Effect of oestradiol 3-benzoate on the concentrations of retinal and lipids in cod plasma.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Plack PA
PROVIDER: S-EPMC1198492 | biostudies-other | 1968 Jan
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other
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Project description:1. Before the uptake of water that precedes spawning, eggs of cod (Gadus morhua L.) contained 30% dry matter, of which 80% was protein. Some 75% of this protein was soluble in 0.5m-sodium chloride. The major components in the extract were two similar lipoproteins, of molecular weight about 400000, containing 21% lipid, some two-thirds of which was phospholipid, and about 0.5% protein phosphorus. 2. These lipoproteins were identified by immunochemical methods in the serum of female cod with developing ovaries, but not in the serum of male or of immature female fish. 3. The concentrations of egg proteins in the serum of female cod were determined by a serial-dilution double-diffusion immunological method, and were shown to increase with development of the ovaries, reaching a value of about 32mg/ml when the weight of the ovaries was 10% of the weight of the fish. 4. Immature male and female cod were injected intramuscularly with a solution of oestradiol-17beta 3-benzoate in oil and the concentration of egg proteins in their serum was measured by the immunodiffusion method. The serum contained no detectable egg proteins before injection of the fish, but 30mug of oestradiol benzoate/kg gave rise to detectable amounts of egg proteins in 10 days, and with 300mug or 1mg of oestradiol benzoate/kg the concentration of egg proteins rose to 32mg/ml. The values for male and female cod were similar and represented about one-half of the total serum protein. 5. With a dose of 1mg of oestradiol benzoate/kg, egg proteins were first detected in the serum 2 days after injection and the concentration increased up to 10 days. 6. Serum samples taken before and 10 days after an injection of 1mg of oestradiol benzoate/kg were fractionated by gel-filtration on Sephadex G-200. The difference curves obtained from fractionation curves after and before injection confirmed the values of the concentrations of egg proteins obtained from the immunodiffusion test and showed that the concentrations of the normal serum components fell by 20-50% of the initial value, the high-molecular-weight globulins showing the most marked fall. 7. Egg proteins were detected in the liver and testes of the injected fish, but not in the ovaries.
| S-EPMC1176673 | biostudies-other
Project description:The effect of lipid composition on models of the inner leaflet of mammalian cell membranes has been investigated. Grazing incidence X-ray diffraction and X-ray and neutron reflectivity have been used to characterize lipid packing and solvation, while electrochemical and infrared spectroscopic methods have been employed to probe phase behavior in an applied electric field. Introducing a small quantity of the anionic lipid dimyristoylphosphatidylserine (DMPS) into bilayers of zwitterionic dimyristoylphosphatidylethanolamine (DMPE) results in a significant change in the bilayer response to an applied field: the tilt of the hydrocarbon chains increases before returning to the original tilt angle on detachment of the bilayer. Equimolar mixtures, with slightly closer chain packing, exhibit a similar but weaker response. The latter also tend to incorporate more solvent during this electrochemical phase transition, at levels similar to those of pure DMPS. Reflectivity measurements reveal greater solvation of lipid layers for DMPS > 30 mol %, matching the greater propensity for DMPS-rich bilayers to incorporate water. Taken together, the data indicate that the range of 10-35 mol % DMPS provides optimum bilayer properties (in flexibility and function as a barrier), which may explain why the DMPS content of cell membranes tends to be found within this range.
| S-EPMC9948536 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectiveTo investigate the association of four common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at ABCG5 (i7892A>G, i18429C>T, Gln604GluC>G, i11836G>A) and five at ABCG8 (5U145T>G, Tyr54CysA>G, Asp19HisG>C, i14222T>C, and Thr400LysG>T) with plasma lipids concentrations and to explore the interaction between those SNPs and smoking in patients with FH.Methods and resultsABCG5/G8 SNPs were genotyped in 500 subjects with genetic diagnosis of FH. Carriers of the minor A allele at the ABCG5_i11836G>A SNP displayed significantly higher HDL-C concentrations (P=0.023) than G/G subjects. In addition, carriers of the minor G allele at the ABCG5_Gln604GluC>G SNP had significantly lower VLDL-C (P=0.011) and lower TG (P=0.017) concentrations than homozygous C/C. Interestingly, a significant gene-smoking interaction was found, in which carriers of the minor alleles at ABCG5 (i7892A>G, i18429C>T, i11836G>A) SNPs displayed significantly lower HDL-C, higher TC and higher TG respectively, only in smokers. On the other hand, nonsmokers carriers of the minor alleles at ABCG5 (i18429C>T and Gln604GluC>G) SNPs had significantly lower TG concentrations (P=0.012 and P=0.035) compared with homozygous for the major allele.ConclusionsOur data support the notion that ABCG5/G8 genetic variants modulate plasma lipids concentrations in patients with FH and confirm that this effect could be influenced by smoking. Therefore, these results suggest that gene-environmental interactions can affect the clinical phenotype of FH.
| S-EPMC2905734 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BACKGROUND:Abnormal lipid profiles have been associated with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), but studies with longitudinal measures of lipids throughout pregnancy are sparse. The aim of the present study was to characterize longitudinal changes in lipid profiles throughout pregnancy and prospectively examine the associations of plasma lipid concentrations with risk of GDM. METHODS:This study was a nested case-control study including 107 GDM cases and 214 matched non-GDM controls from participants in the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) Fetal Growth Studies - Singleton cohort. Blood samples were collected longitudinally at Gestational Weeks (GW) 10-14, 15-26 (fasting sample), 23-31, and 33-39. Plasma concentrations of triglycerides, total cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were measured by enzymatic assays. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) was calculated using Friedewald's formula. RESULTS:Plasma triglycerides, total cholesterol, and LDL-C increased as pregnancy progressed. At GW 10-14, the adjusted odds ratios (aORs) of GDM comparing the highest versus lowest quartile were 3.15 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.38-7.15; P trend ?=?0.002) for triglycerides and 0.44 (95% CI 0.18-1.09; P trend ?=?0.045) for HDL-C. At GW 15-26, the aORs were 6.57 (95% CI 2.25-19.17; P trend ?=?0.001) for triglycerides and 0.23 (95% CI 0.08-0.63; P trend ?=?0.005) for HDL-C. No significant associations were observed for total cholesterol and LDL-C concentrations with risk of GDM. CONCLUSIONS:Higher plasma triglyceride and lower HDL-C concentrations in early and mid-pregnancy were significantly associated with a greater risk of GDM. Total cholesterol and LDL-C concentrations during pregnancy were not significantly associated with GDM risk.
| S-EPMC5837900 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Treatment with mirtazapine, a widely prescribed antidepressant, has been linked to weight gain and dyslipidemia. Whether dyslipidemia occurs secondary to increased appetite due to antidepressant treatment, or due to direct pharmacological effects of mirtazapine is unknown. The aim of this analysis is to complement our previously published results of the effect of mirtazapine on metabolism and energy substrate partitioning from a proof-of-concept, open-label clinical study (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00878540) in 12 healthy males (20-25 years). We report the effect of a seven-day administration of mirtazapine 30 mg per day on weight and lipid metabolism in healthy men under highly standardized conditions with respect to diet, physical activity and day-night-rhythm and under continuous clinical observation. After a 7-day administration of mirtazapine 30 mg, we observed a statistically significant increase in triglyceride levels (mean change + 4.4 mg/dl; 95% CI [- 11.4; 2.6]; p = 0.044) as well as TG/HDL-C ratio (mean change + 0.2; 95% CI [- 0.4; 0.1]; p = 0.019) and a decrease in HDL-cholesterol (mean change - 4.3 mg/dl; 95% CI [2.1; 6.5]; p = 0.004), LDL-cholesterol (mean change - 8.7 mg/dl; 95% CI [3.8; 13.5]; p = 0.008), total cholesterol (mean change - 12.3 mg/dl; 95% CI [5.4; 19.1]; p = 0.005), and non-HDL-C (mean change - 8.0 mg/dl; 95% CI [1.9; 14.0]; p = 0.023). Notably, weight (mean change - 0.6 kg; 95% CI [0.4; 0.8]; p = 0.002) and BMI (mean change - 0.2; 95% CI [0.1; 0.2]; p = 0.002) significantly decreased. No change in waist circumference (mean change - 0.4 cm; 95% CI [- 2.1; 2.9]; p = 0.838) or waist-to-hip-ratio (mean change 0.0; 95% CI [- 0.0; 0.0]; p = 0.814) was observed. This is the first study showing unfavorable changes in lipid metabolism under mirtazapine in healthy individuals despite highly standardized conditions including dietary restriction, and despite the observation of a decrease of weight. Our findings support the hypothesis that mirtazapine has direct pharmacological effects on lipid metabolism. ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT00878540.
| S-EPMC10409833 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The goal of this study is to understand the role of adipocyte-specific Trib1 in adiponectin and plasma lipid regulation. Here, we report that adipocyte-specific Trib1 knockout mice (Trib1_ASKO) have increased plasma adiponectin levels and decreased plasma cholesterol and triglycerides. We demonstrate that loss of Trib1 increases adipocyte production and secretion of adiponectin independent of the known TRIB1 function of regulating proteasomal degradation. RNA-seq analysis of adipocytes and livers from Trib1_ASKO mice suggests that alterations in adipocyte function underlie the plasma lipid changes observed in these mice. Secretomics and RNA-seq analysis revealed that Trib1_ASKO mice have increased production of Lpl and decreased production of Angptl4 in adipose tissue, and fluorescent substrate assays confirm an increase in adipose tissue Lpl activity, which likely underlies the observed triglyceride phenotype. In summary, we demonstrate here a novel role for adipocyte Trib1 in regulating plasma adiponectin, total cholesterol, and triglycerides in mice, confirming previous genetic associations observed in humans and providing a novel avenue through which Trib1 regulates plasma lipids and coronary artery disease.
2022-06-30 | GSE168596 | GEO
Project description:PurposeTo explore whether high intake of cod or salmon would affect gut microbiota profile, faecal output and serum concentrations of lipids and bile acids.MethodsSeventy-six adults with overweight/obesity with no reported gastrointestinal disease were randomly assigned to consume 750 g/week of either cod or salmon, or to avoid fish intake (Control group) for 8 weeks. Fifteen participants from each group were randomly selected for 72 h faeces collection at baseline and end point for gut microbiota profile analyses using 54 bacterial DNA probes. Food intake was registered, and fasting serum and morning urine were collected at baseline and end point.ResultsSixty-five participants were included in serum and urine analyses, and gut microbiota profile was analysed for 33 participants. Principal component analysis of gut microbiota showed an almost complete separation of the Salmon group from the Control group, with lower counts for bacteria in the Bacteroidetes phylum and the Clostridiales order of the Firmicutes phyla, and higher counts for bacteria in the Selenomonadales order of the Firmicutes phylum. The Cod group showed greater similarity to the Salmon group than to the Control group. Intake of fibres, proteins, fats and carbohydrates, faecal daily mass and output of fat, cholesterol and total bile acids, and serum concentrations of cholesterol, triacylglycerols, non-esterified fatty acids and total bile acids were not altered in the experimental groups.ConclusionA high intake of cod or salmon fillet modulated gut microbiota but did not affect faecal output or serum concentrations of lipids and total bile acids.Clinical trial registrationThis trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02350595.
| S-EPMC8137623 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are associated with decreased plasma homocysteine (Hcy), an important biomarker for cardiovascular disease. The S-adenosylmethionine synthetase type-1 (MAT1A), an essential enzyme in the conversion of methionine to S-adenosylmethionine, plays a key role in homocysteine metabolism. This study investigated the interaction between dietary fatty acids and MAT1A genotypes on plasma Hcy concentrations among Boston Puerto Ricans.Plasma Hcy and MAT1A genotypes were determined in 994 subjects of the Boston Puerto Rican Health Study. Dietary fatty acid intakes were assessed by interviews using a questionnaire adapted from the NCI/Block food frequency form.In the cross-sectional analysis, genetic variant MAT1A 3U1510 displayed a significant interaction with dietary n-3:n-6 PUFA ratio in determining plasma Hcy (p-value for interaction = 0.025). 3U1510G homozygotes had significantly lower plasma Hcy concentration than major allele homozygotes and heterozygotes (AA + AG) (p-value for trend = 0.019) when the n-3:n-6 ratio was >0.09. Two other MAT1A variants, d18777 and i15752, also showed significant interactions with different constituents of dietary fat influencing Hcy concentrations. Furthermore, haplotypes consisting of three variants displayed a strong interaction with n3:n6 ratio influencing Hcy concentrations.Our results suggest that MAT1A genotypes appear to modulate effects of dietary fat on plasma Hcy.
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Project description:The metabolically active retina obtains essential lipids by endogenous biosynthesis and from the systemic circulation. Clinical studies provide limited and sometimes conflicting evidence as to the relationships between circulating lipid levels and the development and progression of diabetic retinopathy in people with diabetes. Cardiovascular-system-focused clinical trials that also evaluated some retinal outcomes demonstrate the potential protective power of lipid-lowering therapies in diabetic retinopathy and some trials with ocular primary endpoints are in progress. Although triacylglycerol-lowering therapies with fibrates afforded some protection against diabetic retinopathy, the effect was independent of changes in traditional blood lipid classes. While systemic LDL-cholesterol lowering with statins did not afford protection against diabetic retinopathy in most clinical trials, and none of the trials focused on retinopathy as the main outcome, data from very large database studies suggest the possible effectiveness of statins. Potential challenges in these studies are discussed, including lipid-independent effects of fibrates and statins, modified lipoproteins and retinal-specific effects of lipid-lowering drugs. Dysregulation of retinal-specific cholesterol metabolism leading to retinal cholesterol accumulation and potential formation of cholesterol crystals are also addressed.
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Project description:BCG vaccination protects not only against tuberculosis but also against heterologous infections. This effect differs between individuals, yet the factors responsible for this variation are unknown. BCG-induced nonspecific protection is, at least partially, mediated by innate immune reprogramming (trained immunity), which can be induced by the muramyl dipeptide (MDP) component of peptidoglycans. We aimed to study whether differential release of MDP in healthy individuals may explain variability of their response to BCG vaccination. Circulating MDP concentrations were increased up to three months after BCG vaccination. MDP concentrations at baseline, but not their increase postvaccination, positively correlated with the induction of trained immunity and not with mycobacteria-induced T-cell responses. Interestingly, MDP concentrations correlated with inflammatory markers in the circulation. In conclusion, circulating MDP concentrations are associated with the strength of trained immunity responses and thus influence the biological effects of BCG vaccination. This study increases our understanding about the role of MDP in BCG-induced trained immunity, which might help to optimize vaccine efficacy and explore novel applications of BCG vaccination.
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