Factors affecting formiminoglutamic acid excretion in vitamin B 12 deficiency.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Marston HR
PROVIDER: S-EPMC1185413 | biostudies-other | 1970 Feb
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other
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Project description: Not available
| S-EPMC6494183 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Neuraminidase deficiency (mucolipidosis I, sialidosis types I and II, cherry-red spot myoclonus syndrome) is a lysosomal storage disorder with an expanding clinical phenotype. Here, we report the striking diagnostic history of late-onset neuraminidase deficiency in two sisters, currently aged 14 (patient 1) and 15 (patient 2).Patient 1 was referred for evaluation of her vision after a traffic accident. During this examination, nummular cataract, macular cherry-red spot, and optic nerve atrophy were seen. Furthermore, tremors were noticed in her arms and legs. This combination suggested a lysosomal storage disorder. Her family history revealed an older sister, patient 2, who had a long history of unexplained neurologic symptoms; she was under unsuccessful treatment for conversion disorder. Patient 2 showed identical ophthalmological findings. In retrospect, she had presented with avascular osteonecrosis of the right femur head at age 9.Urinary oligosaccharide patterns and enzyme activity revealed neuraminidase deficiency in both patients. Urinary-bound sialic acid levels were normal. Sequencing of NEU1 demonstrated two known compound heterozygous mutations (c.1195_1200dup p.His399_Tyr400dup; c.679G>A, p.Glu227Arg).The substantial time window between onset of typical symptoms and diagnosis in patient 2 suggests inadequate awareness of lysosomal storage disorders among clinicians. Of special interest is the observation that normal urinary sialic acid levels do not exclude neuraminidase deficiency. Urinary oligosaccharide screening is essential to diagnosis in such cases. In addition, patient 2 is the fourth case in the literature with a history of femur head necrosis. Bone defects might therefore be an early manifestation of late-onset neuraminidase deficiency.
| S-EPMC5059187 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Although cobalamin (vitamin B12) deficiency was described over a century ago, it is still difficult to establish the correct diagnosis and prescribe the right treatment. Symptoms related to vitamin B12 deficiency may be diverse and vary from neurologic to psychiatric. A number of individuals with vitamin B12 deficiency may present with the classic megaloblastic anemia. In clinical practice, many cases of vitamin B12 deficiency are overlooked or sometimes even misdiagnosed. In this review, we describe the heterogeneous disease spectrum of patients with vitamin B12 deficiency in whom the diagnosis was either based on low serum B12 levels, elevated biomarkers like methylmalonic acid and/or homocysteine, or the improvement of clinical symptoms after the institution of parenteral vitamin B12 therapy. We discuss the possible clinical signs and symptoms of patients with B12 deficiency and the various pitfalls of diagnosis and treatment.
| S-EPMC6543499 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BACKGROUND:Reduced renal clearance of uric acid is a major contributor to hyperuricemia. The aim of this study was to examine clinical and genetic variables associated with fractional excretion of uric acid (FEUA). METHODS:Participants (with and without gout) in the Genetics of Gout in Aotearoa study with available genotyping and FEUA data were included (n?=?1713). Ten FEUA-associated loci detected within a genome-wide association study for serum urate in a European population were analysed. A polygenic score for FEUA was calculated in each ancestry group to model the cumulative effects of the genetic variants on FEUA. Associations between FEUA and both clinical variables and polygenic score were tested using linear regression models. RESULTS:The mean (SD) FEUA was 5.13 (2.70) % in Eastern Polynesian participants, 4.70 (5.89) % in Western Polynesian participants, and 5.89 (2.73) % in New Zealand European participants. Although association with FEUA was observed for SLC2A9 rs11942223 in New Zealand European participants (P?=?2.39?×?10-?8), this association was not observed in Eastern or Western Polynesian participants. The polygenic score was positively associated with FEUA in all ancestry groups. In New Zealand European participants, body mass index, diuretic use, polygenic score, and male sex were associated with FEUA and explained 22% of FEUA variance in the regression model. In Eastern and Western Polynesian participants, the tested variables explained 10% and 4% of FEUA variance respectively. CONCLUSIONS:Both clinical and genetic variables contribute to renal clearance of uric acid. SLC2A9 exerts effects on FEUA variance in people of European ancestry, but not in those of Polynesian ancestry. There is a large unexplained variance in FEUA, particularly in people of Polynesian ancestry.
| S-EPMC6852918 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Folic acid, vitamin B(6), and vitamin B(12) act in concert in the one-carbon metabolism and may protect against colorectal neoplasia. We examined the effect of combined B-vitamin treatment on the occurrence of colorectal adenoma.The Women's Antioxidant and Folic Acid Cardiovascular Study was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of 5442 female health professionals at high risk for cardiovascular disease from April 1998 through July 2005. Participants were randomly assigned to receive a combination pill of folic acid (2.5mg), vitamin B(6) (50mg), and vitamin B(12) (1mg) or placebo. This study included 1470 participants who were followed up for as long as 9.2 years and underwent an endoscopy at any point during follow-up. We estimated relative risks using a generalized linear model with a natural logarithm link function and Poisson distributed errors. All statistical tests were two-sided.The risk of colorectal adenoma was similar among participants receiving treatment (24.3%, 180 of 741 participants) vs placebo (24.0%, 175 of 729 participants) (multivariable adjusted relative risk = 1.00, 95% confidence interval = 0.83 to 1.20). Treatment was not associated with the risk of adenoma when data were analyzed by subsite, size, stage, and the number of adenomas. There was no statistically significant effect modification by alcohol intake, history of cancer or adenoma, or baseline plasma levels or intakes of folate, vitamin B(6), or vitamin B(12).Our results indicate no statistically significant effect of combined folic acid, vitamin B(6), and vitamin B(12) treatment on colorectal adenoma among women at high risk for cardiovascular disease.
| S-EPMC3611818 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Antithrombin is a crucial anticoagulant serpin whose even moderate deficiency significantly increases the risk of thrombosis. Most cases with antithrombin deficiency carried genetic defects affecting exons or flanking regions of SERPINC1.We aimed to identify regulatory mutations inSERPINC1 through sequencing the promoter, intron 1 and 2 of this gene in 23 patients with antithrombin deficiency but without known genetic defects. Three cases with moderate antithrombin deficiency (63-78%) carried potential regulatory mutations. One located 200 bp before the initiation ATG and two in intron 1. These mutations disrupted two out of five potential vitamin D receptor elements (VDRE) identified in SERPINC1 with different software. One genetic defect, c.42-1060_-1057dupTTGA, was a new low prevalent polymorphism (MAF: 0.01) with functional consequences on plasma antithrombin levels. The relevance of the vitamin D pathway on the regulation of SERPINC1 was confirmed in a cell model. Incubation of HepG2 with paricalcitol, a vitamin D analog, increased dose-dependently the levels of SERPINC1transcripts and antithrombin released to the conditioned medium. This study shows further evidence of the transcriptional regulation of SERPINC1 by vitamin D and first describes the functional and pathological relevance of mutations affecting VDRE of this gene. Our study opens new perspectives in the search of new genetic defects involved in antithrombin deficiency and the risk of thrombosis as well as in the design of new antithrombotic treatments.
| S-EPMC4803246 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Vitamin D deficiency (VDD), 25-OHD levels <20 ng/ml, is prevalent among patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) and is linked to acute and chronic pain and bone fracture in this population. There is limited literature regarding VDD-associated risk factors for SCD. We examined potential clinical and genomic parameters associated with VDD in 335 adults with SCD in a cross-sectional study. VDD was present in 65% of adult SCD patients, and 25-OHD levels independently and positively correlated with older age (P < 0·001) and vitamin D supplementation (P < 0·001). 25-OHD levels were higher in SCD patients over 40 years of age compared to the general African-American population. Both lower 25-OHD levels and increased pain frequency were associated with increased expression of SLC6A5 encoding glycine transporter-2 (GlyT2), a protein involved in neuronal pain pathways. Lower 25-OHD levels were also associated with increased expression of CYP3A4, and with decreased expression of GC (also termed DBP) and VDR, three genes involved in vitamin D metabolism. We conclude that vitamin D supplementation should be an almost universal feature of the care of young adults with SCD, and that further research is warranted into genomic factors that regulate vitamin D metabolism in SCD.
| S-EPMC6002929 | biostudies-literature
Project description:1. The fatty acid composition of the extractable lipids of Escherichia coli varied with growth conditions. 2. The principal fatty acids were palmitic acid, hexadecenoic acid, octadecenoic acid and the cyclopropane acids, methylenehexadecanoic acid and methyleneoctadecanoic acid. 3. Cyclopropane acid formation from monoenoic acids was increased by acid media, poor oxygen supply, or high growth temperature. 4. Cyclopropane acid formation was decreased by alkaline media, well oxygenated conditions, the presence of citrate, or lack of Mg(2+).
| S-EPMC1207215 | biostudies-other
Project description:The final step in bile acid synthesis involves conjugation with glycine and taurine, which promotes a high intraluminal micellar concentration to facilitate lipid absorption. We investigated the clinical, biochemical, molecular, and morphologic features of a genetic defect in bile acid conjugation in 10 pediatric patients with fat-soluble vitamin deficiency, some with growth failure or transient neonatal cholestatic hepatitis.We identified the genetic defect that causes this disorder using mass spectrometry analysis of urine, bile, and serum samples and sequence analysis of the genes encoding bile acid-CoA:amino acid N-acyltransferase (BAAT) and bile acid-CoA ligase (SLC27A5).Levels of urinary bile acids were increased (432 ± 248 ?mol/L) and predominantly excreted in unconjugated forms (79.4% ± 3.9%) and as sulfates and glucuronides. Glycine or taurine conjugates were absent in the urine, bile, and serum. Unconjugated bile acids accounted for 95.7% ± 5.8% of the bile acids in duodenal bile, with cholic acid accounting for 82.4% ± 5.5% of the total. Duodenal bile acid concentrations were 12.1 ± 5.9 mmol/L, which is too low for efficient lipid absorption. The biochemical profile was consistent with defective bile acid amidation. Molecular analysis of BAAT confirmed 4 different homozygous mutations in 8 patients tested.Based on a study of 10 pediatric patients, genetic defects that disrupt bile acid amidation cause fat-soluble vitamin deficiency and growth failure, indicating the importance of bile acid conjugation in lipid absorption. Some patients developed liver disease with features of a cholangiopathy. These findings indicate that patients with idiopathic neonatal cholestasis or later onset of unexplained fat-soluble vitamin deficiency should be screened for defects in bile acid conjugation.
| S-EPMC4175397 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Low 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels correlate with the prevalence of diabetes; however, the mechanisms remain uncertain. Here, we show that nutritional deprivation-responsive mechanisms regulate vitamin D metabolism. Both fasting and diabetes suppressed hepatic cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2R1, the main vitamin D 25-hydroxylase responsible for the first bioactivation step. Overexpression of coactivator peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1-α (PGC-1α), induced physiologically by fasting and pathologically in diabetes, resulted in dramatic downregulation of CYP2R1 in mouse hepatocytes in an estrogen-related receptor α (ERRα)-dependent manner. However, PGC-1α knockout did not prevent fasting-induced suppression of CYP2R1 in the liver, indicating that additional factors contribute to the CYP2R1 repression. Furthermore, glucocorticoid receptor (GR) activation repressed the liver CYP2R1, suggesting GR involvement in the regulation of CYP2R1. GR antagonist mifepristone partially prevented CYP2R1 repression during fasting, suggesting that glucocorticoids and GR contribute to the CYP2R1 repression during fasting. Moreover, fasting upregulated the vitamin D catabolizing CYP24A1 in the kidney through the PGC-1α-ERRα pathway. Our study uncovers a molecular mechanism for vitamin D deficiency in diabetes and reveals a novel negative feedback mechanism that controls crosstalk between energy homeostasis and the vitamin D pathway.
| S-EPMC6477896 | biostudies-literature