Enzymic synthesis of sym-homospermidine in Lathyrus sativus (grass pea) seedlings.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Srivenugopal KS
PROVIDER: S-EPMC1162113 | biostudies-other | 1980 Aug
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other
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Project description:Grass pea (Lathyrus sativus) is a leguminous plant of outstanding tolerance to abiotic stress. The aim of the presented study was to describe the mechanism of grass pea (Lathyrus sativus L.) photosynthetic apparatus acclimatisation strategies to salinity stress. The seedlings were cultivated in a hydroponic system in media containing various concentrations of NaCl (0, 50, and 100 mM), imitating none, moderate, and severe salinity, respectively, for three weeks. In order to characterise the function and structure of the photosynthetic apparatus, Chl a fluorescence, gas exchange measurements, proteome analysis, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) analysis were done inter alia. Significant differences in the response of the leaf and stem photosynthetic apparatus to severe salt stress were observed. Leaves became the place of harmful ion (Na+) accumulation, and the efficiency of their carboxylation decreased sharply. In turn, in stems, the reconstruction of the photosynthetic apparatus (antenna and photosystem complexes) activated alternative electron transport pathways, leading to effective ATP synthesis, which is required for the efficient translocation of Na+ to leaves. These changes enabled efficient stem carboxylation and made them the main source of assimilates. The observed changes indicate the high plasticity of grass pea photosynthetic apparatus, providing an effective mechanism of tolerance to salinity stress.
| S-EPMC7828162 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Draft genome assembly and annotation for Grass pea (Lathyrus sativus) line LS007
| PRJEB33571 | ENA
Project description:Expressed sequence tags (ESTs) in public databases and cross-species transferable markers are considered to be a cost-effective means for developing sequence-based markers for less-studied species. In this study, EST-simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers developed from Lathyrus sativus L. EST sequences and cross-transferable EST-SSRs derived from Medicago truncatula L. were utilized to investigate the genetic diversity among grass pea populations from Ethiopia. A total of 45 alleles were detected using eleven EST-SSRs with an average of four alleles per locus. The average polymorphism information content for all primers was 0.416. The average gene diversity was 0.477, ranging from 0.205 for marker Ls942 to 0.804 for MtBA32F05. F(ST) values estimated by analysis of molecular variance were 0.01, 0.15, and 0.84 for among regions, among accessions and within accessions respectively, indicating that most of the variation (84%) resides within accessions. Model-based cluster analysis grouped the accessions into three clusters, grouping accessions irrespective of their collection regions. Among the regions, high levels of diversity were observed in Gojam, Gonder, Shewa and Welo regions, with Gonder region showing a higher number of different alleles. From breeding and conservation aspects, conducting a close study on a specific population would be advisable for genetic improvement in the crop, and it would be appropriate if future collection and conservation plans give due attention to under-represented regions. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s11032-011-9662-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
| S-EPMC3410020 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Oxalic acid is a small metabolite found in many plants. It serves as protection from herbivores, a chelator of metal ions, a regulator of calcium levels, and additional tasks. However, it is also a strong di-carboxylic acid that can compromise plant viability by reducing cellular pH. Several metabolic pathways have evolved to control oxalate levels in plants by enzymatic degradation. Among them is the pathway that utilizes oxalyl-CoA synthetase (OCS, EC 6.2.1.8) and ATP to convert oxalate to oxalyl-CoA. Oxalyl-CoA can then be degraded to CO2 or utilized as a precursor for the synthesis of other compounds. In grass pea (Lathyrus sativus L.), a grain legume grown in Asia and Africa for human and animal consumption, the neurotoxic compound β-N-oxalyl-l-α,β-diaminopropionic acid (β-ODAP) is synthesized from oxalyl-CoA and l-α,β-diaminopropionic acid (l-DAPA). Here, we report on the identification and characterization of oxalyl CoA-synthetase from grass pea (LsOCS). The gene encoding LsOCS was amplified from grass pea, and then expressed and purified from E. coli cells as an untagged, monomeric protein of 56 kDa. Its catalytic efficiency with oxalate, K oxalate M = 71.5 ± 13.3 μM, V max = 8.2 ± 0.8 μmole min-1 mg-1, was similar to that of OCS homologs from Arabidopsis thaliana (AtAAE3) and Medicago truncatula (MtAAE3). The enzyme was crystalized in complex with AMP and is the first OCS whose structure was determined in the thioester-forming conformation. Finally, we propose that substituting LsOCS with an oxalate oxidase or decarboxylase may reduce the levels of β-ODAP in grass pea.
| S-EPMC8905533 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Grass pea (L. sativus L.) is a widely cultivated crop worldwide, forming a symbiotic relationship with nitrogen-fixing rhizobia. Glyphosate is commonly used by farmers for weed control during agricultural processes. However, the application of this chemical herbicide negatively impacts soil fertility by affecting the nitrogen-fixing rhizobia. This study aimed to assess the effects of glyphosate on rhizobia isolated from healthy and robust Grass pea plants. Specifically, Grass pea plants exhibiting vigorous growth and a healthy appearance were intentionally selected to isolate rhizobia from their root nodules. The isolated rhizobia were then characterized based on their morphological features, biochemical properties, and resistance to abiotic traits. Rhizobial isolates from grass peas exhibited Gram-negative, rod-shaped morphology, milky colony color, and variable colony sizes. Additionally, the majority displayed smooth colony surfaces on yeast extract mannitol agar medium. Based on morphological and biochemical characteristics, the isolates could be grouped under the genus Rhizobium. Optimum growth conditions for these isolates were observed at temperatures between 28 and 38 °C, pH levels ranging from 5 to 8, and salt (NaCl) concentrations of 0.5% and 1%. At a concentration of 20 mL L-1, glyphosate inhibited 5.52-47% of the Rhizobium population. The inhibition percentage increased to 17.1-53.38% at a concentration of 40 mL L-1. However, when exposed to a higher concentration (60 mL/L) of glyphosate, 87% of the isolates were inhibited. The number of colonies after glyphosate exposure was significantly dependent on concentration, and there were notable differences between treatments with varying glyphosate concentrations (p < 0.05). Glyphosate negatively impacted the survival of grass pea rhizobia, leading to a reduction in the Rhizobium population (CFU). However, the effect varied between Rhizobium isolated from grass pea root nodules.
| S-EPMC10700605 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Glutamate:glyoxylate aminotransferase had been reported to be present exclusively in the peroxisomes of plant leaves and to participate in the glycollate pathway in leaf photorespiration (Tolbert (1971) Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. 22, 45-74]. Glutamate:glyoxylate aminotransferase activity was already present in the etiolated cotyledons of cucumber (Cucumis sativus) seedlings, and increased during greening. The enzyme was present only in the cytosol of the etiolated cotyledons and appeared in the peroxisomes during greening. The enzyme was purified to homogeneity from the cytosol of the etiolated cotyledons and from the peroxisomes of the green cotyledons of cucumber seedlings. The two enzyme preparations had nearly identical enzymic and physical properties. On the basis of these findings, roles of glutamate:glyoxylate aminotransferase in the glycollate pathway in photorespiration, and the mechanism of its appearance in the peroxisomes during greening, are discussed.
| S-EPMC1163627 | biostudies-other
Project description:To investigate the mechanistic effects of UV irradiation on pea seedlings at the protein level, proteomic analyses were performed on pea seedlings irradiated daily with 0 and 10 min UV-B.
2023-05-04 | PXD038486 | Pride
Project description:Grass pea is a promising crop with the potential to provide food and fodder, but its genomics has not been adequately explored. Identifying genes for desirable traits, such as drought tolerance and disease resistance, is critical for improving the plant. Grass pea currently lacks known R-genes, including the nucleotide-binding site-leucine-rich repeat (NBS-LRR) gene family, which plays a key role in protecting the plant from biotic and abiotic stresses. In our study, we used the recently published grass pea genome and available transcriptomic data to identify 274 NBS-LRR genes. The evolutionary relationships between the classified genes on the reported plants and LsNBS revealed that 124 genes have TNL domains, while 150 genes have CNL domains. All genes contained exons, ranging from 1 to 7. Ten conserved motifs with lengths ranging from 16 to 30 amino acids were identified. We found TIR-domain-containing genes in 132 LsNBSs, with 63 TIR-1 and 69 TIR-2, and RX-CCLike in 84 LsNBSs. We also identified several popular motifs, including P-loop, Uup, kinase-GTPase, ABC, ChvD, CDC6, Rnase_H, Smc, CDC48, and SpoVK. According to the gene enrichment analysis, the identified genes undergo several biological processes such as plant defense, innate immunity, hydrolase activity, and DNA binding. In the upstream regions, 103 transcription factors were identified that govern the transcription of nearby genes affecting the plant excretion of salicylic acid, methyl jasmonate, ethylene, and abscisic acid. According to RNA-Seq expression analysis, 85% of the encoded genes have high expression levels. Nine LsNBS genes were selected for qPCR under salt stress conditions. The majority of the genes showed upregulation at 50 and 200 μM NaCl. However, LsNBS-D18, LsNBS-D204, and LsNBS-D180 showed reduced or drastic downregulation compared to their respective expression levels, providing further insights into the potential functions of LsNBSs under salt stress conditions. They provide valuable insights into the potential functions of LsNBSs under salt stress conditions. Our findings also shed light on the evolution and classification of NBS-LRR genes in legumes, highlighting the potential of grass pea. Further research could focus on the functional analysis of these genes, and their potential use in breeding programs to improve the salinity, drought, and disease resistance of this important crop.
| S-EPMC10318170 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Here, we investigated the synthetic processes for the methyl derivatives of sym-triaminobenzene and phloroglucinol, the essential chemical reactants coming into use in the production of dyes and pigments, and medicinal drugs for different purposes. The most eco-benign process for the synthesis of triamino derivatives involves the catalytic hydrogenation of corresponding nitroarenes. The present study investigated the hydrogenation of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene, 2,4,6-trinitroxylene, and 2,4,6-trinitromesitylene over a Pd catalyst. A 1% Pd/Sibunit catalyst was found to be preferable to the 5% analogue with a preserved palladium loading because it shortens the reaction time and provides a higher yield of the target product. The hydrogenation in methanol (or mixed methanol/toluene) at 50-55 °C and 0.5 MPa pressure produced 2,4,6-triaminotoluene, 2,4,6-triaminoxylene, and 2,4,6-triaminomesitylene, which were isolated as sulfuric acid salts in 98, 91, and 97% yields, respectively. The hydrolysis process of the resultant salts was examined, and conditions leading to mono-, di-, and trimethyl derivatives of phloroglucinol (90, 77, and 82%, respectively,) were identified. The hydrogenation of the trinitrobenzene homologues in mixed 7:1 (v/v) acetone/water, followed by hydrolysis to the respective polyphenols, was explored. A successful result was achieved only for 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene. The catalyst activity was shown to decline negligibly throughout 10 cycles of reuse. 2-Methylphloroglucinol was synthesized in a high yield ranging from 85 to 91% calculated as 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene.
| S-EPMC9737077 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Cucumber is very sensitive to salt stress, and excessive salt content in soils seriously affects normal growth and development, posing a serious threat to commercial production. In this study, the recombinant inbred line (RIL) population (from a cross between the salt tolerant line CG104 and salt sensitive line CG37) was used to study the genetic mechanism of salt tolerance in cucumber seedlings. At the same time, the candidate genes within the mapping region were cloned and analyzed. The results showed that salt tolerance in cucumber seedlings is a quantitative trait controlled by multiple genes. In experiments carried out in April and July 2019, qST6.2 on chromosome six was repeatedly detected. It was delimited into a 1397.1 kb region, and nine genes related to salt tolerance were identified. Among these genes, Csa6G487740 and Csa6G489940 showed variations in amino acid sequence between lines CG104 and CG37. Subsequent qRT-PCR showed that the relative expression levels of both genes during salt treatment were significantly different between the two parents. These results provide a basis for the fine mapping of salt tolerant genes and further study of the molecular mechanism of salt tolerance in cucumber seedlings.
| S-EPMC7823655 | biostudies-literature