Site-specific glycosylation of human immunoglobulin G is altered in four rheumatoid arthritis patients.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Youings A
PROVIDER: S-EPMC1217093 | biostudies-other | 1996 Mar
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other
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Project description:Secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) is a major glycoprotein in milk and plays a key role in mediating immune protection of the gut mucosa. Although it is a highly glycosylated protein, its site-specific glycosylation and associated glycan micro-heterogeneity have still not been fully elucidated. In this study, the site-specific glycosylation of sIgA isolated from human colostrum (n = 3) was analyzed using a combination of LC-MS and LC-MS/MS and in-house software (Glycopeptide Finder). The majority of the glycans found are biantennary structures with one or more acidic Neu5Ac residues; however, a large fraction belonged to truncated complex structures with terminal GlcNAc. Multiple glycosites were identified with nearly 30 glycan compositions located at seven sites on the secretory component, six compositions at a single site on the J chain, and 16 compositions at five sites on the IgA heavy (H) chain. Site-specific heterogeneity and relative quantitation of each composition and the extent of occupation at each site were determined using nonspecific proteases. Additionally, 54 O-linked glycan compositions located at the IgA1 hinge region (HR) were identified by comparison against a theoretical O-glycopeptide library. This represents the most comprehensive report to date detailing the complexity of glycan micro-heterogeneity with relative quantitation of glycoforms for each glycosylation site on milk sIgA. This strategy further provides a general method for determining site-specific glycosylation in large protein complexes.
| S-EPMC5519350 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Prolactin is a peptide hormone produced in the anterior pituitary, which increase in several physiological and pathological situations. It is unclear if hyperprolactinaemia may affect glycosylation of immunoglobulin G (IgG). Twenty-five patients with hyperprolactinemia and 22 healthy control subjects were included in the study. The groups had similar age and gender distribution. A panel of hormonal and haematological analyses, creatinine, glucose, liver enzymes and immunoglobulins were measured by routine clinical methods. IgG was purified from serum by Protein G Sepharose. Sialic acid was released from IgG by use of neuraminidase followed by quantification on high performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection. Tryptic glycopeptides of IgG was analysed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry. Hormone and immunoglobulin levels were similar in the two groups, except for IgA and prolactin. Significantly higher IgG1 and IgG2/3 galactosylation was found in the patient group with hyperprolactinaemia compared to controls. (A significant correlation between prolactin and IgG2/3 galactosylation (Rs 0.61, p<0.001) was found for samples with prolactin values below 2000 mIU/L. The relative amount of sialylated and bisecting glycans on IgG did not differ between patients and controls. The four macroprolactinaemic patients showed decreased relative amount of bisecting IgG2/3 glycans. Hyperprolactinaemia was found to be associated with increased galactosylation of IgG1and IgG2/3. This may have impact on IgG interactions with Fc-receptors, complement and lectins, and consequently lead to an altered immune response.
| S-EPMC7909626 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease which affects females more than males with a presence of autoantibodies. Immunoglobulin G (IgG) produced by adaptive arm has 2 functional domains, Fc and Fab. The Fc domain binds Fc gamma receptors and C1q proteins of the innate arm. Therefore, the IgG Fc domain serves as a bridge between the innate and adaptive arms and is regulated by an evolutionarily conserved N-glycosylation with variable structures. These glycans are classified as agalactosylated G0, monogalactosylated G1, and digalactosylated G2, which are further modified by core-fucosylation (F) and bisecting N-acetylglucosamine (B) moieties such as G0F and G0FB. Interestingly, proinflammatory G0F is shown to be regulated by estrogen in vivo. Here, it is hypothesized that the regulation of G0F by estrogen contributes to sex dichotomy in RA by setting up the level of IgG-dependent inflammation and therefore, RA disease activity (Das28-CRP3). To investigate this hypothesis, IgG glycosylation was characterized in serum samples from active RA patients (n = 232) and healthy controls (n = 232) by serum N-glycan analysis using the high performance liquid chromatography. According to the results, the IgG Fc glycan phenotype originates predominantly from the structure of G0F, and both G0F and G0FB correlate with Das28-CRP3 in females, but not in males. In conclusion, IgG G0F-dependent inflammation differs in males and females, and these differences point to the differential regulation of inflammation by sex hormone estrogen via IgG glycosylation.
| S-EPMC7759195 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to examine cause-specific mortality in patients with PsA compared with the general population and compared with patients with RA.MethodsA cohort study was performed using The Health Improvement Network among patients aged 18-89 years with data from 1994 to 2010. PsA and RA were defined by medical codes, and up to 10 unexposed controls were matched on practice and start date within the practice. Cause of death was classified using categories from UK death statistics. Each death was manually reviewed to ensure appropriate classification. Age- and sex-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and multivariable adjusted HRs were calculated using competing risks survival regression.ResultsAmong patients with PsA (8706), RA (41 752) and unexposed controls (81 573), 470, 7004 and 5269 deaths were observed, respectively. The most common causes of death among all patients were cardiovascular disease, followed by malignancy, respiratory deaths and infection. Cause of death was unknown in ?25%. Among PsA patients, cardiovascular (1.09, 0.91-1.32), respiratory (0.97, 0.79-1.20), malignancy (1.03, 0.86-1.25) and infection deaths (1.05, 0.79-1.39) were not elevated. Among patients with RA, cardiovascular (1.55, 1.44-1.66), respiratory (1.85, 1.72-2.01), malignancy (1.18, 1.08-1.28) and infection deaths (2.21, 2.00-2.44) were significantly elevated compared with population controls. Although less common, suicide deaths were elevated in PsA and RA (HR 3.03 and 2.47, respectively).ConclusionOverall mortality and cause-specific mortality risk were not elevated among patients with PsA except for suicide deaths. Patients with RA were at increased risk of deaths from cardiovascular, respiratory, cancer and infectious diseases.
| S-EPMC6075466 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectivesTo determine if plasma microbial small RNAs (sRNAs) are altered in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) compared with control subjects, associated with RA disease-related features, and altered by disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs).MethodssRNA sequencing was performed on plasma from 165 patients with RA and 90 matched controls and a separate cohort of 70 patients with RA before and after starting a DMARD. Genome alignments for RA-associated bacteria, representative bacterial and fungal human microbiome genomes and environmental bacteria were performed. Microbial genome counts and individual sRNAs were compared across groups and correlated with disease features. False discovery rate was set at 0.05.ResultsGenome counts of Lactobacillus salivarius, Anaerobaculum hydrogeniformans, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus, Paenisporosarcina spp, Facklamia hominis, Sphingobacterium spiritivorum, Lentibacillus amyloliquefaciens, Geobacillus spp, and Pseudomonas fluorescens were significantly decreased in the plasma of RA compared with control subjects. Three microbial transfer RNA-derived sRNAs were increased in RA versus controls and inversely associated with disease activity. Higher total microbial sRNA reads were associated with lower disease activity in RA. Baseline total microbial sRNAs were threefold higher among patients who improved with DMARD versus those who did not but did not change significantly after 6 months of treatment.ConclusionPlasma microbial sRNA composition is altered in RA versus control subjects and associated with some measures of RA disease activity. DMARD treatment does not alter microbial sRNA abundance or composition, but increased abundance of microbial sRNAs at baseline was associated with disease activity improvement at 6 months.
| S-EPMC7669585 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The primary structures of the N-linked oligosaccharides from normal human serum IgA1 were determined by a combination of sequential exoglycosidase digestion, Bio-Gel P-4 chromatography, anion-exchange chromatography and one-dimensional n.m.r. spectroscopy. Three major N-linked disialylated biantennary-complex-type structures were found (55%). The remaining N-linked oligosaccharides consisted of at least nine further structures, some of which (7%) were of the triantennary type and included disialylated triantennary oligosaccharides with outer-arm fucose substitution [Fuc alpha 1-3(4)]. Compared with IgG, the N-glycan structures on IgA are more completely processed: the outer arms have a higher proportion of galactose and sialic acid, and only trace levels of incompletely galactosylated oligosaccharides, commonly found on IgG, were detected. Analysis of the sialylated O-glycans revealed that 64% were [NeuAc2 alpha 3(6)]2Gal beta 3GalNAc and 9% were [NeuAc2 alpha 3(6)]-Gal beta 4GlcNAc beta 6[NeuAc2 alpha 3(6)Gal beta 3]GalNAc, and 27% were monosialylated. The N-linked glycosylation of both serum IgA1 and IgG isolated from a group of six normal individuals was compared with that from ten patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In contrast with the hypogalactosylation found in IgG from diseased sera, there was no evidence of an equivalent decrease in the galactosylation of the IgA1 oligosaccharides. In addition, the N-glycosylation of IgA1 was remarkably consistent within the group of normal individuals. These data suggest that incomplete galactosylation of N-linked glycans and its augmentation in RA does not extend to IgA1 and that the RA-associated galactosyltransferase deficiency may be restricted to cells producing gamma-chain.
| S-EPMC1138050 | biostudies-other
Project description:ObjectivesRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disorder characterized by persistent synovitis, ultimately leading to cartilage and bone degeneration. Natural Killer cells and CD28 null T-cells are suspected as role players in RA pathogenesis. These cells are similar in feature and function, as they both exert their cytotoxic effect via Killer Cell Immunoglobulin- Like Receptors (KIR) on their surface. KIR genes have either an inhibitory or activating effect depending on their intracytoplasmic structure. Herein we genotyped 16 KIR genes, 3 pseudo genes and 6 HLA class І genes as their corresponding ligands in RA patients and control subjects.MethodsIn this case-control study, KIR and HLA genes were genotyped in 400 RA patients and 372 matched healthy controls using sequence-specific primers (SSP-PCR). Differences in the frequency of genes and haplotypes were determined by χ² test.ResultsKIR2DL2, 2DL5a, 2DL5b and activating KIR: KIR2DS5 and 3DS1 were all protective against RA. KIR2DL5 removal from a full Inhibitory KIR haplotype converted the mild protection (OR = 0.56) to a powerful predisposition to RA (OR = 16.47). Inhibitory haplotype No. 7 comprising KIR2DL5 in the absence of KIR2DL1 and KIR2DL3 confers a 14-fold protective effect against RA.ConclusionIndividuals carrying the inhibitory KIR haplotype No. 6 have a high potential risk for developing RA.
| S-EPMC4687638 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Site-specific glycosylation analysis is key to investigate structure-function relationships of glycoproteins, e.g. in the context of antigenicity and disease progression. The analysis, though, is quite challenging and time consuming, in particular for O-glycosylated proteins. In consequence, despite their clinical and biopharmaceutical importance, many human blood plasma glycoproteins have not been characterized comprehensively with respect to their O-glycosylation. Here, we report on the site-specific O-glycosylation analysis of human blood plasma glycoproteins. To this end pooled human blood plasma of healthy donors was proteolytically digested using a broad-specific enzyme (Proteinase K), followed by a precipitation step, as well as a glycopeptide enrichment and fractionation step via hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography, the latter being optimized for intact O-glycopeptides carrying short mucin-type core-1 and -2 O-glycans, which represent the vast majority of O-glycans on human blood plasma proteins. Enriched O-glycopeptide fractions were subjected to mass spectrometric analysis using reversed-phase liquid chromatography coupled online to an ion trap mass spectrometer operated in positive-ion mode. Peptide identity and glycan composition were derived from low-energy collision-induced dissociation fragment spectra acquired in multistage mode. To pinpoint the O-glycosylation sites glycopeptides were fragmented using electron transfer dissociation. Spectra were annotated by database searches as well as manually. Overall, 31 O-glycosylation sites and regions belonging to 22 proteins were identified, the majority being acute-phase proteins. Strikingly, also 11 novel O-glycosylation sites and regions were identified. In total 23 O-glycosylation sites could be pinpointed. Interestingly, the use of Proteinase K proved to be particularly beneficial in this context. The identified O-glycan compositions most probably correspond to mono- and disialylated core-1 mucin-type O-glycans (T-antigen). The developed workflow allows the identification and characterization of the major population of the human blood plasma O-glycoproteome and our results provide new insights, which can help to unravel structure-function relationships. The data were deposited to ProteomeXchange PXD003270.
| S-EPMC4739677 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease characterized by synovial inflammation of the joints and extra-articular manifestations. Recent studies have shown that microorganisms affect RA pathogenesis. However, few studies have examined the microbial distribution of early RA patients, particularly female patients. In the present study, we investigated the gut microbiome profile and microbial functions in early RA female patients, including preclinical and clinically apparent RA cases. Changes in microbiological diversity, composition, and function in each group were analyzed using quantitative insights into microbial ecology (QIIME) and phylogenetic investigation of communities by reconstruction of unobserved states (PICRUSt). The results revealed the dysbiosis due to decreased diversity in the early RA patients compared with healthy subjects. There were significant differences in the microbial distribution of various taxa from phylum to genus levels between healthy subjects and early RA patients. Phylum Bacteroidetes was enriched in early RA patients, while Actinobacteria, including the genus Collinsella, was enriched in healthy subjects. Functional analysis based on clusters of orthologous groups revealed that the genes related to the biosynthesis of menaquinone, known to be derived from gram-positive bacteria, were enriched in healthy subjects, while iron transport-related genes were enriched in early RA patients. Genes related to the biosynthesis of lipopolysaccharide, the gram-negative bacterial endotoxin, were enriched in clinically apparent RA patients. The obvious differences in microbial diversity, taxa, and associated functions of the gut microbiota between healthy subjects and early RA patients highlight the involvement of the gut microbiome in the early stages of RA.
| S-EPMC6572219 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Accumulating data implicate the CD4+ T cell subset (Th17 cells) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). IL-17 is an inflammatory cytokine that induces tumor necrosis factor (TNF)?, IL-1? and IL-6, all of which are targets of biologic therapies used to treat RA. RA patients are well documented to experience more infections than age-matched controls, and biologic therapies further increase the risk of infection. The Th17/IL-17 axis is vital for immunity to fungi, especially the commensal fungus Candida albicans. Therefore, we were prompted to examine the relationship between RA and susceptibility to C. albicans because of the increasing interest in Th17 cells and IL-17 in driving autoimmunity, and the advent of new biologics that target this pathway.We analyzed peripheral blood and saliva from 48 RA and 33 healthy control subjects. To assess C. albicans-specific Th17 responses, PBMCs were co-cultured with heat-killed C. albicans extract, and IL-17A levels in conditioned supernatants were measured by ELISA. The frequency of Th17 and Th1 cells was determined by flow cytometry. As a measure of IL-17A-mediated effector responses, we evaluated C. albicans colonization rates in the oral cavity, salivary fungicidal activity and levels of the antimicrobial peptide ?-defensin 2 (BD2) in saliva.Compared to controls, PBMCs from RA subjects exhibited elevated baseline production of IL-17A (P?=?0.004), although they had similar capacity to produce IL-17A in response to Th17 cell differentiating cytokines (P?=?0.91). However RA PBMCs secreted less IL-17A in response to C. albicans antigens (P?=?0.006). Significantly more RA patients were colonized with C. albicans in the oral cavity than healthy subjects (P?=?0.02). Concomitantly, RA saliva had reduced concentrations of salivary BD2 (P?=?0.02). Nonetheless, salivary fungicidal activity was preserved in RA subjects (P?=?0.70).RA subjects exhibit detectable impairments in oral immune responses to C. albicans, a strongly Th17-dependent opportunistic pathogen, despite an overall elevated baseline production of IL-17A.
| S-EPMC3978747 | biostudies-literature