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Cytosolic glucocorticoid receptor interaction with nuclear factor-kappa B proteins in rat liver cells.

ABSTRACT: The glucocorticoid receptor (GR) acts as an anti-inflammatory factor. To a large extent, this activity is exerted by the interference of pro-inflammatory nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappa B) activity. In their respective inactive forms, both GR and NF-kappa B reside in the cytoplasm and translocate to the nucleus on relevant stimulation. Previously, p65, a component of the NF-kappa B complex, and GR have been shown to interact physically in vitro, and the interaction is assumed to take place in the nucleus of cells [McKay and Cidlowski (1999) Endocrine Rev. 20, 435-459]. We have studied the interaction between GR and NF-kappa B using in vivo -like conditions. Using immunoaffinity chromatography or immunoprecipitation, combined with Western blotting, we observed that, with endogenous protein levels in cytosolic extracts of rat liver and of H4-II-E-C3 hepatoma cells and in contrast with the current belief, p65, p50 and inhibitory kappa B alpha complex interact with GR, even in the absence of glucocorticoid or an inflammatory signal. The interaction between non-liganded/non-activated GR and p65/p50 has also been verified by both p65 and p50 co-immunoprecipitations. Intracellular localization studies, using Western blotting, revealed that glucocorticoids can decrease tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha)-induced nuclear entry of p65, whereas glucocorticoid-induced GR translocation was much less affected by TNFalpha. We were also able to demonstrate a nuclear interaction of GR and p65 and p50 using in vivo -like protein concentrations. Furthermore, nuclear GR interaction with heat-shock protein 90 was enhanced distinctly by TNFalpha treatment. In conclusion, our studies suggest a strong interconnectivity between the NF-kappa B and GR-signalling pathways where also, somewhat unexpectedly, a physical interaction in the cytosol constitutes an integral part of GR-NF-kappa B cross-talk.

SUBMITTER: Widen C

PROVIDER: S-EPMC1223476 | biostudies-other | 2003 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other

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Project description:Liver regeneration is regulated by growth factors, cytokines, and other endocrine and metabolic factors. Calcium is important for cell division, but its role in liver regeneration is not known. The purpose of this study was to understand the effects of cytosolic calcium signals in liver growth after partial hepatectomy (PH). The gene encoding the calcium-binding protein parvalbumin (PV) targeted to the cytosol using a nuclear export sequence (NES), and using a discosoma red fluorescent protein (DsR) marker, was transfected into rat livers by injecting it, in recombinant adenovirus (Ad), into the portal vein. We performed two-thirds PH 4 days after Ad-PV-NES-DsR or Ad-DsR injection, and liver regeneration was analyzed. Calcium signals were analyzed with fura-2-acetoxymethyl ester in hepatocytes isolated from Ad-infected rats and in Ad-infected Hela cells. Also, isolated hepatocytes were infected with Ad-DsR or Ad-PV-NES-DsR and assayed for bromodeoxyuridine incorporation. Ad-PV-NES-DsR injection resulted in PV expression in the hepatocyte cytosol. Agonist-induced cytosolic calcium oscillations were attenuated in both PV-NES-expressing Hela cells and hepatocytes, as compared to DsR-expressing cells. Bromodeoxyuridine incorporation (S phase), phosphorylated histone 3 immunostaining (mitosis), and liver mass restoration after PH were all significantly delayed in PV-NES rats. Reduced cyclin expression and retinoblastoma protein phosphorylation confirmed this observation. PV-NES rats exhibited reduced c-fos induction and delayed extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 phosphorylation after PH. Finally, primary PV-NES-expressing hepatocytes exhibited less proliferation and agonist-induced cyclic adenosine monophosphate responsive element binding and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 phosphorylation, as compared with control cells.Cytosolic calcium signals promote liver regeneration by enhancing progression of hepatocytes through the cell cycle.

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Cytosolic glucocorticoid receptor interaction with nuclear factor-kappa B proteins in rat liver cells.

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