Cyclic AMP-evoked oscillations of intracellular [Ca2+] in guinea-pig hepatocytes.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Capiod T
PROVIDER: S-EPMC1150046 | biostudies-other | 1991 Apr
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other
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Project description:Cholesterol depletion reversibly abolishes carbachol-evoked Ca(2+) release from inositol (1,4,5)-trisphosphate (IP3)-sensitive stores, without affecting the distribution of IP3 receptors (IP3R) or endoplasmic reticulum, IP3 formation or responses to photolysis of caged IP3. Receptors that stimulate cAMP formation do not alone evoke Ca(2+) signals, but they potentiate those evoked by carbachol. We show that these potentiated signals are entirely unaffected by cholesterol depletion and that, within individual cells, different IP3-sensitive Ca(2+) stores are released by carbachol alone and by carbachol combined with receptors that stimulate cAMP formation. We suggest that muscarinic acetylcholine receptors in lipid rafts deliver IP3 at high concentration to associated IP3R, stimulating them to release Ca(2+). Muscarinic receptors outside rafts are less closely associated with IP3R and provide insufficient local IP3 to activate IP3R directly. These IP3R, probably type 2 IP3R within a discrete Ca(2+) store, are activated only when their sensitivity is increased by cAMP. Sensitization of IP3R by cAMP extends the effective range of signalling by phospholipase C, allowing muscarinic receptors that are otherwise ineffective to recruit additional IP3-sensitive Ca(2+) stores.
| S-EPMC3672942 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The effect of cGMP on noradrenaline-induced intracellular Ca2+ mobilization was investigated in whole-cell voltage-clamped guinea-pig hepatocytes. Treatment of the cells with 8-Br-cGMP (1-500 microM) resulted in an increase in the sensitivity of the cells to noradrenaline and to inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (InsP3) photo-released from caged InsP3. The positive effect of 8-Br-cGMP on the Ca2+ release evoked by Ca(2+)-mobilizing agonists or InsP3 was blocked by a protein kinase G (PKG; cGMP-dependent protein kinase) inhibitor, the RP-8-(4-chlorophenylthio)guanosine 3':5'-monophosphorothioate. 8-Br-cGMP affected neither the basal InsP3 concentration nor the noradrenaline-induced production of InsP3. In permeabilized hepatocytes, the dose-response curve for InsP3-induced Ca2+ release was shifted to the left in the presence of 8-Br-cGMP. Furthermore, the treatment with 8-Br-cGMP did not affect the Ca2+ content of the InsP3-sensitive Ca2+ stores. These results indicate that intracellular cGMP potentiates the noradrenaline-induced Ca2+ response by enhancing Ca2+ release from the intracellular Ca2+ stores. We suggest that cGMP increases the apparent affinity of InsP3 receptors for InsP3 in guinea-pig hepatocytes probably by phosphorylation via the activation of PKG.
| S-EPMC1217695 | biostudies-other
Project description:Single aequorin-injected hepatocytes respond to agonists acting via the phosphoinositide signalling pathway by the generation of oscillations in cytosolic free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]free). The duration of [Ca2+]free transients is characteristic of the stimulating agonist. We have previously reported that ADP and ATP, which are believed to act through a single P(2y)-purinoceptor species, induce very different oscillatory [Ca2+]free responses in the majority of hepatocytes. We have interpreted these data as evidence for two separate Ca(2+)-mobilizing purinoceptors for these nucleotides. We show here that the elevation of intracellular cyclic AMP concentration, by the co-application of either dibutyryl cyclic AMP or 7 beta-desacetyl-7 beta-[gamma-(N-methylpiperazino)butyryl]- forskolin (L858051), exerts different modulatory effects on [Ca2+]free oscillations induced by ADP and ATP in single rat hepatocytes. Elevated intracellular cyclic AMP levels enhance the frequency and peak [Ca2+]free of transients induced by ADP. In contrast, the elevation of intracellular cyclic AMP levels in hepatocytes producing [Ca2+]free oscillations in response to ATP stimulates either an increase in the duration of transients or a sustained rise in [Ca2+]free. The data illustrate a further difference between the oscillatory [Ca2+]free responses of hepatocytes to ADP and ATP, thus further arguing against ADP and ATP acting via a single purinoceptor species.
| S-EPMC1137322 | biostudies-other
Project description:Local control of Ca(2+)-induced Ca(2+) release (CICR) depends on the spatial organization of L-type Ca(2+) channels and ryanodine receptors (RyR) in the dyad. Analogously, Ca(2+) uptake by mitochondria is facilitated by their close proximity to the Ca(2+) release sites, a process required for stimulating oxidative phosphorylation during changes in work. Mitochondrial feedback on CICR is less well understood. Since mitochondria are a primary source of reactive oxygen species (ROS), they could potentially influence the cytosolic redox state, in turn altering RyR open probability. We have shown that self-sustained oscillations in mitochondrial inner membrane potential (??(m)), NADH, ROS, and reduced glutathione (GSH) can be triggered by a laser flash in cardiomyocytes. Here, we employ this method to directly examine how acute changes in energy state dynamically influence resting Ca(2+) spark occurrence and properties. Two-photon laser scanning microscopy was used to monitor cytosolic Ca(2+) (or ROS), ??(m), and NADH (or GSH) simultaneously in isolated guinea pig cardiomyocytes. Resting Ca(2+) spark frequency increased with each ??(m) depolarization and decreased with ??(m) repolarization without affecting Ca(2+) spark amplitude or time-to-peak. Stabilization of mitochondrial energetics by pretreatment with the superoxide scavenger TMPyP, or by acute addition of 4'-chlorodiazepam, a mitochondrial benzodiazepine receptor antagonist that blocks the inner membrane anion channel, prevented or reversed, respectively, the increased spark frequency. Cyclosporine A did not block the ??(m) oscillations or prevent Ca(2+) spark modulation by ??(m). The results support the hypothesis that mitochondria exert an influential role on the redox environment of the Ca(2+) handling subsystem, with mechanistic implications for the pathophysiology of cardiac disease.
| S-EPMC3179563 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Because sperm cannot synthesize new proteins as they journey to the egg, they use multiple mechanisms to modify the activity of existing proteins, including changes in the diffusion coefficient of some membrane proteins. Previously, we showed that during capacitation the guinea pig heterodimeric membrane protein ADAM1/ADAM2 (fertilin) transforms from a stationary state to one of rapid diffusion within the lipid bilayer. The cause for this biophysical change, however, was unknown. In this study we examined whether an increase in cAMP, such as occurs during capacitation, could trigger this change. We incubated guinea pig cauda sperm with the membrane-permeable cAMP analog dibutyryl cAMP (db-cAMP) and the phosphodiesterase inhibitor papaverine and first tested for indications of capacitation. We observed hypermotility and acrosome-reaction competence. We then used fluorescence redistribution after photobleaching (FRAP) to measure the lateral mobility of ADAM1/ADAM2 after the db-cAMP treatment. We observed that db-cAMP caused roughly a 12-fold increase in lateral mobility of ADAM1/ADAM2, yielding diffusion similar to that observed for sperm capacitated in vitro. When we repeated the FRAP on testicular sperm incubated in db-cAMP, we found only a modest increase in lateral mobility of ADAM1/ADAM2, which underwent little redistribution. Interestingly, testicular sperm also cannot be induced to undergo capacitation. Together, the data suggest that the release of ADAM1/ADAM2 from its diffusion constraints results from a cAMP-induced signaling pathway that, like others of capacitation, is established during epididymal sperm maturation.
| S-EPMC2714999 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Membrane depolarization triggers Ca(2+) release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) in skeletal muscles via direct interaction between the voltage-gated L-type Ca(2+) channels (the dihydropyridine receptors; VGCCs) and ryanodine receptors (RyRs), while in cardiac muscles Ca(2+) entry through VGCCs triggers RyR-mediated Ca(2+) release via a Ca(2+)-induced Ca(2+) release (CICR) mechanism. Here we demonstrate that in phasic smooth muscle of the guinea-pig small intestine, excitation evoked by muscarinic receptor activation triggers an abrupt Ca(2+) release from sub-plasmalemmal (sub-PM) SR elements enriched with inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors (IP(3)Rs) and poor in RyRs. This was followed by a lesser rise, or oscillations in [Ca(2+)](i). The initial abrupt sub-PM [Ca(2+)](i) upstroke was all but abolished by block of VGCCs (by 5 microM nicardipine), depletion of intracellular Ca(2+) stores (with 10 microM cyclopiazonic acid) or inhibition of IP(3)Rs (by 2 microM xestospongin C or 30 microM 2-APB), but was not affected by block of RyRs (by 50-100 microM tetracaine or 100 microM ryanodine). Inhibition of either IP(3)Rs or RyRs attenuated phasic muscarinic contraction by 73%. Thus, in contrast to cardiac muscles, excitation-contraction coupling in this phasic visceral smooth muscle occurs by Ca(2+) entry through VGCCs which evokes an initial IP(3)R-mediated Ca(2+) release activated via a CICR mechanism.
| S-EPMC2268754 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a promising cell source for regenerative medicine. However, the cellular biology of these cells is not fully understood. The present study characterizes the cyclic ADP-ribose (cADPR)-mediated Ca(2+) signals in human MSCs and finds that externally applied cADPR can increase the frequency of spontaneous intracellular Ca(2+) (Ca(2+) (i) ) oscillations. The increase was abrogated by a specific cADPR antagonist or an inositol trisphosphate receptor (IP3R) inhibitor, but not by ryanodine. In addition, the cADPR-induced increase of Ca(2+) (i) oscillation frequency was prevented by inhibitors of nucleoside transporter or by inhibitors of the transient receptor potential cation melastatin-2 (TRPM2) channel. RT-PCR revealed mRNAs for the nucleoside transporters, concentrative nucleoside transporters 1/2 and equilibrative nucleoside transporters 1/3, IP3R1/2/3 and the TRPM2 channel, but not those for ryanodine receptors and CD38 in human MSCs. Knockdown of the TRPM2 channel by specific short interference RNA abolished the effect of cADPR on the Ca(2+) (i) oscillation frequency, and prevented the stimulation of proliferation by cADPR. Moreover, cADPR remarkably increased phosphorylated extracellular-signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2), but not Akt or p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). However, cADPR had no effect on adipogenesis or osteogenesis in human MSCs. Our results indicate that cADPR is a novel regulator of Ca(2+) (i) oscillations in human MSCs. It permeates the cell membrane through the nucleoside transporters and increases Ca(2+) oscillation via activation of the TRPM2 channel, resulting in enhanced phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and, thereby, stimulation of human MSC proliferation. This study delineates an alternate signalling pathway of cADPR that is distinct from its well-established role of serving as a Ca(2+) messenger for mobilizing the internal Ca(2+) stores. Whether cADPR can be used clinically for stimulating marrow function in patients with marrow disorders remains to be further studied.
| S-EPMC4373437 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Both cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase and cyclic GMP phosphodiesterase were recovered mainly from the supernatant fractions of guinea-pig pancreas, but a higher proportion of the activity of the former was associated with the pellet fractions. The activities in the supernatant were not separated by gel filtration, but were clearly separated by subsequent chromatography on an anion-exchange resin. The activities of cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase and cyclic GMP phosphodiesterase had high-affinity (K(m) 6.5+/-1.1mum and 31.9+/-3.9mum respectively) and low-affinity (K(m) 0.56+/-0.05mm and 0.32+/-0.03mm respectively) components. The activity of neither enzyme was affected by the pancreatic secretogens, cholecystokinin-pancreozymin, secretin and carbachol. Removal of ions by gel filtration resulted in a marked reduction in cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity, which could be restored by addition of Mg(2+). Mn(2+) (3mm) was as effective as Mg(2+) (3mm) in the case of cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase, but was less than half as effective in the case of cyclic GMP phosphodiesterase. The metal-ion chelators, EDTA and EGTA, also decreased activity. Ca(2+) (1mm) did not affect the activity of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase when the concentration of Mg(2+) was 3mm. At concentrations of Mg(2+) between 0.1 and 1mm, 1mm-Ca(2+) was activatory, and at concentrations of Mg(2+) below 0.1mm, 1mm-Ca(2+) was inhibitory. These results are discussed in terms of the possible significance of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase in the physiological control of cyclic nucleotide concentrations during stimulus-secretion coupling.
| S-EPMC1161601 | biostudies-other
Project description:In permeabilized hepatocytes, inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate, inositol 2,4,5-trisphosphate and inositol 4,5-bisphosphate induced rapid release of Ca2+ from an ATP-dependent, non-mitochondrial vesicular pool, probably endoplasmic reticulum. The order of potency was inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate greater than inositol 2,4,5-trisphosphate greater than inositol 4,5-bisphosphate. The Ca2+-releasing action of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate is not inhibited by high [Ca2+], nor is it dependent on [ATP] in the range of 50 microM-1.5 mM. These results suggest a role for inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate as a second messenger in hormone-induced Ca2+ mobilisation, and that a specific receptor is involved in the Ca2+-release mechanism.
| S-EPMC1144508 | biostudies-other
Project description:1. The adenosine receptor subtype mediating adenosine 3' : 5'-cyclic monophosphate (cyclic AMP) formation and the effect of its activation on endothelin-1 (ET-1) secretion were studied in primary cultures of tracheal epithelial cells. 2. Adenosine analogues showed the following rank order of potency (pD(2) value) and intrinsic activity on the generation of cyclic AMP by tracheal epithelial cells: 5'-N-ethylcarboxyamidoadenosine (NECA, A(1)/A(2A)/A(2B), pD(2): 5.44+/-0.16)>adenosine (ADO, non selective, pD(2): 4.99+/-0. 09; 71+/-9% of NECA response) >/=2-Cl-adenosine (2CADO, non selective, pD(2): 4.72+/-0.14; 65+/-9% of NECA response)>>>CGS21680 (A(2A); inactive at up to 100 microM). 3. Cyclic AMP formation stimulated by NECA in guinea-pig tracheal epithelial cells was inhibited by adenosine receptor antagonist with the following order of apparent affinity (pA(2) value): Xanthine amine congeners (XAC, A(2A)/A(2B), 7.89+/-0.22)>CGS15943 (A(2A)/A(2B), 7.24+/-0. 26)>ZM241385 (A(2A), 6.69+/-0.14)>DPCPX (A(1), 6.51+/-0. 14)>3n-propylxanthine (weak A(2B), 4.30+/-0.10). This rank order of potency is typical for A(2B)-adenosine receptor. 4. Adenosine decreased basal and LPS-stimulated irET production in a concentration-dependent manner. Moreover, NECA but not CGS21680 inhibited LPS-induced irET production. 5. The inhibitory effect of NECA on LPS-induced irET production was reversed by XAC (pA(2)=8.84+/-0. 12) and DPCPX (pA(2)=8.10+/-0.22). 6. These results suggested that adenosine increased cyclic AMP formation and inhibited irET production/secretion by guinea-pig tracheal epithelial cells through the activation of a functional adenosine receptor that is most likely the A(2B) subtype. This adenosine receptor may be involved in the regulation of the level of ET-1 production/secretion by guinea-pig tracheal epithelial cells in physiological as well as in pathophysiological conditions.
| S-EPMC1571824 | biostudies-literature