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Restricting mobility of Gsalpha relative to the beta2-adrenoceptor enhances adenylate cyclase activity by reducing Gsalpha GTPase activity.

ABSTRACT: The beta2-adrenoceptor (beta2AR) activates the G-protein Gsalpha to stimulate adenylate cyclase (AC). Fusion of the beta2AR C-terminus to the N-terminus of Gsalpha (producing beta2ARGsalpha) markedly increases the efficiency of receptor/G-protein coupling compared with the non-fused state. This increase in coupling efficiency can be attributed to the physical proximity of receptor and G-protein. To determine the optimal length for the tether between receptor and G-protein we constructed fusion proteins from which 26 [beta2AR(Delta26)Gsalpha] or 70 [beta2AR(Delta70)Gsalpha] residues of the beta2AR C-terminus had been deleted and compared the properties of these fusion proteins with the previously described beta2ARGsalpha. Compared with beta2ARGsalpha, basal and agonist-stimulated GTP hydrolysis was markedly decreased in beta2AR(Delta70)Gsalpha, whereas the effect of the deletion on binding of guanosine 5'-[gamma-thio]triphosphate (GTP[S]) was relatively small. Surprisingly, deletions did not alter the efficiency of coupling of the beta2AR to Gsalpha as assessed by GTP[S]-sensitive high-affinity agonist binding. Moreover, basal and ligand-regulated AC activities in membranes expressing beta2AR(Delta70)Gsalpha and beta2AR(Delta26)Gsalpha were higher than in membranes expressing beta2ARGsalpha. These findings suggest that restricting the mobility of Gsalpha relative to the beta2AR results in a decrease in G-protein inactivation by GTP hydrolysis and thereby enhanced activation of AC.

SUBMITTER: Wenzel-Seifert K

PROVIDER: S-EPMC1219717 | biostudies-other | 1998 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other

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Project description:Stable cell lines, derived from NG108-15 cells and transfected to express both the beta 2-adrenoceptor and adenylate cyclase type II, were produced and examined. The absence of adenylate cyclase type II in the parental cells and its presence in these clones was demonstrated by reverse transcriptase-PCR. Total cellular levels of adenylate cyclase were increased in a number of clones between 3- and 8-fold, as assessed by guanine nucleotide-stimulated specific high-affinity binding of [3H]forskolin to cellular membranes. Basal adenylate cyclase activity was markedly elevated compared with a clone expressing similar levels of the beta 2-adrenoceptor in the absence of adenylate cyclase type II. Each of NaF, forskolin and guanosine 5'-[beta, gamma-imido]triphosphate (a poorly hydrolysed analogue of GTP) produced substantially higher levels of adenylate cyclase activity in membranes of the clones positive for expression of adenylate cyclase type II than was achieved with the parental cells. Both isoprenaline, acting at the introduced beta 2-adrenoceptor, and iloprost, acting at the endogenously expressed IP prostanoid receptor, stimulated adenylate cyclase activity to much higher levels in the clones expressing adenylate cyclase type II compared with the clone lacking this adenylate cyclase; however, the concentration-effect curves for adenylate cyclase stimulation by these two agonists were not different between parental cells and clones over-expressing adenylate cyclase type II. A maximally effective concentration of the beta-adrenoceptor partial agonist ephedrine displayed similar intrinsic activity and potency to stimulate adenylate cyclase in membranes of clones both with and without adenylate cyclase type II. Both secretin and 5'-N-ethylcarbox-amidoadenosine (acting at an endogenous A2 adenosine receptor) were also able to produce substantially greater maximal activations of adenylate cyclase in the clones expressing excess adenylate cyclase type II, without alterations in agonist intrinsic activity or potency. These results demonstrate that the maximal output of the stimulatory arm of the adenylate cyclase cascade can be increased by increasing total levels of adenylate cyclase in the genetic background of NG108-15 cells.

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Restricting mobility of Gsalpha relative to the beta2-adrenoceptor enhances adenylate cyclase activity by reducing Gsalpha GTPase activity.

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