The C-terminal sequences of the heavy chains of human immunoglobulin G myeloma proteins of differing isotopes and allotypes.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Prahl JW
PROVIDER: S-EPMC1198421 | biostudies-other | 1967 Dec
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other
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Project description:BackgroundBony fish present an immunological system, which evolved independently from those of animals that migrated to land 400 million years ago. The publication of whole genome sequences and the availability of several cDNA libraries for medaka (Oryzias latipes) permitted us to perform a thorough analysis of immunoglobulin heavy chains present in this teleost.ResultsWe identified IgM and IgD coding ESTs, mainly in spleen, kidney and gills using published cDNA libraries but we did not find any sequence that coded for IgT or other heavy chain isotypes described in fish. The IgM - ESTs corresponded with the secreted and membrane forms and surprisingly, the latter form only presented two constant heavy chain domains. This is the first time that this short form of membrane IgM is described in a teleost. It is different from that identified in Notothenioid teleost because it does not present the typical splicing pattern of membrane IgM. The identified IgD-ESTs only present membrane transcripts, with Cμ1 and five Cδ exons. Furthermore, there are ESTs with sequences that do not have any VH which disrupt open reading frames. A scan of the medaka genome using transcripts and genomic short reads resulted in five zones within a region on chromosome 8 with Cμ and Cδ exons. Some of these exons do not form part of antibodies and were at times interspersed, suggesting a recombination process between zones. An analysis of the ESTs confirmed that no antibodies are expressed from zone 3.ConclusionsOur results suggest that the IGH locus duplication is very common among teleosts, wherein the existence of a recombination process explains the sequence homology between them.
| S-EPMC3141427 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The sequence has been completed of the N-terminal 94 residues of the variable section of the Fd fragment of heavy chains from rabbit immunoglobulin G (IgG) of allotype As1. Most of the sequence of the same section from IgG of allotype Aa3 is also reported. These results, in conjunction with a substantial sequence of the variable region of allotype Aa2 reported elsewhere (Fleischman, 1971), show the presence of 16 positions (including six consecutive positions) in which the residue present correlates with the allotype. No allotype-related sequence variation has been found in the constant section of the Fd fragment. This evidence supports the view that two genes code for the heavy chain and it can be used as evidence in favour of somatic mutation as the origin of the variability in the sequence of the N-terminal section. The evolutionary origin of the ;a' locus allotypes of rabbit immunoglobulins remains obscure.
| S-EPMC1177145 | biostudies-other
Project description:Three type K Bence-Jones proteins have been fully reduced and carboxymethylated with high-specific-activity iodo[(14)C]acetate. A tryptic digest and a chymotryptic digest of each protein were fractionated on a Sephadex column and the radioactive peptides were purified by paper electrophoresis. All the proteins studied had five unique carboxymethylated cysteine sequences. Three of these were identical with the exception of a single substitution, and two had some variations. The common peptides could be placed in the C-terminal half of the molecule. The variations around the other two half-cysteine residues provided information about the nature of the variability of the primary sequence of immunoglobulin kappa-chains. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that the chains derive from a common ancestor by somatic mutation of a small number of genes or by gene doubling and selection in the course of evolution. The isolation of the N-terminal peptide in methionine-containing Bence-Jones proteins is also described.
| S-EPMC1270115 | biostudies-other
Project description:The heavy chain of a pathological human immunoglobulin IgG and also the Fd fragment have been isolated. No free alpha-amino group was present on either and the N-terminal sequence of both has been identified as pyrrolid-2-one-5-carbonylvalylthreonine. Splitting at the four methionine residues of the heavy chain with cyanogen bromide gave five fractions. The fraction from the C-terminal end of the chain was isolated in high yield and the amino acid sequence was: His-Glu-Ala-Leu-His-Asp(NH(2))-His-Tyr-Thr-Glu(NH(2))-Lys-Ser-Leu-Ser-Leu-Ser-Pro-Gly These results give strong support to the view that the heavy chain of immunoglobulin is a single peptide chain.
| S-EPMC1265004 | biostudies-other
Project description:The sequences of the N-terminal peptides prepared by Pronase digestion of the heavy chain of rabbit immunoglobulin G of allotype Aa1, Aa2 and Aa3 were determined and were shown to be related to the allotype. An N-terminal fragment of about 34 residues was also prepared from the allotype heavy chains, by cleavage with cyanogen bromide; the yield varied with the allotype. The sequences of the cyanogen bromide fragments from the Aa1 and Aa3 heavy chains contain allotype-related variations similar to those found in the N-terminal Pronase peptides, and these sequences are thought to be representative of the whole heavy-chain populations. There is about 60% homology between the two sequences, and superimposed on the differences between them there are a number of positions within each sequence at which at least two amino acids are present.
| S-EPMC1187690 | biostudies-other
Project description:In multiple myeloma, karyotopic 14q32 translocations have been identified at a variable frequency (10-60% in different studies). In the majority of cases, the partner chromosome has not been identified (14q+), and in the remaining cases, a diverse array of chromosomal partners has been implicated, with 11q13 being the most common. We developed a comprehensive Southern blot assay to identify and distinguish different kinds of immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) switch recombination events. Illegitimate switch recombination fragments (defined as containing sequences from only one switch region) are potential markers of translocation events into IgH switch regions and were identified in 15 of 21 myeloma cell lines, including seven of eight karyotyped lines that have no detectable 14q32 translocation. From all nine lines or tumor samples analyzed further, cloned illegitimate switch recombination fragments were confirmed to be IgH switch translocation breakpoints. In three of these cases, the translocation breakpoint was shown to be present in the primary tumor. These translocation breakpoints involve six chromosomal loci: 4p16.3 (two lines and the one tumor); 6; 8q24.13; 11q13.3 (in three lines); 16q23.1; and 21q22.1. We suggest that translocations into the IgH locus (i) are frequent (karyotypic 14q32 translocations and/or illegitimate switch recombination fragments are present in primary tumor samples and in 19 of 21 lines that we have analyzed); (ii) occur mainly in switch regions; and (iii) involve a diverse but nonrandom array (i.e., frequently 11q13 or 4p16) of chromosomal partners. This appears to be the most frequent genetic abnormality in multiple myeloma.
| S-EPMC19472 | biostudies-literature
Project description:H chain cDNA libraries were constructed from the RNA derived from seven different organs and tissues from the same individual catfish. Sequence analysis of >300 randomly selected clones identified clonal set members within the same or different tissues, and some of these represented mosaic or hybrid sequences. These hybrids expressed V(H) members of the same or different V(H) families within different regions of the same clone. Within some clonal sets multiple hybrids were identified, and some of these represented the products of sequential V(H) replacement events. Different experimental methods confirmed that hybrid clones identified in the cDNA library from one tissue could be reisolated in the cDNA pool or from the total RNA derived from the same or a different tissue, indicating that these hybrids likely represented the products of in vivo receptor revision events. Murine statistical recombination models were used to evaluate cryptic recombination signal sequences (cRSS), and significant cRSS pairs in the predicted V(H) donor and recipient were identified. These models supported the hypothesis that seamless revisions may have occurred via hybrid joint formation. The heptamers of the cRSS pairs were located at different locations within the coding region, and different events resulted in the replacement of one or both CDR as well as events that replaced the upstream untranslated region and the leader region. These studies provide phylogenetic evidence that receptor revision may occur in clonally expanded B cell lineages, which supports the hypothesis that additional levels of somatic H chain diversification may exist.
| S-EPMC2711631 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectiveThe leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor (LILR) family includes inhibitory and stimulatory members which bind to classical and non-classical HLA-class I. The ligands for many LILR including LILRB5 have not yet been identified.MethodsWe generated C-terminal eGFP and N-terminal FLAG-tagged fusion constructs for monitoring LILR expression. We screened for LILR binding to HLA-class I by tetramer staining of 293T cells transfected with LILRA1, A4, A5 A6 and LILRB2 and LILRB5. We also studied HLA class I tetramer binding to LILRB5 on peripheral monocyte cells. LILRB5 binding to HLA-class I heavy chains was confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation.ResultsHLA-B27 (B27) free heavy chain (FHC) dimer but not other HLA-class I stained LILRB5-transfected 293T cells. B27 dimer binding to LILRB5 was blocked with the class I heavy chain antibody HC10 and anti-LILRB5 antisera. B27 dimers also bound to LILRB5 on peripheral monocytes. HLA-B7 and B27 heavy chains co-immunoprecipitated with LILRB5 in transduced B and rat basophil RBL cell lines.ConclusionsOur findings show that class I free heavy chains are ligands for LILRB5. The unique binding specificity of LILRB5 for HLA-class I heavy chains probably results from differences in the D1 and D2 immunoglobulin-like binding domains which are distinct from other LILR which bind to ?2m-associated HLA-class I.
| S-EPMC4476610 | biostudies-literature
Project description:;Fingerprints' of bovine colostrum and serum immunoglobulin G1 heavy chains were extremely similar, but different from serum immunoglobin G2 heavy chains. Serum immunoglobulin G1 and immunoglobulin G2 heavy chains were treated with cyanogen bromide. The fractions from the C-terminal end of the heavy chains were isolated and the amino acid sequence of this fraction from immunoglobulin G2 was:His-Glx-Ala-Leu-His-Asx-His-Tyr-Met-Gln-Lys-Ser-Thr-Ser-Lys-Ser-Ala-GlyThe amino acid composition of this fraction from immunoglobulin G1 was the same except for the methionine, which in immunoglobulin G1 was replaced by threonine.
| S-EPMC1198699 | biostudies-other
Project description:The disulphide bridges of the Fc fragment (C-terminal half of the heavy chain) have been studied in several human immunoglobulins, containing heavy chains of different antigenic types (gamma1, gamma2, gamma3 and gamma4), and in heavy-chain-disease proteins. Two intrachain disulphide bridges were found to be present. The sequences appear to be identical in the Fc fragments of two types of chain studied (gamma1 and gamma3), and very similar to corresponding sequences of the Fc fragment in rabbit. These results suggest that the C-terminal half of the heavy chains is covalently folded (in a similar fashion to the light chains) with a C-terminal loop and an N-terminal loop. The similarity is emphasized by comparison of the sequence and location of the disulphide-bridged peptides of the C-terminal loop of heavy and light chains. The N-terminal loop, on the other hand, appears to be very different in Fc fragments and light chains. The C-terminal loop is the only one present in the F'c fragment.
| S-EPMC1198463 | biostudies-other