An octadecatrienoic acid from Lamium purpureum L. seed oil containing 5,6-allenic and trans-16-olefinic unsaturation.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Mikolajczak KL
PROVIDER: S-EPMC1198447 | biostudies-other | 1967 Dec
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other
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Project description:Background:A significant number of men who are younger than 50 years visit urologists for interminable prostatitis. This study aimed to thoroughly investigate the effect of pumpkin seed oil (PSO) phonophoresis on chronic nonbacterial prostatitis (CNBP). Subjects and methods:Sixty patients with CNBP were randomly assigned to three groups: Group A, wherein patients were treated with PSO using phonophoresis; Group B, where patients underwent transperineal continuous low-intensity ultrasound (LIUS); and Group C, wherein patients underwent placebo LIUS. All three groups received their corresponding treatments daily for up to 3 weeks. The NIH-Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index (NIH-CPSI), residual urine determined by urodynamic measurements, and flow rate were used to analyze study outcomes. The white blood cell (WBC) count in the prostatic secretion was determined. Results:Comparisons of the intragroup mean values of all measurements in Groups A and B before and after the end of the treatment showed a significant improvement in residual urine, flow rate, WBC count, and NIH-CPSI (p < 0.05), whereas no significant change was found in Group C (p > 0.05). Between-group comparisons of all variables showed a significant difference was found after intervention (p < 0.05). Postintervention comparisons between Groups A and B showed a significant difference in all measurements, except for WBC, in favor of Group A. Comparing the changes between Groups A and C, a significant difference was found in all measurements (p < 0.05). Furthermore, all parameters differed significantly when comparing Groups B and C (p < 0.05). Conclusion:The current study showed that PSO phonophoresis can produce a significant effect in the management of CNBP and can, therefore, be considered a safe, noninvasive method for the treatment of CNBP.
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Project description:Vascular disrupting agents (VDA) represent a novel approach to the treatment of cancer, resulting in collapse of tumor vasculature and tumor death. 5,6-Dimethylxanthenone-4-acetic acid (DMXAA) is a VDA currently in advanced Phase II clinical trials, yet its precise mechanism of action is unknown despite extensive preclinical and clinical investigations. The data presented herein demonstrate that DMXAA is a novel and specific activator of the TBK1-IRF-3 signaling pathway. DMXAA treatment of primary murine macrophages resulted in robust IRF-3 activation, a ~750-fold increase in IFN-beta mRNA and, in contrast to the potent Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) agonist, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), signaling was independent of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation and elicited minimal NF-kappaB-dependent gene expression. DMXAA-induced signaling was critically dependent on the IRF-3 kinase, TBK1, and IRF-3, but MyD88-, TRIF-, IPS-1/MAVS-, and IKKbeta-independent, thus excluding all known TLRs and cytosolic helicase receptors. DMXAA pretreatment of murine macrophages induced a state of tolerance to LPS and vice versa. In contrast to LPS stimulation, DMXAA-induced IRF-3 dimerization and IFN-beta expression were inhibited by salicylic acid (SA). These findings detail a novel pathway for TBK-1-mediated IRF-3 activation and provide new insights into the mechanism of this new class of chemotherapeutic drugs. Keywords: DMXAA, IRF-3, TBK1, IFN-beta, Salicylic acid, TLR
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Project description:Cannabidiolic acid (CBDA) is the main precannabinoid in industrial hemp. It represents a common constituent of hemp seed oil, but mainly abundant in the aerial parts of the plant (including their processing waste). Thus, the optimization of fast and low-cost purification strategies is mandatory, as well as a deep investigation on its nutraceutical and cosmeceutical properties. To this purpose, CBDA content in hemp seed oil is evaluated, and its recovery from wasted leaves is favorably achieved. The cytotoxicity screening towards HaCaT cells, by means of MTT, SRB and LDH release assays, suggested it was not able to decrease cell viability or perturb cell integrity up to 10 μM concentration. Thus, the ability of CBDA to differentially modulate the release of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines mediators has been evaluated, finding that CBDA decreased IFN-γ, CXCL8, CXCL10, CCL2, CCL4 and CCL5, mostly in a dose-dependent manner, with 10 μM tested concentration exerting the highest activity. These data, together with those from assessing antimicrobial activity against Gram(+) and Gram(-) bacteria and the antibiofilm formation, suggest that CBDA is able to counteract the inflammatory response, also preventing bacteria colonization.
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Project description:BackgroundIn animal models cis-palmitoleic acid (9-hexadecenoic acid; 16:1n-7c), a lipokine, improves insulin sensitivity, inflammation, and lipoprotein profiles; in humans trans-palmitoleic acid (16:1n-7t) has been associated with lower incidence of type 2 diabetes. The response to dose-escalation of supplements containing cis- and trans-palmitoleic acid has not been evaluated.ObjectivesWe examined dose-escalation effects of oral supplementation with seabuckthorn oil and seabuckthorn oil augmented in 16:1n-7t on serum phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs).MethodsThirteen participants (7 women and 6 men; age 48 ± 16 y, BMI 30.4 ± 3.7 kg/m2) participated in a randomized, double-blind, crossover, dose-escalation trial of unmodified seabuckthorn oils relatively high in 16:1n-7c (380, 760, and 1520 mg 16:1n-7c/d) and seabuckthorn oils augmented in 16:1n-7t (120, 240, and 480 mg 16:1n-7t/d). Each of the 3 escalation doses was provided for 3 wk, with a 4-wk washout period between the 2 supplements. At the end of each dose period, fasting blood samples were used to determine the primary outcomes (serum concentrations of the PLFAs 16:1n-7t and 16:1n-7c) and the secondary outcomes (glucose homeostasis, serum lipids, and clinical measures). Trends across doses were evaluated using linear regression.ResultsCompared with baseline, supplementation with seabuckthorn oil augmented in 16:1n-7t increased phospholipid 16:1n-7t by 26.6% at the highest dose (P = 0.0343). Supplementation with unmodified seabuckthorn oil resulted in a positive trend across the dose-escalations (P-trend = 0.0199). No significant effects of either supplement were identified on blood glucose, insulin, lipids, or other clinical measures, although this dosing study was not powered to detect such effects. No carryover or adverse effects were observed.ConclusionsSupplementation with seabuckthorn oil augmented in 16:1n-7t and unmodified seabuckthorn oil moderately increased concentrations of their corresponding PLFAs in metabolically healthy adults, supporting the use of supplementation with these fatty acids to test potential clinical effects in humans.This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02311790.
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