Browse
Submit Data
Databases
API
Help

Dataset Information

0 Views

0 Connections

0 Citations

0 Reanalyses

0 Downloads

Omics score: 0

Ca2+ transport and Ca2+-dependent ATP hydrolysis by Golgi vesicles from lactating rat mammary glands.

ABSTRACT: Ca2+ transport across mammary-gland Golgi membranes was measured after centrifugation of the membrane vesicles through silicone oil. In the presence of 2.3 microM free Ca2+ the vesicles accumulated 5.8 nmol of Ca2+/mg of protein without added ATP, and this uptake was complete within 0.5 min. In the presence of 1 mM-ATP, Ca2+ was accumulated at a linear rate for 10 min after the precipitation of intravesicular Ca2+ with 10 mM-potassium oxalate. ATP-dependent Ca2+ uptake exhibited a Km of 0.14 microM for Ca2+ and a Vmax. of 3.1 nmol of Ca2+/min per mg of protein. Ca2+-dependent ATP hydrolysis exhibited a Km of 0.16 microM for Ca2+ and a Vmax. of 10.1 nmol of Pi/min per mg of protein. The stoichiometry between ATP-dependent Ca2+ uptake and Ca2+-stimulated ATPase varied between 0.3 and 0.7 over the range 0.03-8.6 microM-Ca2+. Both Ca2+ uptake and Ca2+-stimulated ATPase were strongly inhibited by orthovanadate, which suggests that the major mechanism by which Golgi vesicles accumulate Ca2+ is through the action of the Ca2+-stimulated ATPase. However, Ca2+ uptake was also decreased by the protonophore CCCP (carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone), indicating that it may occur by other mechanisms too. The effect of CCCP may be related to the existence of transmembrane pH gradients (delta pH) in these vesicles: the addition of 30 microM-CCCP reduced delta pH from a control value of 1.06 to 0.73 pH unit. Golgi vesicles also possess a Ca2+-efflux pathway which operated at an initial rate of 0.5-0.57 nmol/min per mg of protein.

SUBMITTER: Virk SS

PROVIDER: S-EPMC1144772 | biostudies-other | 1985 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other

ACCESS DATA

Json Xml

Similar Datasets

The N Terminus of Sarcolipin Plays an Important Role in Uncoupling Sarco-endoplasmic Reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA) ATP Hydrolysis from Ca2+ Transport.

Project description:The sarcoendoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase (SERCA) is responsible for intracellular Ca(2+) homeostasis. SERCA activity in muscle can be regulated by phospholamban (PLB), an affinity modulator, and sarcolipin (SLN), an uncoupler. Although PLB gets dislodged from Ca(2+)-bound SERCA, SLN continues to bind SERCA throughout its kinetic cycle and promotes uncoupling of Ca(2+) transport from ATP hydrolysis. To determine the structural regions of SLN that mediate uncoupling of SERCA, we employed mutagenesis and generated chimeras of PLB and SLN. In this study we demonstrate that deletion of SLN N-terminal residues (2)ERSTQ leads to loss of the uncoupling function even though the truncated peptide can target and constitutively bind SERCA. Furthermore, molecular dynamics simulations of SLN and SERCA interaction showed a rearrangement of SERCA residues that is altered when the SLN N terminus is deleted. Interestingly, transfer of the PLB cytosolic domain to the SLN transmembrane (TM) and luminal tail causes the chimeric protein to lose SLN-like function. Further introduction of the PLB TM region into this chimera resulted in conversion to full PLB-like function. We also found that swapping PLB N and C termini with those from SLN caused the resulting chimera to acquire SLN-like function. Swapping the C terminus alone was not sufficient for this conversion. These results suggest that domains can be switched between SLN and PLB without losing the ability to regulate SERCA activity; however, the resulting chimeras acquire functions different from the parent molecules. Importantly, our studies highlight that the N termini of SLN and PLB influence their respective unique functions.

| S-EPMC4447977 | biostudies-literature

Investigating mammary glands of lactating goats for the presence of tertiary lymphoid organs.

Project description:Ectopic tertiary lymphoid organs (TLOs) have been identified in many organs, such as the lungs, nasal cavities, and kidneys of both mice and humans. Although lymphocyte aggregates have been observed in the mammary glands of ruminants, the details remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the mammary glands of lactating goats for the presence of TLOs. The localization of CD20 (B cells), CD3 (T cells), MECA79 (high endothelial venules), CD40 (follicular dendritic cells), BCL6 (germinal center), and IgA was examined by immunohistochemistry. The concentrations of IgG, IgA, lactoferrin, β-defensin-1, cathelicidin-2, cathelicidin-7, S100A7, and S100A8 in milk were measured by ELISA. The localization and amount of tight junction (TJ) proteins (claudin-3 and claudin-4) were examined using immunofluorescence and western blotting. We found that 19 out of 30 udders contained lymphocyte aggregates, which showed positive reactions against CD20, CD3, CD40, and MECA79. In addition, large-sized aggregations showed separate localization of B cells and T cells and a positive reaction against BCL6, although BCL6 was sparsely localized in the aggregations. These results indicate that mammary glands of lactating goats contain TLOs. The IgG and IgA concentrations in the milk of TLO-positive goats and the number of IgA-positive cells were higher than those in negative goats. Furthermore, claudin-4 was localized in the TJ region and the amount was higher in TLO-positive mammary glands than that in the negative group, indicating the presence of leakages at TJs. In conclusion, a majority of lactating goat udders have TLOs, which contribute to local immunity by producing immunoglobulins.

| S-EPMC9399771 | biostudies-literature

ER-to-Golgi transport and SEC23-dependent COPII vesicles regulate T cell alloimmunity.

Project description:T cell-mediated responses are dependent on their secretion of key effector molecules. However, the critical molecular determinants of the secretion of these proteins are largely undefined. Here, we demonstrate that T cell activation increases trafficking via the ER-to-Golgi pathway. To study the functional role of this pathway, we generated mice with a T cell-specific deletion in SEC23B, a core subunit of coat protein complex II (COPII). We found that SEC23B critically regulated the T cell secretome following activation. SEC23B-deficient T cells exhibited a proliferative defect and reduced effector functions in vitro, as well as in experimental models of allogeneic and xenogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation in vivo. However, T cells derived from 3 patients with congenital dyserythropoietic anemia II (CDAII), which results from Sec23b mutation, did not exhibit a similar phenotype. Mechanistic studies demonstrated that unlike murine KO T cells, T cells from patients with CDAII harbor increased levels of the closely related paralog, SEC23A. In vivo rescue of murine KO by expression of Sec23a from the Sec23b genomic locus restored T cell functions. Together, our data demonstrate a critical role for the COPII pathway, with evidence for functional overlap in vivo between SEC23 paralogs in the regulation of T cell immunity in both mice and humans.

| S-EPMC7810489 | biostudies-literature

A Ca2+-stimulated adenosine triphosphatase in Golgi-enriched membranes of lactating murine mammary tissue.

Project description:A membrane fraction isolated from lactating murine mammary tissue and enriched for the Golgi membrane marker enzyme galactosyltransferase exhibited Ca2+-stimulated ATPase activity (Ca-ATPase) in 20 microM-free Mg2+ and 10 microM-MgATP, with an apparent Km for Ca2+ of 0.8 microM. Exogenous calmodulin did not enhance Ca2+ stimulation, nor could Ca-ATPase activities be detected in millimolar total Mg2+ and ATP. When assayed with micromolar Mg2+ and MgATP the Ca-ATPases of skeletal-muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum and of calmodulin-enriched red blood cell plasma membranes were half-maximally activated by 0.1 microM- and 0.6 microM-Ca2+ respectively. All three Ca-ATPases were inhibited by similar micromolar concentrations of trifluoperazine, but the Golgi activity was unaffected by quercetin in concentrations which completely inhibited both the sarcoplasmic-reticulum and red-blood-cell enzymes. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that the high-affinity Ca-ATPase is responsible for the ATP-dependent Ca2+ transport exhibited by Golgi-enriched vesicles derived from lactating mammary gland [Neville, Selker, Semple & Watters (1981) J. Membr. Biol. 61, 97-105; West (1981) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 673, 374-386].

| S-EPMC1144395 | biostudies-other

Expression profiles of microRNAs from lactating and non-lactating bovine mammary glands and identification of miRNA related to lactation.

Project description:BackgroundMicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been implicated in the regulation of milk protein synthesis and development of the mammary gland (MG). However, the specific functions of miRNAs in these regulations are not clear. Therefore, the elucidation of miRNA expression profiles in the MG is an important step towards understanding the mechanisms of lactogenesis.ResultsTwo miRNA libraries were constructed from MG tissues taken from a lactating and a non-lactating Holstein dairy cow, respectively, and the short RNA sequences (18-30 nt) in these libraries were sequenced by Solexa sequencing method. The libraries included 885 pre-miRNAs encoding for 921 miRNAs, of which 884 miRNAs were unique sequences and 544 (61.5%) were expressed in both periods. A custom-designed microarray assay was then performed to compare miRNA expression patterns in the MG of lactating and non-lactating dairy cows. A total of 56 miRNAs in the lactating MG showed significant differences in expression compared to non-lactating MG (P<0.05). Integrative miRNA target prediction and network analysis approaches were employed to construct an interaction network of lactation-related miRNAs and their putative targets. Using a cell-based model, six miRNAs (miR-125b, miR-141, miR-181a, miR-199b, miR-484 and miR-500) were studied to reveal their possible biological significance.ConclusionOur study provides a broad view of the bovine MG miRNA expression profile characteristics. Eight hundred and eighty-four miRNAs were identified in bovine MG. Differences in types and expression levels of miRNAs were observed between lactating and non-lactating bovine MG. Systematic predictions aided in the identification of lactation-related miRNAs, providing insight into the types of miRNAs and their possible mechanisms in regulating lactation.

| S-EPMC3551688 | biostudies-literature

Incorporation into phospholipid vesicles of pore-like properties from Golgi membranes of lactating-rat mammary gland.

Project description:The ability of rat mammary-gland Golgi membranes to produce monosaccharide-specific pores in phospholipid vesicles was investigated. The apparent ability of Triton X-100 extracts of Golgi membranes to form such pores was re-evaluated, since we have now found that an apparent pore is produced by the detergent alone. We therefore incorporated intact Golgi membranes (1 mg of protein) into egg-yolk phospholipid vesicles by direct sonication in the absence of any detergent. These vesicles retained about 0.6% of the total sucrose, but demonstrated selective permeability towards glucose compared with sucrose, with 19.8% of the glucose being lost during gel filtration on Sepharose 4B. This phenomenon seemed to be enhanced by the presence of acidic phospholipids and lysophosphatidylcholine, but was inhibited by inclusion of cholesterol in the vesicles. The best mixture of phospholipids comprised 6.5 mg of egg-yolk phospholipid, 1 mg of phosphatidylserine and 0.05 mg of lysophosphatidylcholine, where 32.9% of the glucose was lost. By using this optimum phospholipid mixture the pores were shown to be permeable to both glucose and mannitol, whereas sucrose and lactose were retained by the vesicles. Chaps (3- [(3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio] propane-1-sulphonate)-solubilized membranes produced similar permeability in vesicles produced by dialysis of a solution of the phospholipids mixed with the membrane extract. This technique resulted in a greater loss of glucose, 33% loss requiring about 0.25 mg of protein. The pore-forming ability of both intact Golgi membranes and Chaps extracts was sensitive to boiling and proteolysis, indicating that a membrane protein was likely to be involved in pore formation.

| S-EPMC1146790 | biostudies-other

ATP-dependent transport of reduced glutathione in yeast secretory vesicles.

Project description:Turnover of cellular reduced glutathione (GSH) is accomplished predominantly by export into the extracellular space; however, the plasma membrane transport mechanisms that mediate GSH efflux are not well characterized. The present study examined GSH transport using secretory vesicles isolated from the sec6-4 mutant strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In contrast with studies in mammalian membrane vesicles, GSH transport in yeast secretory vesicles was mediated largely by an ATP-dependent, low-affinity pathway (Km 19+/-5 mM). ATP-dependent [3H]GSH transport was cis-inhibited by substrates of the yeast YCF1 transporter, including sulphobromophthalein, glutathione S-conjugates and the alkaloid verapamil, and was competitively inhibited by S-(2, 4-dinitrophenyl)glutathione (DNP-SG). Similarly, GSH competitively inhibited ATP-dependent [3H]DNP-SG transport, with a Ki of 18+/-2 mM, but had no effect on ATP-dependent [3H]taurocholate transport. ATP-dependent GSH transport was not affected by either membrane potential or pH-gradient uncouplers, but was inhibited by 4, 4'-di-isothiocyanatostilbene-2,2'-disulphonate, probenecid and sulphinpyrazone, which are inhibitors of mrp1 and mrp2, mammalian homologues of the yeast YCF1 transporter. Western blot analysis of the secretory vesicle membrane fraction confirmed the presence of Ycf1p. These results provide the first direct evidence for low-affinity, ATP-dependent transport of GSH, and demonstrate that this ATP-dependent pathway displays kinetic characteristics similar to those of the yeast YCF1 transporter.

| S-EPMC1219743 | biostudies-other

Stereospecific biosynthesis of triacylglycerols in mammary glands from lactating rats.

Project description:Microsomal plus cytosol preparations from the mammary gland of lactating rats are capable of incorporating palmitic acid and oleic acid into triacylglycerols. These triacylglycerols are similar in structure to those found in rat milk, where palmitic acid tends to be confined to the sn-2-position of the glycerol. Both glycerol 3-phosphate and dihydroxyacetone phosphate function as acyl acceptors. The enzymic synthesis of triacylglycerols appears in late pregnancy, increases rapidly during early lactation, but disappears within 3 days of weaning.

| S-EPMC1185961 | biostudies-other

Expression Patterns of Circular RNAs from Primary Kinase Transcripts in the Mammary Glands of Lactating Rats.

Project description:PurposeCircular RNAs (circRNAs), a novel class of RNAs, perform important functions in biological processes. However, the role of circRNAs in the mammary gland remains unknown. The present study is aimed at identifying and characterizing the circRNAs expressed in the mammary gland of lactating rats.MethodsDeep sequencing of RNase R-enriched rat lactating mammary gland samples was performed and circRNAs were predicted using a previously reported computational pipeline. Gene ontology terms of circRNA-producing genes were also analyzed.ResultsA total of 6,824 and 4,523 circRNAs were identified from rat mammary glands at two different lactation stages. Numerous circRNAs were specifically expressed at different lactation stages, and only 1,314 circRNAs were detected at both lactation stages. The majority of the candidate circRNAs map to noncoding intronic and intergenic regions. The results demonstrate a circular preference or specificity of some genes. DAVID analysis revealed an enrichment of protein kinases and related proteins among the set of genes encoding circRNAs. Interestingly, four protein-coding genes (Rev3l, IGSF11, MAML2, and LPP) that also transcribe high levels of circRNAs have been reported to be involved in cancer.ConclusionOur findings provide the basis for comparison between breast cancer profiles and for selecting representative circRNA candidates for future functional characterization in breast development and breast cancer.

| S-EPMC4600687 | biostudies-literature

Target Gene and Function Prediction of Differentially Expressed MicroRNAs in Lactating Mammary Glands of Dairy Goats.

Project description:MicroRNAs are small noncoding RNAs that can regulate gene expression, and they can be involved in the regulation of mammary gland development. The differential expression of miRNAs during mammary gland development is expected to provide insight into their roles in regulating the homeostasis of mammary gland tissues. To screen out miRNAs that should have important regulatory function in the development of mammary gland from miRNA expression profiles and to predict their function, in this study, the target genes of differentially expressed miRNAs in the lactating mammary glands of Laoshan dairy goats are predicted, and then the functions of these miRNAs are analyzed via bioinformatics. First, we screen the expression patterns of 25 miRNAs that had shown significant differences during the different lactation stages in the mammary gland. Then, these miRNAs are clustered according to their expression patterns. Computational methods were used to obtain 215 target genes for 22 of these miRNAs. Combining gene ontology annotation, Fisher's exact test, and KEGG analysis with the target prediction for these miRNAs, the regulatory functions of miRNAs belonging to different clusters are predicted.

| S-EPMC3806118 | biostudies-literature

OmicsDI is part of the ELIXIR infrastructure

OmicsDI is an Elixir interoperability service. Learn more ›

Tweets

OmicsDI Databases

PRIDE
PeptideAtlas
MassIVE
JPOST Repository
Physiome Model Repository

EGA
EVA
ENA
LINCS
PAXDB
Cell Collective

MetaboLights
Metabolomics Workbench
MetabolomeExpress
GNPS
BioModels
FAIRDOMHub

ArrayExpress
dbGaP
ExpressionAtlas
GEO
NODE

Information

Databases
Help
API
Contact us
Code on GitHub
Terms of use
Submit Data