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Metabolism of glucose in hyper- and hypo-thyroid rats in vivo. Relation of catecholamine actions to thyroid activity in controlling glucose turnover.

ABSTRACT: 1. In euthyroid rats, treatment with reserpine of 6-hydroxydopamine, which deprived neuronal terminals of catecholamines, resulted in increases in rates and rate coefficients for blood glucose turnover in the starved states as determined by decay of [U-14C,6-3H]-glucose. Conversely, the injection of adrenaline or noradrenaline into starved euthyroid rats caused a marked decrease in rate coeeficients for glucose turnover. There was no change in the percentage glucose recycling under these conditions. 2. Adrenaline and noradrenaline caused more pronounced hyperglycaemia in hyperthyroid than in euthyroid rats owing to the greater activation of hepatic glucose production. 3. The increase in glucose turnover characteristics of hyperthyroidism was observed even after treatment with an alpha- or beta-adrenergic antagonist, showing the insignificant role of the balance between alpha- and beta-adrenergic receptors in the thyroid-dependent metabolic changes. 4. Rate coefficients for glucose turnover were not affected by reserpine treatment or catecholamine injections when rats had been rendered hyperthyroid. 5. Thus catecholamines are direct determinants of glucose-turnover rates in the starved state, and depend to some extent on the prevailing thyroid state.

SUBMITTER: Okajima F

PROVIDER: S-EPMC1161340 | biostudies-other | 1979 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other

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Metabolism of glucose in hyper- and hypo-thyroid rats in vivo. Minor role of endogenous insulin in thyroid-dependent changes in glucose turnover.

Project description:1. Rates and rate coefficients of glucose utilization and replacement (glucose turnover) as well as its recycling were determined in rats by using [U-14C]- and [2-3H]-, [3-3H]- or [6-3H]-glucose. 2. In euthyroid rats, the blood concentration of glucose was 1.5 times and its turnover rate was 2 times as high in the fed state as in the starved state; consequently the rate coefficient, a measure of the capacity of rats to utilize blood glucose, was also higher in the former than in the latter. 3. Induction of mild diabetes by streptozotocin exerted little influence on the content and turnover of blood glucose in the starved state, whereas it caused hyperglycaemia and a decrease in the rate coefficient after feeding. 4. Induction of hyperthyroidism caused increases in rates and rate coefficients of glucose turnover to substantially the same extent whether or not the plasma concentration of insulin was lowered by treatment with streptozotocin or injection with anti-insulin serum. 5. It is concluded that thyroid hormones are capable of enhancing glucose turnover in the starved state independently of endogenous insulin, which plays a significant role in increasing glucose utilization in the fed state.

| S-EPMC1161339 | biostudies-other

Metabolism of glucose in hyper- and hypo-thyroid rats in vivo. Glucose-turnover values and futile-cycle activities obtained with 14C- and 3H-labelled glucose.

Project description:1. A trace amount of glucose labelled with 14C uniformly and with 3H at position 2, 3 or 6 was injected intravenously into starved rats to measure the turnover rate of blood glucose. 2. Reliable estimates were made based on the semilogarithmic plot of specific radioactivity of the glucose contained in whole blood samples taken from the tail vein. 3. Glucose turned over more rapidly in hyperthyroid and more slowly in hypothyroid than in euthyroid rats. The percentage contribution of glucose recycling (determined from the difference in replacement rates between [U-14C]glucose and [6-3H]glucose) to the glucose utilization increased on induction of hyperthyroidism. 4. Futile cycles between glucose and glucose 6-phosphate (determined from the difference between replacement rates of [2-3H]glucose and [6-3H]glucose) were activated and inactivated by induction of hyperthyroid and hypothyroid states respectively. 5. The hepatic content of glycogen was much lower in hyper- and hypo-thyroid than in euthyroid rats. The enhanced glucose production in hyperthyroid rats resulted from not only activationof hepatic gluconeogenesis but also diversion of the final product of gluconeogenesis from liver glycogen to blood glucose. In hypothyroidism, the inhibition of gluconeogensis led to suppression of both glucose production and glycogenesis in the liver.

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HCV Hypo- vs. Hyper-Phosphorylated NS5A Interactome

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| S-EPMC1165545 | biostudies-other

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| S-EPMC1133414 | biostudies-other

Effects of hypo- and hyper-thyroidism on liver composition, blood glucose, ketone bodies and insulin in the male rat.

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| S-EPMC1173811 | biostudies-other

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| S-EPMC4266299 | biostudies-literature

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