Metabolic regulation of beta-galactosidase synthesis in Escherichia coli. A test for constitutive ribosome synthesis.
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Dalbow DG
PROVIDER: S-EPMC1165696 | biostudies-other | 1975 Jul
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other
Similar Datasets
Project description:The transgalactosylations of serine/threonine derivatives were investigated using β-galactosidase from Escherichia coli as biocatalyst. Using ortho-nitrophenyl-β-D-galactoside as donor, the highest bioconversion yield of transgalactosylated N-carboxy benzyl L-serine benzyl ester (23.2%) was achieved in heptane:buffer medium (70:30), whereas with the lactose, the highest bioconversion yield (3.94%) was obtained in the buffer reaction system. The structures of most abundant galactosylated serine products were characterized by MS/MS. The molecular docking simulation revealed that the binding of serine/threonine derivatives to the enzyme's active site was stronger (-4.6~-7.9 kcal/mol) than that of the natural acceptor, glucose, and mainly occurred through interactions with aromatic residues. For N-tert-butoxycarbonyl serine methyl ester (6.8%) and N-carboxybenzyl serine benzyl ester (3.4%), their binding affinities and the distances between their hydroxyl side chain and the 1'-OH group of galactose moiety were in good accordance with the quantified bioconversion yields. Despite its lower predicted bioconversion yield, the high experimental bioconversion yield obtained with N-carboxybenzyl serine methyl ester (23.2%) demonstrated the importance of the thermodynamically-driven nature of the transgalactosylation reaction.
| S-EPMC4490519 | biostudies-literature
Project description:1. 5-Phosphorylribose 1-pyrophosphate, in the presence of beta-mercaptoethanol, protected beta-galactosidase from heat inactivation. Many other substances, including 3':5'-cyclic-AMP, were without effect. 2. The efficiency of complementation in vitro of beta-galactosidase segments was decreased by 5-phosphorylribose 1-pyrophosphate but not by 3':5'-cyclic-AMP. Neither substance affected the activity of the complete enzyme. 3. Some indications as to the possible identity of the catabolite repression effector are presented.
| S-EPMC1179217 | biostudies-other
Project description:1. Repression by glucose of beta-galactosidase synthesis is spontaneously reversible in all strains of Escherichia coli examined long before the glucose has all been consumed. The extent of recovery and the time necessary for reversal differ among various strains. Other inducible enzymes show similar effects. 2. This transient effect of glucose repression is observed in constitutive (i(-)) and permease-less (y(-)) cells as well as in the corresponding i(+) and y(+) strains. 3. Repression is exerted by several rapidly metabolizable substrates (galactose, ribose and ribonucleosides) but not by non-metabolized or poorly metabolized compounds (2-deoxyglucose, 2-deoxyribose, phenyl thio-beta-galactoside and 2-deoxyribonucleosides). 4. The transient repression with glucose is observed in inducible cells supplied with a powerful inducer of beta-galactosidase synthesis (e.g. isopropyl thio-beta-galactoside) but not with a weak inducer (lactose); in the latter instance glucose repression is permanent. Diauxic growth on glucose plus lactose can be abolished by including isopropyl thio-beta-galactoside in the medium. 5. In some strains phosphate starvation increases catabolite repression; in others it relieves it. Adenine starvation in an adenine-requiring mutant also relieves catabolite repression by glycerol but not that by glucose. Restoration of phosphate or adenine to cells starved of these nutrients causes a pronounced temporary repression. Alkaline-phosphatase synthesis is not affected by the availability of adenine. 6. During periods of transient repression of induced enzyme synthesis the differential rate of RNA synthesis, measured by labelled uracil incorporation in 2min. pulses, shows a temporary rise. 7. The differential rate of uracil incorporation into RNA falls during exponential growth of batch cultures of E. coli. This is equally true for uracil-requiring and non-requiring strains. The fall in the rate of incorporation has been shown to be due to a real fall in the rate of RNA synthesis. The significance of the changes in the rate of RNA synthesis is discussed. 8. A partial model of catabolite repression is presented with suggestions for determining the chemical identification of the catabolite co-repressor itself.
| S-EPMC1265142 | biostudies-other
Project description:1. The intermediary metabolism of two strains of Escherichia coli has been examined. One strain (Q22) exhibits acute transient repression of beta-galactosidase synthesis when glucose is supplied to cells growing on glycerol; the other strain (W3110) does not. The two strains do not differ genetically in their lac operons. 2. Strain Q22 uses about twice as much glucose as strain W3110 per unit of cell mass produced. 3. Pentose phosphate-cycle activity in the presence of glucose is much stronger in strain Q22 than in strain W3110. 4. In strain Q22 the pool sizes of glucose 6-phosphate, 6-phosphogluconate, fructose 1,6-diphosphate and NADPH increase when glucose is added to cells growing on glycerol, and beta-galactosidase synthesis is severely inhibited. After about 1hr. the synthesis of beta-galactosidase is partly resumed, and the pool sizes of the four compounds fall. ATP, NADH and several other phosphorylated compounds show no concentration changes. 5. These concentration changes do not occur in strain W3110, in which beta-galactosidase synthesis is only rather weakly repressed by glucose. 6. It is suggested that repression of enzyme synthesis by glucose requires the rapid operation of the pentose phosphate cycle, and is mediated by one of the four substances whose concentration rises and later falls in strain Q22. A definite choice of effector from among these four possibilities cannot at present be made.
| S-EPMC1270415 | biostudies-other
Project description:Knockdown of 30 highest response genes with impact in the Metabolomics/proteomics data
2022-12-05 | MSV000090833 | MassIVE
Project description:The β-galactosidase enzyme is a common reporter enzyme that has been used extensively in microbiological and synthetic biology research. Here, we demonstrate that caffeine and theophylline, common natural methylxanthine products found in many foods and pharmaceuticals, negatively impact both the expression and activity of β-galactosidase in Escherichia coli. The β-galactosidase activity in E. coli grown with increasing concentrations of caffeine and theophylline was reduced over sixfold in a dose-dependent manner. We also observed decreasing lacZ mRNA transcript levels with increasing methylxanthine concentrations in the growth media. Similarly, caffeine and theophylline inhibit the activity of the purified β-galactosidase enzyme, with an approximately 1.7-fold increase in K M toward o-nitrophenyl-β-galactoside and a concomitant decrease in v max. The authors recommend the use of alternative reporter systems when such methylxanthines are expected to be present.
| S-EPMC7758883 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The antioxidant molecule protocatechuic acid (PCA) can also serve as a precursor for polymer building blocks. PCA can be produced in Escherichia coli overexpressing 3-dehydroshikimate dehydratase (DSD), an enzyme that catalyses the transformation of 3-dehydroshikimate to PCA. Nevertheless, optimizing the expression rate of recombinant enzymes is a key factor in metabolic engineering when producing biobased chemicals. In this study, a degenerate synthetic promoter approach was investigated to improve further the production of PCA. By limited screening of a randomized promoter library made using pSEVA221 plasmid in E. coli, three novel synthetic constitutive promoters were selected that increased the PCA yield from glucose by 10-21% compared to the inducible T7-promoter. RT-qPCR analysis showed that the DSD gene, regulated by the synthetic promoters, had high expression during the exponential phase, albeit the gene expression level dropped 250-fold during stationary phase. Besides the increased product yield, the synthetic promoters avoided the need for a costly inducer for gene expression. Screening of the entire promoter library is likely to provide more positive hits. The study also shows that E. coli transformed with the DSD gene on either pSEVA221 or pCDFDuet plasmids exhibit background PCA levels (~ 0.04 g/L) in the absence of a transcriptional regulatory element. KEY POINTS: • Degenerate synthetic promoters are remarkable tools to produce protocatechuic acid. • The constitutive synthetic promoters did not affect the growth rate of the bacterial host. • The use of constitutive synthetic promoters avoids the need for the costly inducer.
| S-EPMC11330383 | biostudies-literature
Project description:By analysing the kinetics of beta-galactosidase accumulation after induction, the synthesis time of beta-galactosidase in Escherichia coli B/r was found to be 75s in rapidly growing cells (1.36 and 2.1 doublings/h), and 90s in slowly growing cells (0.63 doubling/h). These values correspond to peptide-chain-elongation rates of 16 and 13 amino acids/s respectively, in agreement with previous findings, indicating that the peptide-chain growth rate is constant (presumably maximal) in fast-growing bacteria, but decreased in slowly growing bacteria [Forchhammer & Lindahl (1971) J. Mol. Biol. 55, 563-568].
| S-EPMC1165698 | biostudies-other
Project description:Carboxymethylated beta-galactosidase from Escherichia coli was dissociated at 100 degrees C to form carboxymethylated fragments A and B. The mol.wts. of carboxymethylated fragments A and B were determined by gel filtration to be 64300 and 22400 respectively. Sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis of carboxymethylated fragments A and B that had been pretreated with 2-mercaptoethanol and sodium dodecyl sulphate yielded mol.wts. of 64000 and 22100 respectively. Carboxymethylated fragments A and B had arginine as their C-terminal amino acid. When a crude extract of E. coli M15 was filtered through a column of Sepharose 6B, it was found that carboxymethylated fragment B could restore beta-galactosidase activity when added to fractions having mol.wts. estimated to be 123000, 262000 and 506000. These fractions are referred to as ;complementable fractions'. Similarly, it was found that carboxymethylated fragment A could restore enzyme activity to tractions having mol.wts. estimated to be 63000, 253000 and 506000. Estimates of the molecular weights of the beta-galactosidase activity obtained by restoration with carboxymethylated fragments A and B were made by filtering the active enzyme through another column of Sepharose 6B. The enzyme obtained by complementation with carboxymethylated fragment B, i.e. the complemented enzyme, had mol.wt. 525000, and that obtained with carboxymethylated fragment A had mol.wts. of 525000, 646000 and 2000000. The latter finding suggests that multiple forms of complemented beta-galactosidase can exist.
| S-EPMC1164922 | biostudies-other
Project description:BETA-Galactosidase (EC 3.2.1.23), prepared from strains ML 308 and K12 3300 of Escherichia coli, dissociated into an inactive monomer in the presence of Ag+. When such a monomer preparation is treated with excess of thiol an enzymically active dimer is formed in addition to an active tetramer. It is suggested that Ag+ may be of value in studies on other multimeric proteins as a mild dissociating agent.
| S-EPMC1172374 | biostudies-other