Two immunologically distinct Yc-type subunits are present in rat lung glutathione S-transferases.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Singh SV
PROVIDER: S-EPMC1144432 | biostudies-other | 1984 Nov
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other
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Project description:Human brain contains one cationic (pI8.3) and two anionic (pI5.5 and 4.6) forms of glutathione S-transferase. The cationic form (pI8.3) and the less-anionic form (pI5.5) do not correspond to any of the glutathione S-transferases previously characterized in human tissues. Both of these forms are dimers of 26500-Mr subunits; however, immunological and catalytic properties indicate that these two enzyme forms are different from each other. The cationic form (pI8.3) cross-reacts with antibodies raised against cationic glutathione S-transferases of human liver, whereas the anionic form (pI5.5) does not. Additionally, only the cationic form expresses glutathione peroxidase activity. The other anionic form (pI4.6) is a dimer of 24500-Mr and 22500-Mr subunits. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis demonstrates that there are three types of 26500-Mr subunits, two types of 24500-Mr subunits and two types of 22500-Mr subunits present in the glutathione S-transferases of human brain.
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Project description:Two immunologically distinct types of 22000-Mr subunits are present in rat lung glutathione S-transferases. One of these subunits is probably similar to Ya subunits of rat liver glutathione S-transferases, whereas the other subunit Ya' is immunologically distinct. Glutathione S-transferase II (pI7.2) of rat lung is a heterodimer (YaYa') of these subunits, and glutathione S-transferase VI (pI4.8) of rat lung is a homodimer of Ya' subunits. On hybridization in vitro of the subunits of glutathione S-transferase II of rat lung three active dimers having pI values 9.4, 7.2 and 4.8 are obtained. Immunological properties and substrate specificities indicate that the hybridized enzymes having pI7.2 and 4.8 correspond to glutathione S-transferases II and VI of rat lung respectively.
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Project description:Four immunologically distinct subunits were characterized in glutathione (GSH) S-transferases of human liver. Five cationic enzymes (pI 8.9, 8.5, 8.3, 8.2 and 8.0) have an apparently similar subunit composition, and are dimers of 26 500-Mr (A) and 24 500-Mr (B) subunits. A neutral enzyme, pI 6.8, is a dimer of B-type subunits. One of the anionic enzymes, pI 5.5, is also a dimer of 26 500-Mr subunits. However, the 26 500-Mr subunits of this anionic enzyme form are immunologically distinct from the A subunits of the cationic enzymes, and have been designated as A'. Immunoabsorption studies with the neutral enzyme, BB, and the antibodies raised against the cationic enzymes (AB) indicate that A and B subunits are immunologically distinct. Hybridization in vitro of the A and B subunits of the cationic enzymes (AB) results in the expected binary combinations of AA, AB and BB. Studies with the hybridized enzyme forms indicate that only the A subunits express GSH peroxidase activity. A' subunits have maximum affinity for p-nitrobenzyl chloride and p-nitrophenyl acetate, and the B subunits have highest activity towards 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene. The other anionic form, pI 4.5, present in liver is a heterodimer of 22 500-Mr (C) and B subunits. The C subunits of this enzyme are probably the same as the 22 500-Mr subunits present in human lung and placental GSH transferases. The distinct immunological nature of B and C subunits was also demonstrated by immunoaffinity and subunit-hybridization studies. The results of two-dimensional polyacrylamide-gel-electrophoretic analyses indicate that in human liver GSH transferases, three charge isomers of Mr 26 500 (A type), two charge isomers of Mr 24 500 (B type) and two charge isomers of Mr 22 500 (C type) subunits are present.
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Project description:The 55 Arabidopsis glutathione transferases (GSTs) are, with one microsomal exception, a monophyletic group of soluble enzymes that can be divided into phi, tau, theta, zeta, lambda, dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR) and TCHQD classes. The populous phi and tau classes are often highly stress inducible and regularly crop up in proteomic and transcriptomic studies. Despite much study on their xenobiotic-detoxifying activities their natural roles are unclear, although roles in defence-related secondary metabolism are likely. The smaller DHAR and lambda classes are likely glutathione-dependent reductases, the zeta class functions in tyrosine catabolism and the theta class has a putative role in detoxifying oxidised lipids. This review describes the evidence for the functional roles of GSTs and the potential for these enzymes to perform diverse functions that in many cases are not "glutathione transferase" activities. As well as biochemical data, expression data from proteomic and transcriptomic studies are included, along with subcellular localisation experiments and the results of functional genomic studies.
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