Browse
Submit Data
Databases
API
Help

Dataset Information

0 Views

0 Connections

0 Citations

0 Reanalyses

0 Downloads

Omics score: 0

Hyaluronic acid in cartilage and proteoglycan aggregation.

ABSTRACT: 1. Dissociation of purified proteoglycan aggregates was shown to release an interacting component of buoyant density higher than that of the glycoprotein-link fraction of Hascall & Sajdera (1969). 2. This component, which produced an increase in hydrodynamic size of proteoglycans on gel chromatography, was isolated by ECTEOLA-cellulose ion-exchange chromatography and identified as hyaluronic acid. 3. The effect of pH of extraction showed that the proportion of proteoglycan aggregates isolated from cartilage was greatest at pH4.5. 4. The proportion of proteoglycans able to interact with hyaluronic acid decreased when extracted above or below pH4.5, whereas the amount of hyaluronic acid extracted appeared constant from pH3.0 to 8.5. 5. Sequential extraction of cartilage with 0.15m-NaCl at neutral pH followed by 4m-guanidinium chloride at pH4.5 was shown to yield predominantly non-aggregated and aggregated proteoglycans respectively. 6. Most of the hyaluronic acid in cartilage, representing about 0.7% of the total uronic acid, was associated with proteoglycan aggregates. 7. The non-aggregated proteoglycans were unable to interact with hyaluronic acid and were of smaller size, lower protein content and lower keratan sulphate content than the disaggregated proteoglycans. Together with differences in amino acid composition this suggested that each type of proteoglycan contained different protein cores.

SUBMITTER: Hardingham TE

PROVIDER: S-EPMC1166321 | biostudies-other | 1974 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other

ACCESS DATA

Json Xml

Similar Datasets

X-ray fibre diffraction of cartilage proteoglycan aggregates containing hyaluronic acid.

Project description:Ordered conformations of proteoglycan-hyaluronic acid aggregates in the intercellular matrix in cartilage were observed by X-ray diffraction. The sodium salt form of three samples, (a) aggregated proteoglycan, (b) disaggregated proteoglycan and (c) reconstituted disaggregated proteoglycan, give essentially similar X-ray fibre-type diffraction photographs. The patterns correlate with the chondroitin 4-sulphate component and can be interpreted as twofold helical conformations, similar to that observed previously for the free acid form of chondroitin 4-sulphate (Isaac & Atkins, 1973). The information takes us one step nearer the situation found in cartilage in vivo.

| S-EPMC1168199 | biostudies-other

Multiple aggregation factors in cartilage proteoglycan.

Project description:Proteoglycan as isolated from bovine nasal septa is a partially aggregated complex containing linking factors. Two essential factors can be separated from proteoglycan subunits and resolved in a CsCl density gradient. Chondroitinase digestion of the purified proteoglycan subunits does not interfere with their aggregation when the linking factors are added.

| S-EPMC1177708 | biostudies-other

Hyaluronic acid-binding scaffold for articular cartilage repair.

Project description:Hyaluronic acid (HA) is an extracellular matrix molecule with multiple physical and biological functions found in many tissues, including cartilage. HA has been incorporated in a number of biomaterial and scaffold systems. However, HA in the material may be difficult to control if it is not chemically modified and chemical modification of HA may negatively impact biological function. In this study, we developed a poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogel with noncovalent HA-binding capabilities and evaluated its ability to support cartilage formation in vitro and in an articular defect model. Chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells encapsulated in the HA-interactive scaffolds containing various amounts of exogenous HA was evaluated. The HA-binding hydrogel without exogenous HA produced the best cartilage as determined by biochemical content (glysocaminoglycan and collagen), histology (Safranin O and type II collagen staining), and gene expression analysis for aggrecan, type I collagen, type II collagen, and sox-9. This HA-binding formulation was then translated to an osteochondral defect model in the rat knee. After 6 weeks, histological analysis demonstrated improved cartilage tissue production in defects treated with the HA-interactive hydrogel compared to noninteractive control scaffolds and untreated defects. In addition to the tissue repair in the defect space, the Safranin O staining in cartilage tissue surrounding the defect was greater in treatment groups where the HA-binding scaffold was applied. In sum, incorporation of a noncovalent HA-binding functionality into biomaterials provides an ability to interact with local or exogenous HA, which can then impact tissue remodeling and ultimately new tissue production.

| S-EPMC3501122 | biostudies-literature

Characterization of proteoglycan and the proteoglycan--hyaluronic acid complex by electric birefringence.

Project description:An electric field causes partial alignment of macromolecules in a dilute solution. The accompanying changes in the solution birefringence offer a sensitive and quick means of monitoring the rates of particle orientation and hence the size of the solute molecules. Such measurements are reported for dilute solutions of proteoglycans in the absence and presence of added hyaluronic acid. The proteoglycan molecules are shown to be some 580 nm long. In the presence of hyaluronic acid they form aggregates that appear to be consistent with the model previously proposed in which the proteoglycans attach radially to the extended hyaluronic acid chain. The electric-birefringence relaxation rates indicate aggregates of similar length to that of the extended hyaluronic acid chain, with the proteoglycans spaced on average at 29nm intervals. A proteoglycan sample the cystine residues of which had been reduced and alkylated showed no evidence of aggregation with hyaluronic acid up to the concentrations of the acid corresponding to 1% of the total uronic acid content. The electric-birefringence method is shown to have a large potential in the study of associating polysaccharide solutions.

| S-EPMC1185767 | biostudies-other

Hyaluronic Acid Influence on Normal and Osteoarthritic Tissue-Engineered Cartilage.

Project description:The aim of this study is to identify gene expression profiles associated with hyaluronic acid (HA) treatment of normal and osteoarthritis (OA)-like tissue-engineered cartilage. 3D cartilage micromasses were treated with tumour necrosis factor-? (TNF-?) (OA-inducer) and/or HA for 7 days. Viability was examined by PI/FDA staining. To document extracellular matrix (ECM) formation, glycosaminoglycans (GAG) were stained with Safranin-O and cartilage-specific type II collagen was detected immunohistochemically. Genome-wide gene expression was determined using microarray analysis. Normal and OA-like micromasses remained vital and showed a spherical morphology and homogenous cell distribution regardless of the treatment. There was no distinct difference in immunolabeling for type II collagen. Safranin-O staining demonstrated a typical depletion of GAG in TNF-?-treated micromasses (-73%), although the extent was limited in the presence of HA (-39%). The microarray data showed that HA can influence the cartilage metabolism via upregulation of TIMP3 in OA-like condition. The upregulation of VEGFA and ANKRD37 genes implies a supportive role of HA in cartilage maturation and survival. The results of this study validate the feasibility of the in vitro OA model for the investigation of HA. On the cellular level, no inhibiting or activating effect of HA was shown. Microarray data demonstrated a minor impact of HA on gene expression level.

| S-EPMC5983669 | biostudies-literature

Interaction of cartilage proteoglycans with hyaluronic acid. The role of the hyaluronic acid carboxyl groups.

Project description:Hyaluronic acid-derived oligomers of five to fifteen repeat dissaccharides effectively bind to bovine nasal-cartilage proteoglycan and inhibit the interaction between proteoglycans and high-molecular-weight hyaluronic acid. If, however, the hyaluronic acid oligosaccharides are modified by reaction with diazomethane to form the carboxyl methyl esters of the glucuronic acid residues, their inhibitory activity is abolished. The binding capacity can be fully restored by saponification. The amide derivative, which is formed by condensation of the oligosaccharide carboxyl groups with glycine methyl ester, is also ineffective in blocking the proteoglycan-hyaluronic acid interaction. In this case, binding activity is not restored when the amidated oligomers are subjected to saponification to yield the free carboxylate groups on the glycine residues. Thus the displacement of the carboxylate groups on the polysaccharide chain by the interposition of a glycine residue blocks the interaction between the proteoglycans and the hyaluronic acid oligomers. When the oligosaccharide methyl ester is reduced with NaBH4, the resultant glucose-containing oligomers exhibit decreased binding to proteoglycans. Thus it appears that the hyaluronic acid carboxylate anion in a specific spatial orientation is required for hyaluronic acid-proteoglycan interaction.

| S-EPMC1183718 | biostudies-other

Hyaluronic acid enhances the mechanical properties of tissue-engineered cartilage constructs.

Project description:There is a need for materials that are well suited for cartilage tissue engineering. Hydrogels have emerged as promising biomaterials for cartilage repair, since, like cartilage, they have high water content, and they allow cells to be encapsulated within the material in a genuinely three-dimensional microenvironment. In this study, we investigated the mechanical properties of tissue-engineered cartilage constructs using in vitro culture models incorporating human chondrocytes from osteoarthritis patients. We evaluated hydrogels formed from mixtures of photocrosslinkable gelatin-methacrylamide (Gel-MA) and varying concentrations (0-2%) of hyaluronic acid methacrylate (HA-MA). Initially, only small differences in the stiffness of each hydrogel existed. After 4 weeks of culture, and to a greater extent 8 weeks of culture, HA-MA had striking and concentration dependent impact on the changes in mechanical properties. For example, the initial compressive moduli of cell-laden constructs with 0 and 1% HA-MA were 29 and 41 kPa, respectively. After 8 weeks of culture, the moduli of these constructs had increased to 66 and 147 kPa respectively, representing a net improvement of 69 kPa for gels with 1% HA-MA. Similarly the equilibrium modulus, dynamic modulus, failure strength and failure strain were all improved in constructs containing HA-MA. Differences in mechanical properties did not correlate with glycosaminoglycan content, which did not vary greatly between groups, yet there were clear differences in aggrecan intensity and distribution as assessed using immunostaining. Based on the functional development with time in culture using human chondrocytes, mixtures of Gel-MA and HA-MA are promising candidates for cartilage tissue-engineering applications.

| S-EPMC4249877 | biostudies-literature

Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Combination with Hyaluronic Acid for Articular Cartilage Defects.

Project description:Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and hyaluronic acid (HA) have been found in previous studies to have great potential for medical use. This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) combined with HA on articular cartilage repair in canines. Twenty-four healthy canines (48 knee-joints), male or female with weight ranging from 5 to 6?kg, were operated on to induce cartilage defect model and divided into 3 groups randomly which received different treatments: BMSCs plus HA (BMSCs-HA), HA alone, and saline. Twenty-eight weeks after treatment, all canines were sacrificed and analyzed by gross appearance, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, Masson staining, toluidine blue staining, type II collagen immunohistochemistry, gross grading scale and histological scores. MSCs plus HA regenerated more cartilage-like tissue than did HA alone or saline. According to the macroscopic evaluation and histological assessment score, treatment with MSCs plus HA also lead to significant improvement in cartilage defects compared to those in the other 2 treatment groups (P?<?0.05). These findings suggested that allogeneic BMSCs plus HA rather than HA alone was effective in promoting the formation of cartilage-like tissue for repairing cartilage defect in canines.

| S-EPMC6028658 | biostudies-literature

Injectable Thermosensitive Hyaluronic Acid Hydrogels for Chondrocyte Delivery in Cartilage Tissue Engineering.

Project description:In this study, we synthesize a hyaluronic acid-g-poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (HPN) copolymer by grafting the amine-terminated poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM-NH2) to hyaluronic acid (HA). The 5% PNIPAM-NH2 and HPN polymer solution is responsive to temperature changes with sol-to-gel phase transition temperatures around 32 °C. Compared with the PNIPAM-NH2 hydrogel, the HPN hydrogel shows higher water content and mechanical strength, as well as lower volume contraction, making it a better choice as a scaffold for chondrocyte delivery. From an in vitro cell culture, we see that cells can proliferate in an HPN hydrogel with full retention of cell viability and show the phenotypic morphology of chondrocytes. In the HPN hydrogel, chondrocytes demonstrate a differentiated phenotype with the upregulated expression of cartilage-specific genes and the enhanced secretion of extracellular matrix components, when compared with the monolayer culture on tissue culture polystyrene. In vivo studies confirm the ectopic cartilage formation when HPN was used as a cell delivery vehicle after implanting chondrocyte/HPN in nude mice subcutaneously, which is shown from a histological and gene expression analysis. Taken together, the HPN thermosensitive hydrogel will be a promising injectable scaffold with which to deliver chondrocytes in cartilage-tissue-engineering applications.

| S-EPMC10535600 | biostudies-literature

Photopolymerizable gelatin and hyaluronic acid for stereolithographic 3D bioprinting of tissue-engineered cartilage.

Project description:To create artificial cartilage in vitro, mimicking the function of native extracellular matrix (ECM) and morphological cartilage-like shape is essential. The interplay of cell patterning and matrix concentration has high impact on the phenotype and viability of the printed cells. To advance the capabilities of cartilage bioprinting, we investigated different ECMs to create an in vitro chondrocyte niche. Therefore, we used methacrylated gelatin (GelMA) and methacrylated hyaluronic acid (HAMA) in a stereolithographic bioprinting approach. Both materials have been shown to support cartilage ECM formation and recovery of chondrocyte phenotype. We used these materials as bioinks to create cartilage models with varying chondrocyte densities. The models maintained shape, viability, and homogenous cell distribution over 14?days in culture. Chondrogenic differentiation was demonstrated by cartilage-typical proteoglycan and type II collagen deposition and gene expression (COL2A1, ACAN) after 14?days of culture. The differentiation pattern was influenced by cell density. A high cell density print (25?×?106 ?cells/mL) led to enhanced cartilage-typical zonal segmentation compared to cultures with lower cell density (5?×?106 ?cells/mL). Compared to HAMA, GelMA resulted in a higher expression of COL1A1, typical for a more premature chondrocyte phenotype. Both bioinks are feasible for printing in vitro cartilage with varying differentiation patterns and ECM organization depending on starting cell density and chosen bioink. The presented technique could find application in the creation of cartilage models and in the treatment of articular cartilage defects using autologous material and adjusting the bioprinted constructs size and shape to the patient. © 2019 The Authors. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part B: Applied Biomaterials published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 107B:2649-2657, 2019.

| S-EPMC6790697 | biostudies-literature

OmicsDI is part of the ELIXIR infrastructure

OmicsDI is an Elixir interoperability service. Learn more ›

Tweets

OmicsDI Databases

PRIDE
PeptideAtlas
MassIVE
JPOST Repository
Physiome Model Repository

EGA
EVA
ENA
LINCS
PAXDB
Cell Collective

MetaboLights
Metabolomics Workbench
MetabolomeExpress
GNPS
BioModels
FAIRDOMHub

ArrayExpress
dbGaP
ExpressionAtlas
GEO
NODE

Information

Databases
Help
API
Contact us
Code on GitHub
Terms of use
Submit Data