The amino acid sequence of plastocyanin from French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris).
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Milne PR
PROVIDER: S-EPMC1168438 | biostudies-other | 1974 Dec
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other
Similar Datasets
Project description:The mechanisms of photosynthetic adaptation to different combinations of temperature and irradiance during growth, and especially the consequences of exposure to high light (2000 micro mol m(-2) s(-1) PPFD) for 5 min, simulating natural sunflecks, was studied in bean plants (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). A protocol using only short (3 min) dark pre-treatment was introduced to maximize the amount of replication possible in studies of chlorophyll fluorescence. High light at low temperature (10 degrees C) significantly down-regulated photosynthetic electron transport capacity [as measured by the efficiency of photosystem II (PSII)], with the protective acclimation allowing the simulated sunflecks to be used more effectively for photosynthesis by plants grown in low light. The greater energy dissipation by thermal processes (lower F(v)'/F(m)' ratio) at low temperature was related to increased xanthophyll de-epoxidation and to the fact that photosynthetic carbon fixation was more limiting at low than at high temperatures. A key objective was to investigate the role of photorespiration in acclimation to irradiance and temperature by comparing the effect of normal (21 kPa) and low (1.5 kPa) O(2) concentrations. Low [O(2)] decreased F(v)/F(m) and the efficiency of PSII (Phi(PSII)), related to greater PSII down-regulation in cold pre-treated plants, but minimized further inhibition by the mild 'sunfleck' treatment used. Results support the hypothesis that photorespiration provides a 'safety-valve' for excess energy.
| S-EPMC4244959 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) is an important legume crop grown and consumed worldwide. With the availability of the common bean genome sequence, the next challenge is to annotate the genome and characterize functional DNA elements. Transposable elements (TEs) are the most abundant component of plant genomes and can dramatically affect genome evolution and genetic variation. Thus, it is pivotal to identify TEs in the common bean genome. In this study, we performed a genome-wide transposon annotation in common bean using a combination of homology and sequence structure-based methods. We developed a 2.12-Mb transposon database which includes 791 representative transposon sequences and is available upon request or from www.phytozome.org. Of note, nearly all transposons in the database are previously unrecognized TEs. More than 5,000 transposon-related expressed sequence tags (ESTs) were detected which indicates that some transposons may be transcriptionally active. Two Ty1-copia retrotransposon families were found to encode the envelope-like protein which has rarely been identified in plant genomes. Also, we identified an extra open reading frame (ORF) termed ORF2 from 15 Ty3-gypsy families that was located between the ORF encoding the retrotransposase and the 3'LTR. The ORF2 was in opposite transcriptional orientation to retrotransposase. Sequence homology searches and phylogenetic analysis suggested that the ORF2 may have an ancient origin, but its function is not clear. These transposon data provide a useful resource for understanding the genome organization and evolution and may be used to identify active TEs for developing transposon-tagging system in common bean and other related genomes.
| S-EPMC4093653 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The enzyme prolyl hydroxylase (proline: 2-oxoglutarate dioxygenase, EC 1.14.11.12), induced in suspension-cultured cells of Phaseolus vulgaris L. (French bean) by treatment with an elicitor preparation from the phytopathogenic fungus Colletotrichum lindemuthianum, has been investigated. The enzyme, which catalyses the hydroxylation of poly-L-proline with the stoichiometric decarboxylation of 2-oxoglutarate, has been shown to be localized mainly in smooth endoplasmic reticulum. After solubilization from microsomal membranes, the hydroxylase was purified by ion-exchange chromatography and affinity chromatography on poly-L-proline-Sepharose 4B. The subunit Mr, as assessed by sodium dodecyl sulphate/poly-acrylamide-gel electrophoresis, was 65 000, the subunit apparently being recovered as a doublet: the subunits associate under non-denaturing conditions to give at least a tetramer. The bean hydroxylase has kinetic properties and cofactor requirements similar to those previously reported for the enzyme from other plants. Elicitor treatment of suspension-cultured bean cells leads to a rapid induction of prolyl hydroxylase activity concomitant with induction of a protein: arabinosyl-transferase and increased levels of an arabinosylated hydroxyproline-rich protein.
| S-EPMC1145113 | biostudies-other
Project description:The amino acid sequence of plastocyanin from broad bean was determined. It consists of a single polypeptide chain of 99 residues. The sequence was determined by using a Beckman 890C sequencer and by dansyl-phenyl isothiocyanate analysis of peptides obtained by the enzymic cleavage of purified cyanogen bromide fragments. Some parts of the sequence depend on the results of Edman degradation of peptides for which amino acid analyses were not obtained. The evidence for one overlap is not strong.
| S-EPMC1168189 | biostudies-other
Project description:Vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) and stigmasterol have been shown to stimulate Ca2+ uptake and to induce calmodulin synthesis in cultured French-bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) roots. In addition, the appearance of calmodulin in the cultures in response to vitamin D3 could be prevented by RNA-synthesis inhibitors. To investigate the possibility that the sterols affect root DNA transcription through a receptor-mediated mechanism, the existence of sterol-binding sites in P. vulgaris roots was investigated. Specific binding of [3H]vitamin D3 could be demonstrated with intact tissue and the cytosolic fraction obtained therefrom. Equilibrium in the binding reaction with cytosol was attained after 4 h of incubation at 0 degrees C. The [3H]vitamin D3 was reversibly bound, since it could be displaced by an excess of unlabelled sterol. An equilibrium binding constant (KD) of (3.48 +/- 0.09) x 10(-9) M and a maximum binding-site concentration (nmax) of 32 +/- 2.54 (3) pmol/mg of protein could be calculated by Scatchard [(1949) Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 51, 660-672] analysis. In addition to vitamin D3, stigmasterol and sitosterol were effectively able to compete with [3H]vitamin D3 for binding to root cytosol. Cortisol, oestradiol and progesterone displaced bound labelled vitamin D3 to a lesser extent, whereas 5 beta-dihydrotestosterone, lanosterol and diosgenin were ineffective. The affinity and specificity of the root sterol-binding sites are in agreement with the characteristics of tissue responses to the sterols (Ca2+ uptake and calmodulin synthesis).
| S-EPMC1148892 | biostudies-other
Project description:1. Partially purified preparations of mevalonate kinase were obtained from green leaves and etiolated cotyledons of Phaseolus vulgaris. 2. After removal of interfering polyphenols both enzyme preparations behaved identically on gel filtration, ion-exchange chromatography and density-gradient centrifugation. 3. The kinetic parameters of the preparations from the two sources were indistinguishable. The preparation from etiolated cotyledons had a K(m) of 4.26x10(-5)m for RS-mevalonate and 1.54x10(-3)m for ATP. The preparation from green leaves had a K(m) of 4.55x10(-5)m for RS-mevalonate and 1.75x10(-3)m for ATP. The pH optimum of both enzyme preparations was pH7.0. 4. The effect of inhibitors on the two enzyme preparations was similar, both being inhibited by reagents known to react with thiol groups, and the two preparations had similar inhibitor constants for competitive inhibition by prenyl pyrophosphates. 5. The molecular weight of the enzyme in both preparations was estimated to be 100000; the enzymes from the two preparations had similar mobilities on polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis.
| S-EPMC1177703 | biostudies-other
Project description:A cytogenetic map of common bean was built by in situ hybridization of 35 bacterial artificial chromosomes (BACs) selected with markers mapping to eight linkage groups, plus two plasmids for 5S and 45S ribosomal DNA and one bacteriophage. Together with three previously mapped chromosomes (chromosomes 3, 4, and 7), 43 anchoring points between the genetic map and the cytogenetic map of the species are now available. Furthermore, a subset of four BAC clones was proposed to identify the 11 chromosome pairs of the standard cultivar BAT93. Three of these BACs labelled more than a single chromosome pair, indicating the presence of repetitive DNA in their inserts. A repetitive distribution pattern was observed for most of the BACs; for 38% of them, highly repetitive pericentromeric or subtelomeric signals were observed. These distribution patterns corresponded to pericentromeric and subtelomeric heterochromatin blocks observed with other staining methods. Altogether, the results indicate that around half of the common bean genome is heterochromatic and that genes and repetitive sequences are intermingled in the euchromatin and heterochromatin of the species.
| S-EPMC2886897 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Knowledge about the origins and evolution of crop species represents an important prerequisite for efficient conservation and use of existing plant materials. This study was designed to solve the ongoing debate on the origins of the common bean by investigating the nucleotide diversity at five gene loci of a large sample that represents the entire geographical distribution of the wild forms of this species. Our data clearly indicate a Mesoamerican origin of the common bean. They also strongly support the occurrence of a bottleneck during the formation of the Andean gene pool that predates the domestication, which was suggested by recent studies based on multilocus molecular markers. Furthermore, a remarkable result was the genetic structure that was seen for the Mesoamerican accessions, with the identification of four different genetic groups that have different relationships with the sets of wild accessions from the Andes and northern Peru-Ecuador. This finding implies that both of the gene pools from South America originated through different migration events from the Mesoamerican populations that were characteristic of central Mexico.
| S-EPMC3325731 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The amino acid sequence of Phaseolus aureus L. (mung-bean) cytochrome c has been determined. The molecule consists of a single polypeptide chain of 111 amino acid residues and is homologous with other mitochondrial cytochromes c. Comparison with the amino acid sequence of wheat-germ cytochrome c (Stevens, Glazer & Smith, 1967) shows 14 differences. On alignment with mammalian cytochromes c, mung-bean cytochrome c has an N-acetylated ;tail' of eight amino acid residues similar to that found in wheat-germ cytochrome c. Of the 22 positions in wheat-germ cytochrome c that contain amino acid residues unique to these positions, 20 were found to contain the same ones in mung-bean cytochrome c. The in-N-trimethyl-lysine residues reported for wheat-germ cytochrome c (Delange, Glazer & Smith, 1969) in positions 72 and 86 were also found in these positions in mung-bean cytochrome c. The sequence was determined from 3mumol, by using chymotryptic and tryptic peptides which were analysed by the ;dansyl'-Edman method (Gray & Hartley, 1963a), with confirmation by amino acid analysis.
| S-EPMC1178845 | biostudies-other
Project description:The purification of glycosyltransferases involved in wall matrix polysaccharide synthesis has been attempted. A number of activities readily demonstrated in isolated Golgi membranes are lost following detergent solubilization. However, solubilization releases pyrophosphorylases and phosphatases that hydrolyse the substrate in enzyme assays, whether UDP-glucose, -arabinose or -xylose is used. This hydrolysis, which cannot be completely inhibited, appears to be the major factor in the apparent loss of activity. Separation of this hydrolytic activity during further purification by ion-exchange and gel exclusion leads to recovery of glycosyltransferase activity. Thus two xylosyltransferases and one arabinosyltransferase could be partially purified. These appeared to be differentially expressed. The arabinosyltransferase of apparent M(r) 70,000 on size-exclusion chromatography was isolated from cells undergoing rapid growth and division. A xylosyltransferase of apparent M(r) 38,000 on size-exclusion chromatography was associated with cell expansion and primary wall synthesis. A second xylosyltransferase, which was purified to near homogeneity with M(r) 40,000, showed a peak of activity during the period of maximum secondary wall synthesis.
| S-EPMC1131960 | biostudies-other