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Carbohydrate metabolism of the isolated perfused liver of normal and genetically obese--hyperglycaemic (ob-ob) mice.

ABSTRACT: 1. A technique for perfusion of the mouse liver has been developed, and aspects of carbohydrate metabolism have been investigated in the perfused liver of normal and genetically obese mice, homozygous for the recessive gene ob. 2. Rates of gluconeogenesis in perfused mouse liver were faster than those reported for slices of mouse liver, particularly from lactate and pyruvate. 3. The rate of glycogen breakdown to glucose, but not to lactate, was faster in liver from fed obese mice. 4. The capacity for glycogen synthesis from glucose was enhanced in liver from 20h-starved obese mice. 5. The capacity for gluconeogenesis from a number of substrates was not significantly altered in livers from fed or starved obese mice when compared with that of lean mice. 6. These results suggest that the liver contributes to the hyperglycaemia of the obese mice by increased glycogenolysis, and that liver glycogen in obese mice is maintained by synthesis from dietary glucose.

SUBMITTER: Elliott J

PROVIDER: S-EPMC1178182 | biostudies-other | 1971 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other

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Project description:BackgroundLeptin-deficient ob/ob mice and leptin receptor-deficient db/db mice are commonly used mice models mimicking the conditions of obesity and type 2 diabetes development. However, although ob/ob and db/db mice are similarly gaining weight and developing massive obesity, db/db mice are more diabetic than ob/ob mice. It remains still unclear why targeting the same pathway-leptin signaling-leads to the development of two different phenotypes. Given that gut microbes dialogue with the host via different metabolites (e.g., short-chain fatty acids) but also contribute to the regulation of bile acids metabolism, we investigated whether inflammatory markers, bacterial components, bile acids, short-chain fatty acids, and gut microbes could contribute to explain the specific phenotype discriminating the onset of an obese and/or a diabetic state in ob/ob and db/db mice.ResultsSix-week-old ob/ob and db/db mice were followed for 7 weeks; they had comparable body weight, fat mass, and lean mass gain, confirming their severely obese status. However, as expected, the glucose metabolism and the glucose-induced insulin secretion were significantly different between ob/ob and db/db mice. Strikingly, the fat distribution was different, with db/db mice having more subcutaneous and ob/ob mice having more epididymal fat. In addition, liver steatosis was more pronounced in the ob/ob mice than in db/db mice. We also found very distinct inflammatory profiles between ob/ob and db/db mice, with a more pronounced inflammatory tone in the liver for ob/ob mice as compared to a higher inflammatory tone in the (subcutaneous) adipose tissue for db/db mice. When analyzing the gut microbiota composition, we found that the quantity of 19 microbial taxa was in some way affected by the genotype. Furthermore, we also show that serum LPS concentration, hepatic bile acid content, and cecal short-chain fatty acid profiles were differently affected by the two genotypes.ConclusionTaken together, our results elucidate potential mechanisms implicated in the development of an obese or a diabetic state in two genetic models characterized by an altered leptin signaling. We propose that these differences could be linked to specific inflammatory tones, serum LPS concentration, bile acid metabolism, short-chain fatty acid profile, and gut microbiota composition. Video abstract.

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Carbohydrate metabolism of the isolated perfused liver of normal and genetically obese--hyperglycaemic (ob-ob) mice.

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