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Post-translational alterations in newly synthesized cartilage proteoglycans induced by the glutamine analogue 6-diazo-5-oxo-L-norleucine. Time course of inhibition and recovery.

ABSTRACT: Incorporation of [35S]sulphate by cultures of matrix-free cells from chick embryo sterna in the presence of the glutamine analogue 6-diazo-5-oxo-L-norleucine (0.58 mM) was inhibited in a time-dependent manner to less than 15% of that in control cultures after 2 h. Characterization of the major cartilage proteoglycan synthesized under these conditions showed that it contained few, if any, normal-sized chondroitin sulphate chains and only about half of the normal complement of substituted serine residues. Subsequent addition of D-glucosamine hydrochloride (final concn. 2 mM) resulted in a time-dependent recovery of [35S]sulphate incorporation to 90% of control cultures after 2 h, but restored the chondroitin sulphate chains to normal size within 15 min. On the basis of these results, it is concluded that a 2 h preincubation is necessary to deplete the chondrocytes of the endogenous supply of UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine required for optimal glycoconjugate synthesis, and that this situation results in the synthesis of a chondroitin sulphate proteoglycan with significantly altered properties, owing to the paucity of glycosaminoglycan chains; however, this condition is completely reversible if the D-glucosamine pool is repleted.

SUBMITTER: Clark CC

PROVIDER: S-EPMC1149843 | biostudies-other | 1991 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other

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Characterization of newly synthesized proteoglycans from rabbit menisci in organ culture.

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| S-EPMC1144118 | biostudies-other

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| S-EPMC4705825 | biostudies-other

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| S-EPMC1138445 | biostudies-other

THRONCAT: Efficient metabolic labelling of newly synthesized proteins using a bioorthogonal threonine analogue

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2023-07-20 | PXD032368 | Pride

Neurological sequelae induced by alphavirus infection of the CNS are attenuated by treatment with the glutamine antagonist 6-diazo-5-oxo-l-norleucine.

Project description:Recovery from encephalomyelitis induced by infection with mosquito-borne alphaviruses is associated with a high risk of lifelong debilitating neurological deficits. Infection of mice with the prototypic alphavirus, Sindbis virus, provides an animal model with which to study disease mechanisms and examine potential therapeutics. Infectious virus is cleared from the brain within a week after infection, but viral RNA is cleared slowly and persists for the life of the animal. However, no studies have examined the effect of infection on neurocognitive function over time. In the present study, we examined neurocognitive function at different phases of infection in 5-week-old C57BL/6 mice intranasally inoculated with Sindbis virus. At the peak of active virus infection, mice demonstrated hyperactivity, decreased anxiety, and marked hippocampal-dependent memory deficits, the latter of which persisted beyond clearance of infectious virus and resolution of clinical signs of disease. Previous studies indicate that neuronal damage during alphavirus encephalomyelitis is primarily due to inflammatory cell infiltration and glutamate excitotoxicity rather than directly by virus infection. Therefore, mice were treated with 6-diazo-5-oxo-l-norleucine (DON), a glutamine antagonist that can suppress both the immune response and excitotoxicity. Treatment with DON decreased inflammatory cell infiltration and cell death in the hippocampus and partially prevented development of clinical signs and neurocognitive impairment despite the presence of infectious virus and high viral RNA levels. This study presents the first report of neurocognitive sequelae in mice with alphavirus encephalomyelitis and provides a model system for further elucidation of the pathogenesis of virus infection and assessment of potential therapies.

| S-EPMC4375032 | biostudies-literature

Unbiased Metabolic Profiling Predicts Sensitivity of High MYC-Expressing Atypical Teratoid/Rhabdoid Tumors to Glutamine Inhibition with 6-Diazo-5-Oxo-L-Norleucine.

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| S-EPMC6781869 | biostudies-literature

Effects of tissue compression on the hyaluronate-binding properties of newly synthesized proteoglycans in cartilage explants.

Project description:The effects of tissue compression on the hyaluronate-binding properties of newly synthesized proteoglycans in calf cartilage explants were examined. Pulse-chase experiments showed that conversion of low-affinity monomers to the high-affinity form (that is, to a form capable of forming aggregates with 1.6% hyaluronate on Sephacryl S-1000) occurred with a t1/2 of about 5.7 h in free-swelling discs at pH 7.45. Static compression during chase (in pH 7.45 medium) slowed the conversion, as did incubation in acidic medium (without compression). Both effects were dose-dependent. For example, the t1/2 for conversion was increased to about 11 h by either (1) compression from a thickness of 1.25 mm to 0.5 mm or (2) medium acidification from pH 7.45 to 6.99. Oscillatory compression of 2% amplitude at 0.001, 0.01, or 0.1 cycles/s during chase did not, however, affect the conversion. Changes in the hyaluronate-binding affinity of [35S]proteoglycans in these experiments were accompanied by no marked change in the high percentage (approximately 80%) of monomers which could form aggregates with excess hyaluronate and link protein. Since static tissue compression would result in an increased matrix proteoglycan concentration and thereby a lower intra-tissue pH [Gray, Pizzanelli, Grodzinsky & Lee (1988) J. Orthop. Res. 6, 777-792], it seems likely that matrix pH may influence proteoglycan aggregate assembly by an effect on the hyaluronate-binding affinity of proteoglycan monomer. Such a pH mechanism might have a physiological role, promoting proteoglycan deposition in regions of low proteoglycan concentration.

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N-(Pivaloyloxy)alkoxy-carbonyl Prodrugs of the Glutamine Antagonist 6-Diazo-5-oxo-l-norleucine (DON) as a Potential Treatment for HIV Associated Neurocognitive Disorders.

Project description:Aberrant excitatory neurotransmission associated with overproduction of glutamate has been implicated in the development of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND). The glutamine antagonist 6-diazo-5-oxo-l-norleucine (DON, 14) attenuates glutamate synthesis in HIV-infected microglia/macrophages, offering therapeutic potential for HAND. We show that 14 prevents manifestation of spatial memory deficits in chimeric EcoHIV-infected mice, a model of HAND. 14 is not clinically available, however, because its development was hampered by peripheral toxicities. We describe the synthesis of several substituted N-(pivaloyloxy)alkoxy-carbonyl prodrugs of 14 designed to circulate inert in plasma and be taken up and biotransformed to 14 in the brain. The lead prodrug, isopropyl 6-diazo-5-oxo-2-(((phenyl(pivaloyloxy)methoxy)carbonyl)amino)hexanoate (13d), was stable in swine and human plasma but liberated 14 in swine brain homogenate. When dosed systemically in swine, 13d provided a 15-fold enhanced CSF-to-plasma ratio and a 9-fold enhanced brain-to-plasma ratio relative to 14, opening a possible clinical path for the treatment of HAND.

| S-EPMC5795620 | biostudies-literature

RNA-sequencing on sorted tumor-associated macrophages from vehicle or JHU083 pro-drug of 6-Diazo-5-oxo-L-norleucine (glutamine antagonist) treated 4T1 (breast cancer) tumor bearing mice

Project description:RNA-sequencing was performed on sorted tumor-associated macrophages (CD45+7AAD-CD11b+F4/80+CD8-Ly6C-Ly6G-) from 4T1 tumor (murine breast cancer) bearig mice with or without JHU083, pro-drug of 6-Diazo-5-oxo-L-norleucine (glutamine antagonist) treatment for expression profiling

2020-07-08 | GSE119733 | GEO

Quantitative analysis of newly synthesized proteins.

Project description:Measuring proteome response to perturbations is critical for understanding the underlying mechanisms involved. Traditional quantitative proteomic methods are limited by the large numbers of proteins in the proteome and the mass spectrometer's dynamic range. A previous method uses the biorthogonal reagent azidohomoalanine (AHA), a methionine analog, for labeling, enrichment and detection of newly synthesized proteins (NSPs). Newly synthesized AHA proteins can be coupled to biotin via CuAAC-mediated click chemistry and enriched using avidin-based affinity purification. The combination of AHA-mediated NSP labeling with metabolic stable isotope labeling allows quantitation of low-abundant, newly secreted proteins by mass spectrometry (MS). However, the resulting multiplicity of labeling complicates NSP analysis. We developed a new NSP quantification strategy, called HILAQ (heavy isotope-labeled azidohomoalanine quantification), that uses a heavy isotope-labeled AHA molecule to enable NSP labeling, enrichment, identification and quantification. In addition, the AHA-peptide enrichment used in HILAQ improves both the identification and quantification of NSPs over AHA-protein enrichment. Here, we provide a description of the HILAQ method that includes procedures for (i) pulse-labeling and harvesting NSPs; (ii) addition of biotin by click reaction; (iii) protein precipitation; (iv) protein digestion; (v) enrichment of AHA-biotin peptides by NeutrAvidin beads and four-step elution; (vi) MS analysis; and (vii) data analysis for the identification and quantification of NSPs by ProLuCID and pQuant. We demonstrate our HILAQ approach by identifying NSPs from cell cultures, but we anticipate that it can be adapted for applications in animal models. The whole protocol takes ~6 d to complete.

| S-EPMC7422752 | biostudies-literature

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