16Beta-hydroxylation of dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate by homogenates of human foetal liver.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Wynne KN
PROVIDER: S-EPMC1163763 | biostudies-other | 1976 May
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other
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Project description:A form of sulphotransferase capable of sulphating dehydroepiandrosterone and other steroids was purified from cytosol prepared from human liver. Dehydroepiandrosterone sulphotransferase was purified 621-fold when compared with the activity in cytosol using DEAE-Sepharose CL-6B and adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate-agarose affinity chromatography. During affinity chromatography, dehydroepiandrosterone sulphation activity could be resolved from p-nitrophenol sulphation activity catalysed by phenol sulphotransferase by using a gradient of adenosine 3'-phosphate 5'-phosphosulphate. The purified enzyme was most active towards dehydroepiandrosterone but was capable of conjugating a number of other steroids, including pregnenolone, androsterone and beta-oestradiol. No activity towards p-nitrophenol or dopamine, substrates for the phenol sulphotransferase, was observed with the pure enzyme. A single band with a subunit molecular mass of 35 kDa was observed by Coomassie Blue staining following SDS/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis of the purified enzyme. A molecular mass of 68-70 kDa was calculated for the active form of the enzyme by chromatography on Sephacryl S-200, suggesting that the active form of the enzyme is a dimer.
| S-EPMC1138726 | biostudies-other
Project description:Dehydroepiandrosterone sulphotransferase (DHEA-ST) catalyses the 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulphate-dependent sulphation of a wide variety of steroids in human liver and adrenal tissue and is responsible for most, if not all, of the sulphation of bile acids in human liver. This report describes the isolation, characterization and expression of a cDNA which encodes human liver DHEA-ST. The DHEA-ST cDNA, designated DHEA-ST8, was isolated from a Uni-Zap XR human liver cDNA library and is composed of 1060 bp and contains an open reading frame encoding a 285-amino-acid protein with a molecular mass of approx. 33765 Da. Translation of DHEA-ST8 in vitro generated a protein identical in molecular size with that of DHEA-ST. Expression of DHEA-ST8 in COS-7 cells produces an active DHEA-ST protein which is capable of sulphating DHEA, has the same molecular mass as human liver DHEA-ST and is recognized by rabbit anti-(human liver DHEA-ST) antibodies. Northern-blot analysis of human liver RNA detects the presence of three different size transcripts; however, Southern-blot analysis of human DNA suggests that only one gene may be present in the genome. These results describe the cloning of a human ST which has an important role in the sulphation of steroids and bile acids in human liver and adrenals.
| S-EPMC1132155 | biostudies-other
Project description:1. Dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate was hydrolysed by human placental steroid 3beta-sulphatase in H(2) (18)O. Equimolar amounts of dehydroepiandrosterone and sodium sulphate were similarly incubated as controls. After incubation, unconjugated steroid was extracted with ether and sulphate precipitated as barium sulphate. Both were analysed for (18)O-content by mass spectroscopy, the sulphate as carbon dioxide after initial pyrolysis with graphite. 2. In duplicate experiments, amounts of (18)O equivalent to 67% and 72% respectively of the theoretical content calculated for rupture of the O-S bond were present in the sulphate. As the enzyme preparation used was a microsomal preparation containing unenriched endogenous sulphate and phosphate, and as no incorporation of isotope was found in the steroid, it is concluded that the placental enzyme effects hydrolysis by rupture of the O-S bond.
| S-EPMC1184956 | biostudies-other
Project description:Incubation of liver explants from second-trimester human foetuses with dexamethasone, glucagon or dibutyryl cyclic AMP (plus theophylline) increased the activity of liver cystathionase from unmeasurable or trace values to adult values. Simultaneous incubation with cycloheximide or actinomycin D inhibited this effect.
| S-EPMC1168542 | biostudies-other
Project description:OBJECTIVE:Little is known about the relationships of dietary factors, physical activity and sedentary behaviour to dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEAS) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) concentrations among prepubertal children. Therefore, we studied the associations of these lifestyle factors with serum DHEAS and IGF-1 in children. DESIGN AND SUBJECTS:Cross-sectional analysis of a population sample of 431 prepubertal children aged 6-9 years. MEASUREMENTS:Assessment of dietary factors by food records and physical activity and sedentary behaviour by a combined heart rate and movement monitor and a questionnaire. Measurement of serum DHEAS and IGF-1. RESULTS:Consumption of low-fibre grain products (standardized regression coefficient ? = .118, P = .017) and intake of vegetable protein (? = .100, P = .045) was positively and consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (? = -.117, P = .018) was inversely associated with DHEAS after adjustment for sex, age and body fat percentage. Energy intake (? = .160, P = .001) was positively associated with IGF-1 adjusting for sex, age and body fat percentage. Vigorous physical activity was inversely associated with DHEAS after adjustment for sex and age (? = -.120, P = .027), and total (? = -.137, P = .007), moderate (? = -.130, P = .012), vigorous (? = -.136, P = .011) and moderate to vigorous physical activity (? = -.160, P = .003) were inversely and total sedentary behaviour (? = .151, P = .003) was positively associated with IGF-1 adjusting for sex and age. None of physical activity measures was associated with DHEAS or IGF-1 after additional adjustment for body fat percentage. CONCLUSIONS:Lifestyle factors have weak and moderate associations with biochemical markers of adrenarche in prepubertal children. These associations indicate body fat independent and dependent influences of diet and physical activity, respectively.
| S-EPMC6195184 | biostudies-literature
Project description:To assess whether the synthesis of haem can be studied in small amounts of human liver, we measured kinetics of the conversion of 5-aminolaevulinate into haem and haem precursors in homogenates of human livers. We used methods previously developed in our laboratory for studies of rat and chick-embryo livers [Healey, Bonkowsky, Sinclair & Sinclair (1981) Biochem. J. 198, 595-604]. The maximal rate at which homogenates of human livers converted 5-aminolaevulinate into protoporphyrin was only 26% of that for rat, and 58% of that for chick embryo. In the absence of added Fe2+, homogenates of fresh human liver resembled those of chick embryos in that protoporphyrin and haem accumulated in similar amounts, whereas fresh rat liver homogenate accumulated about twice as much haem as protoporphyrin. However, when Fe2+ (0.25 mM) was added to human liver homogenates, mainly haem accumulated, indicating that the supply of reduced iron limited the activity of haem synthase, the final enzyme in the haem-biosynthesis pathway. Addition of the potent iron chelator desferrioxamine after 30 min of incubation with 5-amino[14C]laevulinate stopped further haem synthesis without affecting synthesis of protoporphyrin. Thus the prelabelled haem was stable after addition of desferrioxamine. Since the conversion of 5-amino[14C]laevulinate into haem and protoporphyrin was carried out at pH 7.4, whereas the pH optimum for rat or bovine hepatic 5-aminolaevulinate dehydratase is about 6.3, we determined kinetic parameters of the human hepatic dehydrase at both pH values. The Vmax was the same at both pH values, whereas the Km was slightly higher at the lower pH. Our results indicate that the synthesis of porphyrins and haem from 5-aminolaevulinate can be studied with the small amounts of human liver obtainable by percutaneous needle biopsy. We discuss the implications of our results in relation to use of rat or chick-embryo livers as experimental models for the biochemical features of human acute porphyria.
| S-EPMC1144919 | biostudies-other
Project description:Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) is the most prominent circulating steroid in humans, and it is a precursor for sex-steroid synthesis in peripheral tissues, including the prostate. Recently, enzyme-mediated pre-receptor metabolism has been recognized as a key step in determining steroid action in vivo. Hydroxylation of 3beta-steroids at the 7alpha-position has been reported in rat and human prostate to be a major inhibitory pathway to sex-steroid synthesis/action. However, the molecular identity of the enzyme responsible is so far unknown. We recently described a novel cytochrome P450 enzyme, cyp7b1, strongly expressed in the hippocampus of rodent brain, which catalyses the metabolism of DHEA, pregnenolone and 25-hydroxycholesterol to 7alpha-hydroxy products. In the light of this new enzyme, we have examined its possible role in 7alpha-hydroxylation conversion in rat prostate. NADPH-dependent 7alpha-hydroxylation was confirmed for 3beta-hydroxysteroids including DHEA and androstenediol, as well as 25-hydroxycholesterol. Kinetic analysis yielded an apparent K(m) of 14+/-1 microM for 7alpha-hydroxylation of DHEA in the prostate gland, a value similar to that recorded for recombinant cyp7b1 enzyme [13.6 microM; Rose, Stapleton, Dott, Kieny, Best, Schwarz, Russell, Bjoorkheim, Seckl and Lathe (1997) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 94, 4925-4930]. The V(max) value of the prostate was 46+/-2 pmol/min per mg, and this activity was inhibited by clotrimazole, a P450-enzyme blocker. Moreover, RNA analysis (reverse-transcription PCR, Northern blotting and in situ hybridization) revealed a high expression of cyp7b1 mRNA in the rat prostate, restricted to the epithelium, suggesting that cyp7b1 catalyses oxysterol 7alpha-hydroxylation in the prostate gland.
| S-EPMC1221764 | biostudies-other
Project description:Two 'neurosteroids', dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and pregnenolone (PREG), are converted by rat brain microsomes into polar metabolites, identified as the respective 7 alpha-hydroxylated (7 alpha-OH) derivatives by the 'twin ion' technique of g.l.c.-m.s. with deuterated substrates. The enzymic reaction requires NADPH and is stimulated 2-4-fold by EDTA. Under optimal conditions (pH 7.4, 0.5 mM-NADPH, 1 mM-EDTA), the Km values for DHEA and PREG are 13.8 and 4.4 microM respectively, and the Vmax. values are 322 and 38.8 pmol/min per mg of microsomal protein respectively. Trace amounts of putative 7 beta-OH derivatives of DHEA and PREG are detected. Oestradiol, at a pharmacological concentration of 5 microM, inhibits DHEA and PREG 7 alpha-hydroxylation. Formation of 7 alpha-hydroxylated metabolites is low in prepubertal rats and increases 5-fold in adults. Derivatives of PREG and DHEA, such as PREG sulphate, DHEA sulphate, progesterone and 3 alpha-hydroxy-5 alpha-pregnan-20-one, are known to be neuroactive. Therefore the quantitatively important metabolism to 7 alpha-OH compounds may contribute to the control of neurosteroid activity in brain.
| S-EPMC1131980 | biostudies-other
Project description:Cytosolic sulfotransferases are one of the major families of phase II drug metabolizing enzymes. Sulfotransferase-catalyzed sulfonation regulates hormone activities, metabolizes drugs, detoxifies xenobiotics, and bioactivates carcinogens. Human dehydroepiandrosterone sulfotransferase (hSULT2A1) plays important biological roles by sulfating endogenous hydroxysteroids and exogenous xenobiotics. Genistein, mainly existing in soy food products, is a naturally occurring phytoestrogen with both chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic potential. Our previous studies have shown that genistein significantly induces hSULT2A1 in Hep G2 and Caco-2 cells. In this study, we investigated the roles of liver X receptor (LXRα) in the genistein induction of hSULT2A1. LXRs have been shown to induce expression of mouse Sult2a9 and hSULT2A1 gene. Our results demonstrate that LXRα mediates the genistein induction of hSULT2A1, supported by Western blot analysis results, hSULT2A1 promoter driven luciferase reporter gene assay results, and mRNA interference results. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay results demonstrate that genistein increase the recruitment of hLXRα binding to the hSULT2A1 promoter. These results suggest that hLXRα plays an important role in the hSULT2A1 gene regulation. The biological functions of phytoestrogens may partially relate to their induction activity toward hydroxysteroid SULT.
| S-EPMC3604154 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The liver parenchyma is composed of hepatocytes and bile duct epithelial cells (BECs). Controversy exists regarding the cellular origin of human liver parenchymal tissue generation during embryonic development, homeostasis or repair. Here we report the existence of a hepatobiliary hybrid progenitor (HHyP) population in human foetal liver using single-cell RNA sequencing. HHyPs are anatomically restricted to the ductal plate of foetal liver and maintain a transcriptional profile distinct from foetal hepatocytes, mature hepatocytes and mature BECs. In addition, molecular heterogeneity within the EpCAM+ population of freshly isolated foetal and adult human liver identifies diverse gene expression signatures of hepatic and biliary lineage potential. Finally, we FACS isolate foetal HHyPs and confirm their hybrid progenitor phenotype in vivo. Our study suggests that hepatobiliary progenitor cells previously identified in mice also exist in humans, and can be distinguished from other parenchymal populations, including mature BECs, by distinct gene expression profiles.
| S-EPMC6659636 | biostudies-literature