46 microM. Structure-binding relation experiments revealed a high affinity of E-FABP for stearic acid which decreased on reduction of the number of carbon atoms or introduction of double bonds into the fatty acid chain. Squalene, cholesterol and retinoic acid isomers showed no affinity, suggesting that E-FABP displays high specificity for fatty acids. E-FABP is a scarce cytosolic protein (0.065% of total protein). Only trace amounts could be detected in normal human skin but up to 42.5 +/- 3.4 pmol/mg of protein was found in a non-malignant defect of keratinocyte differentiation (psoriatic lesions). E-FABP levels were low in cultured human keratinocytes grown under proliferation-stimulating conditions but increased about 2-fold on induction of differentiation by Ca2+. Immunohistochemical localization showed cytosolic staining in differentiated cells of normal and psoriatic skin, suggesting a link between E-FABP and keratinocyte differentiation. The presence of E-FABP in tissues other than skin (heart, intestine and adipose tissue) excludes its specific role in fatty acid metabolism in epithelial cells or its involvement in skin lipid-barrier function.

SUBMITTER: Siegenthaler G

PROVIDER: S-EPMC1137237 | biostudies-other | 1994 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other

ACCESS DATA

Json Xml

Similar Datasets

Epidermal Fatty Acid‒Binding Protein Mediates Depilatory-Induced Acute Skin Inflammation.

Project description:Depilatory creams are widely used to remove unwanted body hair, but people with sensitive skin are subject to depilatory-induced skin burn/inflammation. It remains unknown what makes their skin more sensitive than others. In this study, we show that epidermal fatty acid‒binding protein (E-FABP) expressed in the skin plays a critical role in promoting depilatory-induced acute skin inflammation in mouse models. Although a depilatory cream removed hair by breaking down keratin disulfide bonds, it activated cytosolic phospholipase A2, leading to activation of the arachidonic acid/E-FABP/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor β signaling pathway in keratinocytes. Specifically, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor β activation induced downstream targets (e.g., cyclooxygenase 2) and chemokine (e.g., CXCL1) production, which systemically mobilized neutrophils and recruited them to localize in the skin for acute inflammatory responses. Importantly, E-FABP deletion by CRISPR-Cas9 reduced cytosolic phospholipase A2/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor β activation in keratinocytes, and genetic deletion of E-FABP protected mice from depilatory cream-induced neutrophil recruitment and skin inflammation. Our findings suggest E-FABP as a molecular sensor for sensitive skin by triggering depilatory-induced, lipid-mediated skin inflammatory responses.

| S-EPMC9639752 | biostudies-literature

Stearic Acid Induces CD11c Expression in Proinflammatory Macrophages via Epidermal Fatty Acid Binding Protein.

Project description:Obesity is associated with elevated levels of free fatty acids (FAs) and proinflammatory CD11c+ macrophages. However, whether and how free FAs contribute to CD11c+ macrophage differentiation and proinflammatory functions remain unclear. Here we report that dietary saturated FAs, but not unsaturated FAs, promoted the differentiation and function of CD11c+ macrophages. Specifically, we demonstrated that stearic acid (SA) significantly induced CD11c expression in monocytes through activation of the nuclear retinoid acid receptor. More importantly, cytosolic expression of epidermal FA binding protein (E-FABP) in monocytes/macrophages was shown to be critical to the mediation of the SA-induced effect. Depletion of E-FABP not only inhibited SA-induced CD11c upregulation in macrophages in vitro but also abrogated high-saturated-fat diet-induced skin lesions in obese mouse models in vivo. Altogether, our data demonstrate a novel mechanism by which saturated FAs promote obesity-associated inflammation through inducing E-FABP/retinoid acid receptor-mediated differentiation of CD11c+ macrophages.

| S-EPMC5940522 | biostudies-literature

Targeting epidermal fatty acid binding protein for treatment of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.

Project description:BackgroundMultiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease in which dysregulated immune cells attack myelin in the central nervous system (CNS), leading to irreversible neuronal degeneration. Our previous studies have demonstrated that epidermal fatty acid binding protein (E-FABP), widely expressed in immune cells, in particular in dendritic cells (DCs) and T lymphocytes, fuels the overactive immune responses in the mouse model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE).MethodsIn the present study, we conducted an intensive computational docking analysis to identify novel E-FABP inhibitors for regulation of immune cell functions and for treatment of EAE.ResultsWe demonstrate that compound [2-(4-acetylphenoxy)-9,10-dimethoxy-6,7-dihydropyrimido[6,1-a]isoquinolin-4-one; designated as EI-03] bound to the lipid binding pocket of E-FABP and enhanced the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activating receptor (PPAR) γ. Further in vitro experiments showed that EI-03 regulated DC functions by inhibition of TNFα production while promoting IL-10 secretion. Moreover, EI-03 treatment counterregulated T cell balance by decreasing effector T cell differentiation (e.g. Th17, Th1) while increasing regulatory T cell development. Most importantly, mice treated with this newly identified compound exhibited reduced clinical symptoms of EAE in mouse models.ConclusionsTaken together, we have identified a new compound which displays a potential therapeutic benefit for treatment of MS by targeting E-FABP.

| S-EPMC4427938 | biostudies-literature

The fatty acid binding protein FABP7 is required for optimal oligodendrocyte differentiation during myelination but not during remyelination.

Project description:The major constituents of the myelin sheath are lipids, which are made up of fatty acids (FAs). The hydrophilic environment inside the cells requires FAs to be bound to proteins, preventing their aggregation. Fatty acid binding proteins (FABPs) are one class of proteins known to bind FAs in a cell. Given the crucial role of FAs for myelin sheath formation we investigated the role of FABP7, the major isoform expressed in oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs), in developmental myelination and remyelination. Here, we show that the knockdown of Fabp7 resulted in a reduction of OPC differentiation in vitro. Consistent with this result, a delay in developmental myelination was observed in Fabp7 knockout animals. This delay was transient with full myelination being established before adulthood. FABP7 was dispensable for remyelination, as the knockout of Fapb7 did not alter remyelination efficiency in a focal demyelination model. In summary, while FABP7 is important in OPC differentiation in vitro, its function is not crucial for myelination and remyelination in vivo.

| S-EPMC7317849 | biostudies-literature

Epidermal Fatty Acid binding protein promotes skin inflammation induced by high-fat diet.

Project description:Defining specific cellular and molecular mechanisms in most obesity-related diseases remains an important challenge. Here we report a serendipitous finding that consumption of a high-fat diet (HFD) greatly increased the occurrence of skin lesions in C57BL/6 mice. We demonstrated that HFD induced the accumulation of a specific type of CD11c(+) macrophages in skin preceding detectable lesions. These cells primed skin to induce IL-1? and IL-18 signaling, which further promoted the cytokines IFN-?- and IL-17-mediated skin inflammation. Mechanistically, epidermal fatty acid binding protein (E-FABP) was significantly upregulated in skin of obese mice, which coupled lipid droplet formation and NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Deficiency of E-FABP in obese mice decreased recruitment of CD11c(+) macrophages in skin tissues, reduced production of IL-1? and IL-18, and consequently dampened activation of effector T cells. Furthermore, E-FABP-deficient mice are completely resistant to HFD-induced skin lesions. Collectively, E-FABP represents a molecular sensor triggering HFD-induced skin inflammation.

| S-EPMC4440244 | biostudies-literature

Altered epidermal fatty acid-binding protein expression in hepatocellular carcinoma predicts unfavorable outcomes.

Project description:Objective:Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a rapidly proliferating malignancy that requires large amounts of fatty acids to synthesize cellular membranes and provide energy. Epidermal fatty acid-binding protein (EFABP) is uniquely expressed in epidermal cells, but its role and expression in HCC are not clear. Subjects and methods:A total of 804 HCC specimens were collected to construct a tissue microarray (TMA) and for immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis. The relationship between EFABP expression and clinical features of patients with HCC was analyzed. Results:The EFABP IHC score for HCC tissue was 0.76±0.69, being significantly higher than that for matched nontumorous tissue (0.48±0.55; P<0.001). Using the median IHC score (ie, 0.8) in the tumorous tissue, a high level of EFABP expression was found in 57.3% (461/804) of the cases. Patients with HCC displaying high EFABP expression had poorer tumor differentiation (P=0.029), more vascular invasion (P=0.006), and a higher proportion of late TNM stage disease (P=0.042). Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that the patients with high EFABP expression had significantly worse outcomes in terms of overall survival (P=0.003), worse disease-free survival (P=0.021), and a higher probability of recurrence (P=0.014). Multivariate analysis indicated that EFABP expression was an independent prognostic variable for overall survival (P=0.021) and disease-free survival (P=0.044). For HCC recurrence, only vascular invasion (P=0.020) and EFABP expression (P=0.026) were independent risk factors. Conclusion:Our data revealed that EFABP expression was increased in HCC samples. High EFABP expression was correlated with shorter survival times in patients with HCC and served as an independent factor for worse outcomes. Our study therefore provides a promising bio-marker for the prognostic prediction of HCC and a potential therapeutic target for the disease.

| S-EPMC6260128 | biostudies-literature

The novel murine Ca2+-binding protein, Scarf, is differentially expressed during epidermal differentiation.

Project description:Calcium (Ca2+) signaling-dependent systems, such as the epidermal differentiation process, must effectively respond to variations in Ca2+ concentration. Members of the Ca2+-binding proteins play a central function in the transduction of Ca2+ signals, exerting their roles through a Ca2+-dependent interaction with their target proteins, spatially and temporally. By performing a suppression subtractive hybridization screen we identified a novel mouse gene, Scarf (skin calmodulin-related factor), which has homology to calmodulin (CaM)-like Ca2+-binding protein genes and is exclusively expressed in differentiating keratinocytes in the epidermis. The Scarf open reading frame encodes a 148-amino acid protein that contains four conserved EF-hand motifs (predicted to be Ca2+-binding domains) and has homology to mouse CaM, human CaM-like protein, hClp, and human CaM-like skin protein, hClsp. The functionality of Scarf EF-hand domains was assayed with a radioactive Ca2+-binding method. By Southern blot and computational genome sequence analysis, a highly related gene, Scarf2, was found 15 kb downstream of Scarf on mouse chromosome 13. The functional Scarf Ca2+-binding domains suggest a role in the regulation of epidermal differentiation through the control of Ca2+-mediated signaling.

| S-EPMC1283089 | biostudies-literature

Inhibition of tumor growth by a newly-identified activator for epidermal fatty acid binding protein.

Project description:Our previous studies have demonstrated that expression of epidermal fatty acid binding protein (E-FABP) in tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) promotes macrophage anti-tumor activity by enhancing IFN? responses in tumor models. Thus, E-FABP represents a new protective factor in enhancing tumor immune surveillance against tumor development. Herein, we report the compound 5-(benzylamino)-2-(3-methylphenyl)-1,3-oxazole-4-carbonitrile (designated EI-05) as a novel E-FABP activator for inhibition of mammary tumor growth. EI-05 was selected from the ZINC compound library using molecular docking analysis based on the crystal structure of E-FABP. Although EI-05 is unable to bind E-FABP directly, it significantly increases E-FABP expression in macrophages during inflammation. Stimulation of macrophages with EI-05 remarkably enhances lipid droplet formation and IFN? production, which further promotes the anti-tumor activity of macrophages. Importantly, administering EI-05 in vivo significantly inhibits mammary tumor growth in a syngeneic mouse model. Altogether, these results suggest that EI-05 may represent a promising drug candidate for anti-tumor treatment through enhancing E-FABP activity and IFN? responses in macrophages.

| S-EPMC4480718 | biostudies-literature

Solution structure and backbone dynamics of human epidermal-type fatty acid-binding protein (E-FABP).

Project description:Human epidermal-type fatty acid-binding protein (E-FABP) belongs to a family of intracellular 14-15 kDa lipid-binding proteins, whose functions have been associated with fatty acid signalling, cell growth, regulation and differentiation. As a contribution to understanding the structure-function relationship, we report in the present study features of its solution structure and backbone dynamics determined by NMR spectroscopy. Applying multi-dimensional high-resolution NMR techniques on unlabelled and 15N-enriched recombinant human E-FABP, the 1H and 15N resonance assignments were completed. On the basis of 2008 distance restraints, the three-dimensional solution structure of human E-FABP was subsequently obtained (backbone atom root-mean-square deviation of 0.92+/-0.11 A; where 1 A=0.1 nm), consisting mainly of 10 anti-parallel beta-strands that form a beta-barrel structure. 15N relaxation experiments (T1, T2 and heteronuclear nuclear Overhauser effects) at 500, 600 and 800 MHz provided information on the internal dynamics of the protein backbone. Nearly all non-terminal backbone amide groups showed order parameters S(2)>0.8, with an average value of 0.88+/-0.04, suggesting a uniformly low backbone mobility in the nanosecond-to-picosecond time range. Moreover, hydrogen/deuterium exchange experiments indicated a direct correlation between the stability of the hydrogen-bonding network in the beta-sheet structure and the conformational exchange in the millisecond-to-microsecond time range. The features of E-FABP backbone dynamics elaborated in the present study differ markedly from those of the phylogenetically closely related heart-type FABP and the more distantly related ileal lipid-binding protein, implying a strong interdependence with the overall protein stability and possibly also with the ligand-binding affinity for members of the lipid-binding protein family.

| S-EPMC1222622 | biostudies-literature

Studies on fatty-acid-binding proteins. The purification of rat liver fatty-acid-binding protein and the role of cysteine-69 in fatty acid binding.

Project description:1. A new, simple and high-yield procedure is described for the purification of hepatic fatty-acid-binding protein from rat liver using naphthylaminodecyl-agarose as an affinity column. 2. Cysteine-69 is shown to react slowly, but quantitatively, with 5,5'-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB), indicating that the thiol group is free, but may be buried within the protein. 3. Fatty acids do not affect the DTNB reactivity of this cysteine residue; however, cysteine reactivity is enhanced in the presence of haem and oleoyl-CoA. 4. Fatty-acid-binding protein that has been modified with DTNB is still able to bind the fluorescent fatty acid 11-(dansylamino)undecanoic acid, indicating that cysteine-69 may be remote from the fatty-acid-binding site.

| S-EPMC1138812 | biostudies-other

OmicsDI is part of the ELIXIR infrastructure

OmicsDI is an Elixir interoperability service. Learn more ›

Tweets

OmicsDI Databases

PRIDE
PeptideAtlas
MassIVE
JPOST Repository
Physiome Model Repository

EGA
EVA
ENA
LINCS
PAXDB
Cell Collective

MetaboLights
Metabolomics Workbench
MetabolomeExpress
GNPS
BioModels
FAIRDOMHub

ArrayExpress
dbGaP
ExpressionAtlas
GEO
NODE

Information

Databases
Help
API
Contact us
Code on GitHub
Terms of use
Submit Data