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Glucose oxidation and low-density lipoprotein-induced macrophage ceroid accumulation: possible implications for diabetic atherosclerosis.

ABSTRACT: The exposure of proteins to high concentrations of glucose in vitro is widely considered a relevant model of the functional degeneration of tissue occurring in diabetes mellitus. In particular, the enhanced atherosclerosis in diabetes is often discussed in terms of glycation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL), the non-enzymic attachment of glucose to apolipoprotein amino groups. However, glucose can undergo transition-metal-catalysed oxidation under near-physiological conditions in vitro, producing oxidants that possess a reactivity similar to the hydroxyl radical. These oxidants can fragment protein, hydroxylate benzoic acid and induce lipid peroxidation in human LDL. In this study, glycation of LDL in vitro is accompanied by such oxidative processes. However, the oxidation of LDL varies with glucose concentration in a manner which does not parallel changes in protein glycation. Glycation increases in proportion to glucose concentration, whereas in our studies maximal oxidation occurs at a glucose concentration of approx. 25 mM. The modification of LDL resulting from exposure to glucose alters macrophage ceroid accumulation, a process which occurs in the human atherosclerotic plaque. The accumulation of ceroid in macrophages is shown to be related to LDL oxidation rather than LDL glycation, per se, as it too occurs at a maximum of approx. 25 mM. Oxidative sequelae of protein glycation appear to be a major factor in LDL-macrophage interactions, at least with respect to ceroid accumulation. Our observations are discussed in the context of the observed increase in the severity of atherosclerosis in diabetes.

SUBMITTER: Hunt JV

PROVIDER: S-EPMC1138148 | biostudies-other | 1994 May

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other

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Oxidation of low-density lipoprotein by iron at lysosomal pH: implications for atherosclerosis.

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| S-EPMC3348679 | biostudies-other

Vascular lipid accumulation, lipoprotein oxidation, and macrophage lipid uptake in hypercholesterolemic zebrafish.

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Cysteamine inhibits lysosomal oxidation of low density lipoprotein in human macrophages and reduces atherosclerosis in mice.

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Macrophage-Associated Lipin-1 Enzymatic Activity Contributes to Modified Low-Density Lipoprotein-Induced Proinflammatory Signaling and Atherosclerosis.

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| S-EPMC5785462 | biostudies-literature

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Jnk1 Deficiency in Hematopoietic Cells Suppresses Macrophage Apoptosis and Increases Atherosclerosis in Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor Null Mice.

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