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Developmental regulation of mRNA species for types II, IX and XI collagens during mouse embryogenesis.

ABSTRACT: Several techniques were used to study the co-ordination of mRNA levels for five constituent chains of cartilage collagen fibrils during mouse development. Short cDNA clones were first constructed for mouse and human alpha3(IX) and for mouse proalpha1(XI) collagen mRNA species. Northern analysis of developing mouse embryos revealed that the mRNA species for alpha1, alpha2 and alpha3 chains of type IX collagen peaked earlier than those for proalpha1(II) and proalpha1(XI) collagen chains. Quantification of these mRNA species by slot-blot hybridization confirmed this developmental regulation: the mRNA ratios for type II/type IX/type XI collagens changed from 5.7:1:0.6 (at embryonic day 12.5) to 10.6:1:0.9 (in newborn mice). However, the genes coding for the three chains of type IX collagen seemed to be under more co-ordinated regulation during mouse development. In addition to high mRNA levels in cartilages and the eye, low levels of type IX collagen transcripts were identified in brain and skin of newborn mouse using RNase protection and reverse transcriptase-PCR assays. Finally, hybridization in situ revealed identical tissue distributions of the three type IX collagen mRNA species during early chondrogenesis but somewhat more widespread expression of the alpha1(IX) and alpha3(IX) mRNA species during endochondral ossification at day 16.5 of embryonic development. These results suggest a relatively tight co-ordination of the alpha1(IX), alpha2(IX), and alpha3(IX) collagen mRNA species in chondrocytes, but a lack of co-ordination in several non-cartilaginous tissues.

SUBMITTER: Perala M

PROVIDER: S-EPMC1218418 | biostudies-other | 1997 May

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other

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Project description:BackgroundMouse has served as an excellent model for studying human development and diseases due to its similarity to human. Advances in transgenic and knockout studies in mouse have dramatically strengthened the use of this model and significantly improved our understanding of gene function during development in the past few decades. More recently, global gene expression analyses have revealed novel features in early embryogenesis up to gastrulation stages and have indeed provided molecular evidence supporting the conservation in early development in human and mouse. On the other hand, little information is known about the gene regulatory networks governing the subsequent organogenesis. Importantly, mouse and human development diverges during organogenesis. For instance, the mouse embryo is born around the end of organogenesis while in human the subsequent fetal period of ongoing growth and maturation of most organs spans more than 2/3 of human embryogenesis. While two recent studies reported the gene expression profiles during human organogenesis, no global gene expression analysis had been done for mouse organogenesis.ResultsHere we report a detailed analysis of the global gene expression profiles from egg to the end of organogenesis in mouse. Our studies have revealed distinct temporal regulation patterns for genes belonging to different functional (Gene Ontology or GO) categories that support their roles during organogenesis. More importantly, comparative analyses identify both conserved and divergent gene regulation programs in mouse and human organogenesis, with the latter likely responsible for the developmental divergence between the two species, and further suggest a novel developmental strategy during vertebrate evolution.ConclusionsWe have reported here the first genome-wide gene expression analysis of the entire mouse embryogenesis and compared the transcriptome atlas during mouse and human embryogenesis. Given our earlier observation that genes function in a given process tends to be developmentally co-regulated during organogenesis, our microarray data here should help to identify genes associated with mouse development and/or infer the developmental functions of unknown genes. In addition, our study might be useful for invesgtigating the molecular basis of vertebrate evolution.

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Developmental regulation of mRNA species for types II, IX and XI collagens during mouse embryogenesis.

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