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Potentiation of specific association of insulin with HepG2 cells by phorbol esters.

ABSTRACT: The effects of tumour-promoting phorbol esters on the receptor-mediated endocytosis of insulin were investigated in the human hepatoma cell line HepG2. Treatment of these cells with the biologically active phorbol 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA), but not with the non-tumour-promoting analogue 4 alpha-phorbol 12,13-didecanoate, resulted in dramatic morphological changes, which were accompanied by a 1.5-2.5-fold increase in specific 125I-insulin association with the cells at 37 degrees C. This increase in insulin binding was not observed when the binding reaction was performed at 4 degrees C. The potentiation of 125I-insulin association with TPA-treated cells at 37 degrees C could be completely accounted for by an increase in the intracellular pool of internalized insulin; there was no concomitant increase in cell-surface insulin binding. Dissociation studies showed that the enhanced internalization of insulin by cells after treatment with TPA resulted from a decrease in the rate of intracellular processing of the insulin after receptor-mediated endocytosis. The phorbol-ester-induced enhancement of internalized insulin in HepG2 cells was additive with the potentiation of endocytosed insulin induced by both the lysosomotropic reagent chloroquine and the ionophore monensin; this indicates that TPA affects the intracellular processing of the insulin receptor at a point other than those disrupted by either of these two reagents. The potentiation of insulin receptor internalization by tumour-promoting phorbol esters could be completely mimicked by treatment with phospholipase C, but not with phospholipase A, and partially mimicked by treatment with the synthetic diacylglycerol 1-oleoyl-2-acetylglycerol. By these criteria, the effects of phorbol esters on the insulin receptor in HepG2 cells appear to be mediated through protein kinase C. These results support the concept that the activation of protein kinase C by treatment with phorbol esters causes a perturbation of the insulin-receptor-mediated endocytotic pathway in HepG2 cells, reflected in a long-term decreased rate of dissociation of internalized insulin by the phorbol-ester-treated cells.

SUBMITTER: Blake AD

PROVIDER: S-EPMC1146810 | biostudies-other | 1986 May

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other

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Project description:Phosphorylation of membrane proteins is one of the earliest steps in cell activation induced by growth-promoting agents. Since MHC (major histocompatibility complex) class I molecules are known to contain phosphorylation sites in their C-terminal intracellular domain, we have studied the regulation of HLA (human leucocyte antigen) phosphorylation in intact cells by two mitogens, namely TPA (12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate), a phorbol ester, and insulin, which are thought to exert their mitogenic effects through the stimulation of different protein kinases (protein kinase C and a tyrosine kinase respectively). Human B lymphoblastoid cells (526 cell line) were pulsed with [32P]Pi to label the intracellular ATP pool. Cells were then stimulated for 10 min with TPA, insulin, cyclic AMP or EGF (epidermal growth factor). The reaction was stopped by cell lysis in the presence of kinase and phosphatase inhibitors, and class I HLA antigens were immunoprecipitated with monoclonal antibodies. Analysis of labelled proteins by gel electrophoresis and autoradiography revealed that TPA increased the phosphorylation of the 45 kDa class I heavy chain by 5-7-fold, and insulin increased it by 2-3-fold. Cyclic AMP and EGF had no stimulatory effect. Analysis of immunoprecipitated HLA molecules by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis showed that TPA and insulin stimulated the incorporation of 32P into different 45 kDa molecular species, suggesting that different sites were phosphorylated by two agents. Moreover, incubation of purified class I MHC antigens with partially purified insulin-receptor tyrosine kinase and [gamma-32P]ATP revealed that class I antigens could also be phosphorylated in vitro by this tyrosine kinase. Altogether, these results therefore confirm that insulin receptors and HLA class I molecules are not only structurally [Fehlmann, Peyron, Samson, Van Obberghen, Brandenburg & Brossette (1985) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 82, 8634-8637] but also functionally associated in the membranes of intact cells.

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Potentiation of specific association of insulin with HepG2 cells by phorbol esters.

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