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Carbon dioxide and light regulation of promoters controlling the expression of mitochondrial carbonic anhydrase in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii.

ABSTRACT: Nuclear genes coding for carbonic anhydrase, a major mitochondrial constituent in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii grown under limited CO2, were characterized. Two genes, ca1 and ca2, were found within 7 kb of genomic DNA, organized 'head to head' in a large inverted repeat. The DNA sequences for the two genes were very similar, even in the promoter regions and in introns, indicating that the repeat is a result of a recent duplication. To study gene regulation, elements from the upstream region of ca1 were fused to the arylsulphatase reporter gene. After transformation, the expression of arylsulphatase was regulated similarly to the endogenous ca1/ca2 genes, even when the promoter was trimmed down to 194 nt. Expression could not be detected when 5% CO2 was bubbled into the growth medium, but was induced within hours after transfer to air. The ca1 promoter was not induced in low light, but at intermediate light levels its activity was dependent on the irradiance. O2 concentration had no effect on the promoter activity, indicating that photorespiratory metabolites are not triggering the response. The availability of cells transformed with a CO2-regulated reporter gene should facilitate further studies on the metabolic adaptations that occur in some green algae in response to the external CO2 level.

SUBMITTER: Villand P

PROVIDER: S-EPMC1218762 | biostudies-other | 1997 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other

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Project description:BackgroundCah3 is the only carbonic anhydrase (CA) isoform located in the thylakoid lumen of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Previous studies demonstrated its association with the donor side of the photosystem II (PSII) where it is required for the optimal function of the water oxidizing complex. However this enzyme has also been frequently proposed to perform a critical function in inorganic carbon acquisition and CO(2) fixation and all mutants lacking Cah3 exhibit very poor growth after transfer to low CO(2) conditions.Results/conclusionsIn the present work we demonstrate that after transfer to low CO(2), Cah3 is phosphorylated and that phosphorylation is correlated to changes in its localization and its increase in activity. When C. reinhardtii wild-type cells were acclimated to limiting CO(2) conditions, the Cah3 activity increased about 5-6 fold. Under these conditions, there were no detectable changes in the level of the Cah3 polypeptide. The increase in activity was specifically inhibited in the presence of Staurosporine, a protein kinase inhibitor, suggesting that the Cah3 protein was post-translationally regulated via phosphorylation. Immunoprecipitation and in vitro dephosphorylation experiments confirm this hypothesis. In vivo phosphorylation analysis of thylakoid polypeptides indicates that there was a 3-fold increase in the phosphorylation signal of the Cah3 polypeptide within the first two hours after transfer to low CO(2) conditions. The increase in the phosphorylation signal was correlated with changes in the intracellular localization of the Cah3 protein. Under high CO(2) conditions, the Cah3 protein was only associated with the donor side of PSII in the stroma thylakoids. In contrast, in cells grown at limiting CO(2) the protein was partly concentrated in the thylakoids crossing the pyrenoid, which did not contain PSII and were surrounded by Rubisco molecules.SignificanceThis is the first report of a CA being post-translationally regulated and describing phosphorylation events in the thylakoid lumen.

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Carbon dioxide and light regulation of promoters controlling the expression of mitochondrial carbonic anhydrase in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii.

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