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A thiono-beta-lactam substrate for the beta-lactamase II of Bacillus cereus. Evidence for direct interaction between the essential metal ion and substrate.

ABSTRACT: An 8-thionocephalosporin was shown to be a substrate of the beta-lactamase II of Bacillus cereus, a zinc metalloenzyme. Although it is a poorer substrate, as judged by the Kcat./Km parameter, than the corresponding 8-oxocephalosporin, the discrimination against sulphur decreased when the bivalent metal ion in the enzyme active site was varied in the order Mn2+ (the manganese enzyme catalysed the hydrolysis of the oxo compound but not that of the thiono compound), Zn2+, Co2+ and Cd2+. This result is taken as evidence for kinetically significant direct contact between the active-site metal ion of beta-lactamase II and the beta-lactam carbonyl heteroatom. No evidence was obtained, however, for accumulation of an intermediate with such co-ordination present.

SUBMITTER: Murphy BP

PROVIDER: S-EPMC1138430 | biostudies-other | 1989 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other

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Identification of an essential glutamic acid residue in beta-lactamase II from Bacillus cereus.

Project description:Beta-Lactamase II from Bacillus cereus was readily inactivated by incubation at pH 4.75 with a water-soluble carbodiimide plus a suitable nucleophile. In the early stages of the reaction, 1 equivalent of nucleophile was incorporated/equivalent of enzyme, whereas during the later stages a second equivalent of nucleophile was also incorporated. This latter process correlated with the blocking of the enzyme's single thiol group. Enzyme inactivated in the presence of the coloured nucleophile N-(2,4-dinitrophenyl)ethylenediamine was fragmented by pepsin digestion, and coloured peptides were isolated by gel filtration and h.p.l.c. Two major peptides, representing 52% of the incorporated label, were isolated and sequenced. Both peptides contained the incorporated label on glutamic acid-37, and it is concluded that this latter residue represents a catalytically essential carboxylic residue in beta-lactamase II.

| S-EPMC1153048 | biostudies-other

Comparison of beta-lactamase II from Bacillus cereus 569/H/9 with a beta-lactamase from Bacillus cereus 5/B/6.

Project description:A mutant of Bacillus cereus 5/B, strain 5/B/6, produces a beta-lactamase II-like enzyme but no beta-lactamase I. Beta-lactamases II and II 5/B/6 appear to show a high degree of homology, but there are significant differences in their enzymic properties.

| S-EPMC1165233 | biostudies-other

Identification of beta-lactamase in antibiotic-resistant Bacillus cereus spores.

Project description:Beta-lactamase type I is reported for the first time to occur in the sporulated form in a penicillin-resistant Bacillus species. The enzyme was readily characterized from the B. cereus 5/B line (ATCC 13061) by mass spectrometry and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis.

| S-EPMC2227700 | biostudies-literature

X-ray absorption spectroscopy of metal site speciation in the metallo-β-lactamase BcII from Bacillus cereus.

Project description:Cobalt and zinc binding by the subclass B1 metallo-β-lactamase BcII from Bacillus cereus is examined by X-ray absorption spectroscopy, at various levels of metal loading. The data show that a significant amount of the dinuclear enzyme is formed, even at substoichiometric levels of metal loading, whether the added metal is Zn(II) or Co(II). Increasing metal addition, from 0.5 to 1.0 to 2.0eq/mol of enzyme, are shown to result in a more ordered active site. While Zn(II) appears to show no preference for the Zn(1) (3H) or Zn(2) (DCH) sites, the extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) suggests that Co(II) shows a slight preference for the DCH site at low levels of added Co(II). The results are discussed in the context of similar metal-binding studies of other B1 metallo-β-lactamases.

| S-EPMC3571675 | biostudies-literature

The composition of beta-lactamase I and beta-lactamase II from Bacillus cereus 569-H.

Project description:1. Crystalline beta-lactamase I from Bacillus cereus 569/H yielded only amino acids on acid hydrolysis, but crystalline beta-lactamase II from the same organism yielded also substantial quantities of neutral sugars and amino sugars. 2. Analysis with an amino acid analyser indicated that the two enzymes were similar though not identical in overall amino acid composition. Analysis of neutral and amino sugars as their silyl derivatives by gas-liquid chromatography showed that the carbohydrate moiety of beta-lactamase II contained residues of glucose, galactose, mannose, fucose, glucosamine and galactosamine. 3. After oxidation and hydrolysis both beta-lactamases gave small amounts of cysteic acid. After treatment of inactive Zn(2+)-free beta-lactamase II with N-ethylmaleimide or iodoacetate enzymic activity was not restored by the addition of Zn(2+).

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Engineered mononuclear variants in Bacillus cereus metallo-beta-lactamase BcII are inactive.

Project description:Metallo-beta-lactamases (MbetaLs) are zinc enzymes able to hydrolyze almost all beta-lactam antibiotics, rendering them inactive, at the same time endowing bacteria high levels of resistance. The design of inhibitors active against all classes of MbetaLs has been hampered by their structural diversity and by the heterogeneity in metal content in enzymes from different sources. BcII is the metallo-beta-lactamase from Bacillus cereus, which is found in both the mononuclear and dinuclear forms. Despite extensive studies, there is still controversy about the nature of the active BcII species. Here we have designed two mutant enzymes in which each one of the metal binding sites was selectively removed. Both mutants were almost inactive, despite preserving most of the structural features of each metal site. These results reveal that neither site isolated in the MbetaL scaffold is sufficient to render a fully active enzyme. This suggests that only the dinuclear species is active or that the mononuclear variants can be active only if aided by other residues that would be metal ligands in the dinuclear species.

| S-EPMC2565585 | biostudies-literature

beta-lactamase I from Bacillus cereus. Structure and site-directed mutagenesis.

Project description:The sequence of the gene for beta-lactamase I from Bacillus cereus 569/H has been redetermined. Oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis has been carried out, and the effects of the changes on the ampicillin-resistance of Escherichia coli TG1 expressing the mutant genes have been studied. Lysine-73, close to the active-site serine-70 and a highly-conserved residue, has been converted into arginine. This change had a large effect on activity, but did not abolish it. An even larger effect was found in the mutant in which glutamate-166 had been converted into glutamine; this had little or no activity. On the other hand, the conversion of glutamate-168 into aspartate gave fully active enzyme. Glutamate-166 is an invariant residue, but glutamate-168 is not. Alanine-123 has been replaced by cysteine, to give active enzyme; this change forms part of the plan to introduce a disulphide bond into the enzyme.

| S-EPMC1148599 | biostudies-other

Separation, purification and properties of beta-lactamase I and beta-lactamase II from Bacillus cereus 569/H/9.

Project description:1. A procedure was devised which is suitable for the isolation of beta-lactamase I and beta-lactamase II from Bacillus cereus 569/H/9 on a large scale. After adsorption on to Celite both enzymes were eluted in good yield and separated by chromatography on Sephadex CM-50. 2. beta-Lactamase I was separated into three main components by isoelectric focusing and into two components by chromatography. 3. The Zn(2+)-requiring beta-lactamase II obtained by this procedure had a lower molecular weight (22000) than beta-lactamase I (28000) and also differed from the latter in containing one cysteine residue. 4. The beta-lactamase II contained no carbohydrate, but showed the thermostability of the enzyme isolated earlier as a protein-carbohydrate complex. 5. Amino acid analyses and tryptic-digest ;maps' indicate that some degree of homology between beta-lactamase I and beta-lactamase II is possible, but that beta-lactamase I is not composed of the entire sequence of beta-lactamase II together with an additional peptide fragment. 6. A 6-methylpenicillin and a 7-methylcephalosporin showed much lower affinities for both enzymes than did penicillins and cephalosporins themselves.

| S-EPMC1168359 | biostudies-other

Irreversible inactivation of beta-lactamase I from Bacillus cereus by chlorinated 6-spiroepoxypenicillins.

Project description:On incubation of the chlorinated 6-spiroepoxypenicillin anilides (I) and (II) [formula: see text] with beta-lactamase 1 from Bacillus cereus, three distinct processes are observed. The inhibitors act as (a) substrates, the turnover of which respectively results in a single product, namely 6-substituted 2(H)-3,4-dihydro-1,4-thiazine, (b) a transiently inhibited enzyme complex, and finally (c) an irreversibly inactivated enzyme complex. Although differing only in their stereochemistry at one centre, the anilide (K) is a more potent irreversible inactivator of beta-lactamase I than is compound (II). Analysis of irreversibly inactivated beta-lactamase I by isoelectric focusing and inspection of peptide fragmentation maps indicated that irreversible inactivation appears to be accompanied by covalent modification. These studies reveal that the chlorinated 6-spiroepoxypenicillin anilide (I) is a mechanism-based beta-lactamase inhibitor.

| S-EPMC1151075 | biostudies-other

An extracytoplasmic function sigma factor controls beta-lactamase gene expression in Bacillus anthracis and other Bacillus cereus group species.

Project description:The susceptibility of most Bacillus anthracis strains to beta-lactam antibiotics is intriguing considering that the closely related species Bacillus cereus and Bacillus thuringiensis typically produce beta-lactamases and the B. anthracis genome harbors two beta-lactamase genes, bla1 and bla2. We show that beta-lactamase activity associated with B. anthracis is affected by two genes, sigP (BA2502) and rsiP (BA2503), predicted to encode an extracytoplasmic function sigma factor and an anti-sigma factor, respectively. Deletion of the sigP-rsiP locus abolished beta-lactamase activity in a naturally occurring penicillin-resistant strain and had no effect on beta-lactamase activity in a prototypical penicillin-susceptible strain. Complementation with sigP and rsiP from the penicillin-resistant strain, but not with sigP and rsiP from the penicillin-susceptible strain, conferred constitutive beta-lactamase activity in both mutants. These results are attributed to a nucleotide deletion near the 5' end of rsiP in the penicillin-resistant strain that is predicted to result in a nonfunctional protein. B. cereus and B. thuringiensis sigP and rsiP homologues are required for inducible penicillin resistance in these species. Expression of the B. cereus or B. thuringiensis sigP and rsiP genes in a B. anthracis sigP-rsiP-null mutant confers inducible production of beta-lactamase activity, suggesting that while B. anthracis contains the genes necessary for sensing beta-lactam antibiotics, the B. anthracis sigP and rsiP gene products are not sufficient for bla induction.

| S-EPMC2795285 | biostudies-literature

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