Mass-spectrometric study of the azopigments obtained from bile pigments with diazotized ethyl anthranilate.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Compernolle F
PROVIDER: S-EPMC1179684 | biostudies-other | 1970 Dec
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other
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Project description:1. Azopigments derived from conjugated bile pigments by coupling with the diazonium salt of ethyl anthranilate are analysed conveniently by quantitative t.l.c. or by column chromatography on CM-cellulose. 2. By chromatographic studies combined with a series of chemical tests six groups of azopigments were demonstrable in preparations from bile and from icteric urine of man. Azobilirubin and its beta-d-monoglucuronide have hitherto been considered to be the only major derivatives that can be obtained from human bile pigments. In the present work, other azopigments accounted for 30-40% of the total azopigment material, and the amounts of these showed considerable variation among biological fluids. 3. The divergence of the present results from earlier work is probably related to the use of milder diazotization conditions and of chromatographic techniques with a high resolving power. 4. The thin-layer chromatographic systems developed allow rapid and quantitative analysis of azopigments derived from bile pigments.
| S-EPMC1179683 | biostudies-other
Project description:A criticial evaluation was made of the ethyl anthranilate diazo and two solvent-partition methods for the determination of conjugated and unconjugated bilirubin in human and rat bile. The ethyl anthranilate diazo reagent, which reacts only with conjugated bilirubin in serum, also diazotized a variable proportion of unconjugated bilirubin in bile and thus overestimated the concentration of monoconjugates. With the Weber-Schalm and modified Folsch solvent-partition methods applied to human or rat bile, 4--9% of added 14C-labelled unconjugated bilirubin partitioned with the conjugated bilirubin in the upper phase, and 4--9% of added 14C-labelled conjugated bilirubin partitioned into the lower phase. With dog bile, the spill-over of 14C-labelled bilirubin into the lower phase was 9--11%. Analysis of azopigments from the Weber-Schalm partition confirmed that over two-thirds of the bilirubin in the lower phase represents monoconjugates, principally the less-polar monoxylosides and monoglucosides. These solvent-partition methods thus overestimate the concentration of unconjugated bilirubin in bile.
| S-EPMC1185770 | biostudies-other
Project description:1. The structures of the alpha(2)- and alpha(3)-azopigments, prepared by diazotization of dog bile with ethyl anthranilate, were shown by mass spectrometry and g.l.c. to correspond to azobilirubin beta-d-xylopyranoside and azobilirubin beta-d-glucopyranoside respectively. 2. Both azopigments consist of a mixture of two methyl vinyl isomers having structures (IIIa) and (IIIb) for the alpha(2)-azopigment and structures (IVa) and (IVb) for the alpha(3)-azopigment. Separation of methyl vinyl isomers was obtained by t.l.c. or column chromatography performed on the acetylated azopigments. Hydrolysis of the less polar acetates derived from components (IIIa) and (IVa) gave rise to the azopigment (Ia), whereas hydrolysis of the more polar acetates derived from components (IIIb) and (IVb) gave rise to the azopigment acid (Ib). The positions of methyl and vinyl substituents in compounds (Ia) and (Ib) were assigned on the basis of their n.m.r. spectra. 3. Molecular ions in the mass spectra of the trimethylsilyl and acetyl derivatives of the azopigments indicated the presence of a pentose and a hexose conjugating sugar. 4. The ester functions linking the sugars to the propionic acid side chain of azobilirubin were demonstrated by ammonolysis and identification of the amide of azobilirubin as the aglycone derivative. 5. The sugar moieties were shown to occur as xylopyranose (alpha(2)) and glucopyranose (alpha(3)), bound at C-1, by application of a sequence of reactions performed on a micro-scale. The sugar hydroxyl groups were acetylated and the 1-acyl aglycone removed selectively by treatment with hydrogen bromide in acetic acid. Hydrolysis of the 1-bromo sugar acetates followed by acetylation afforded the alpha- and beta-xylopyranose tetra-acetates and alpha- and beta-glucopyranose penta-acetates, identified by a combination of g.l.c. and mass spectrometry. 6. The validity of this degradation scheme was confirmed (a) by g.l.c.-mass spectrometry identification of the alpha- and beta-1-propionyl derivatives of glucopyranose tetra-acetate, obtained from the alpha(3)-azopigment after final reaction with propionic anhydride; (b) by subjecting the acetates of alphabeta-glucopyranose, alphabeta-xylofuranose and alphabeta-glucofuranose to the same sequence of reactions.
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Project description:Gelsolin is the most widely expressed member of the actin capping and severing family of proteins. There are two isoforms of gelsolin: isoform 1, a secretory (plasma) protein that is 51 amino acids longer than isoform 2, a cytosolic protein, at the N-terminus; the first 27 amino acids is a signal sequence. Both isoforms are coded by a single gene and differ as a result of alternative initiation site/splicing. The level of gelsolin in the blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is altered in many diseases including amyloidoses and other neurodegenerative disorders. Although quantitative analysis of gelsolin has been reported, lack of suitable antibodies makes it impossible to differentiate these two isoforms by immunodetection techniques and no other technique is available. Therefore, ambiguity exists whether gelsolin present in circulation is isoform 1 or also isoform 2 released from lysed cells. We report in this communication a mass spectrometric approach to identify isoform 1 of gelsolin immunopurified from human plasma and CSF. Recombinant isoform 1 was used as reference.
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