Changes in lipid composition of the maturing rat testis.
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Davis JT
PROVIDER: S-EPMC1264837 | biostudies-other | 1966 Jan
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-other
Similar Datasets
Project description:We developed a technique to separate nuclei of rooster testis by centrifugation through a discontinuous sucrose density gradient and by sedimentation at unit gravity. Four different major fractions obtained from testicular nuclei and one from the vas deferens were characterized according to their velocity of sedimentation, morphology and DNA content. The ratios (w/w) of basic proteins, non-histone proteins and RNA to DNA decreased during spermiogenesis both in nuclei and chromatin. Changes in the electrophoretic patterns of histones and non-histone proteins were detected especially in the elongated spermatids. The lack of uptake of [3H]uridine in elongating and elongated spermatids and in spermatozoa was demonstrated by radioautography and by the detection of labelled RNA extracted from different fractions of nuclei. Template activity for RNA synthesis and the binding of actinomycin D by testicular nuclei reached a peak in the elongated spermatid stage, when the histones are replaced by the protamine.
| S-EPMC1164762 | biostudies-other
Project description:Lung immaturity is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in premature infants. Understanding the molecular mechanisms driving normal lung development could provide insights on how to ameliorate disrupted development. While transcriptomic and proteomic analyses of normal lung development have been previously reported, characterization of changes in the lipidome is lacking. Lipids play significant roles in the lung, such as dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine in pulmonary surfactant; however, many of the roles of specific lipid species in normal lung development, as well as in disease states, are not well defined. In this study, we used liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to investigate the murine lipidome during normal postnatal lung development. Lipidomics analysis of lungs from post-natal day 7, day 14 and 6-8 week mice (adult) identified 924 unique lipids across 21 lipid subclasses, with dramatic alterations in the lipidome across developmental stages. Our data confirmed previously recognized aspects of post-natal lung development and revealed several insights, including in sphingolipid-mediated apoptosis, inflammation and energy storage/usage. Complementary proteomics, metabolomics and chemical imaging corroborated these observations. This multi-omic view provides a unique resource and deeper insight into normal pulmonary development.
| S-EPMC5286405 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Lipidomics, proteomics and metabolomics characterization of the ontogeny of lipid, protein and metabolite changes during normal postnatal lung development
2018-10-22 | PXD004651 | Pride
Project description:Sphingolipids accumulate in plasma membrane microdomain sites, such as caveolae or lipid rafts. Such microdomains are considered to be important nexuses for signal transduction, although changes in the microdomain lipid components brought about by signaling are poorly understood. Here, we applied a cationic colloidal silica bead method to analyze plasma membrane lipids from monolayer cells cultured in a 10 cm dish. The detergent-resistant fraction from the silica bead-coated membrane was analyzed by LC-MS/MS to evaluate the microdomain lipids. This method revealed that glycosphingolipids composed the microdomains as a substitute for sphingomyelin (SM) in mouse embryonic fibroblasts (tMEFs) from an SM synthase 1/2 double KO (DKO) mouse. The rate of formation of the detergent-resistant region was unchanged compared with that of WT-tMEFs. C2-ceramide (Cer) stimulation caused greater elevations in diacylglycerol and phosphatidic acid levels than in Cer levels within the microdomains of WT-tMEFs. We also found that lipid changes in the microdomains of SM-deficient DKO-tMEFs caused by serum stimulation occurred in the same manner as that of WT-tMEFs. This practical method for analyzing membrane lipids will facilitate future comprehensive analyses of membrane microdomain-associated responses.
| S-EPMC4514000 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ContextAcromegaly is characterized by growth hormone (GH) and insulinlike growth factor-1 (IGF-1) hypersecretion, and GH and IGF-1 play important roles in regulating body composition and glucose homeostasis.ObjectiveThe purpose of our study was to investigate body composition including ectopic lipids, measures of glucose homeostasis, and gonadal steroids in patients with active acromegaly compared with age-, body mass index (BMI)-, and sex-matched controls and to determine changes in these parameters after biochemical control of acromegaly.DesignCross-sectional study of 20 patients with active acromegaly and 20 healthy matched controls. Prospective study of 16 patients before and after biochemical control of acromegaly.Main outcome measuresBody composition including ectopic lipids by magnetic resonance imaging/proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy; measures of glucose homeostasis by an oral glucose tolerance test; gonadal steroids.ResultsPatients with active acromegaly had lower mean intrahepatic lipid (IHL) and higher mean fasting insulin and insulin area under the curve (AUC) values than controls. Men with acromegaly had lower mean total testosterone, sex hormone-binding globulin, and estradiol values than male controls. After therapy, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, fasting insulin level, and insulin AUC decreased despite an increase in IHL and abdominal and thigh adipose tissues and a decrease in muscle mass.ConclusionsPatients with acromegaly were characterized by insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia but lower IHL compared with age-, BMI-, and sex-matched healthy controls. Biochemical control of acromegaly improved insulin resistance but led to a less favorable anthropometric phenotype with increased IHL and abdominal adiposity and decreased muscle mass.
| S-EPMC6283448 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying the changes observed during aging is a prerequisite to design strategies to prevent age-related diseases. Aging is associated with metabolic changes, including alteration in the brain lipid metabolism. These alterations may contribute to the development of pathophysiological conditions. Modifications in the gut microbiota composition are also observed during aging. As communication axes exist between the gut microbiota and the brain and knowing that microbiota influences the host metabolism, we speculated on whether age-associated modifications in the gut microbiota could be involved in the lipid changes observed in aging brain. For that purpose, germ-free mice were colonized by the fecal microbiota of young or old donor mice. Lipid classes and fatty acid profiles were determined in the brain (cortex), plasma and liver by thin-layer chromatography on silica gel-coated quartz rods and gas chromatography. Gut colonization by microbiota of old mice resulted in a significant increase in total monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and a significant decrease in the relative amounts of cholesterol and total polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in the cortex. Among the eight most represented fatty acids in the cortex, the relative abundances of five (C18:1n-9, C22:6n-3, C20:4n-6, C18:1n-7, and C20:1n-9) were significantly altered in mice inoculated with an aged microbiota. Liquid chromatography analyses revealed that the relative abundance of major species among phosphatidyl and plasmenylcholine (PC 16:0/18:1), phosphatidyl and plasmenylethanolamine (PE 18:0/22:6), lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LPE 22:6) and sphingomyelins (SM d18:1/18:0) were significantly altered in the cortex of mice colonized by the microbiota obtained from aged donors. Transplantation of microbiota from old mice also modified the lipid class and fatty acid content in the liver. Finally, we found that the expression of several genes involved in MUFA and PUFA synthesis (Scd1, Fads1, Fads2, Elovl2, and Elovl5) was dysregulated in mice inoculated with an aged microbiota. In conclusion, our data suggest that changes in gut microbiota that are associated with aging can impact brain and liver lipid metabolisms. Lipid changes induced by an aged microbiota recapitulate some features of aging, thus pointing out the potential role of microbiota alterations in the age-related degradation of the health status.
| S-EPMC6970973 | biostudies-literature
Project description:C. reinhardtii cells exposed to abiotic stresses (e.g. iron-, nitrogen-, zinc- or phosphorus-deficiency) accumulate TAGs which are stored in lipid droplets. Here, we report that iron starvation leads to formation of lipids bodies and accumulation of TAGs. This occurs between 12 and 24 h of iron-starvation. C. reinhardtii cells deprived for iron have more saturated FA, due to the loss of functional FA desaturases, which are diiron enzymes. The abundance of a plastid ACP-acyl desaturase (FAB2) is significantly decreased to the same degree as observed for ferredoxin, which is a substrate of the desaturases. The increase in saturated FA (C16:0 and C18:0) is concomitant with the decrease in saturated FA (C16:4, C18:3 or C18:4). This pattern was observed for MGDG, DGTS or DGDG. When we monitored the absolute levels of glycerolipids, MGDG content dropped significantly after only 2 h of iron-starvation. On the other hand, DGTS and DGDG contents gradually decrease until a minimum is reached after 24-48 h of iron-deprivation. RNA-Seq analysis of iron-starved C. reinhardtii cells revealed significant changes in many transcripts coding for enzymes involved in FA metabolism. The mRNA abundances of genes coding for components involved in TAG accumulation (DGAT or MLDP) are increased. A more dramatic increase at the transcript level has been observed for many lipases, suggesting that a major remodeling of lipid membranes occurs during iron-starvation in C. reinhardtii. Sampling of Chlamydomonas CC-4532 (2137) cells cultivated photoheterotrophically (TAP) under iron-starvation condition (0 uM Fe-EDTA). Samples were collected from biological duplicates after washing in TAP medium lacking Fe at 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 24 and 48 hours.
2014-02-20 | E-GEOD-44611 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:1. Rat intestinal microvillus plasma membranes were prepared from previously isolated brush borders and the lipid composition was analysed. 2. The molar ratio of cholesterol to phospholipid was greatest in the membranes and closely resembled that reported for myelin. 3. Unesterified cholesterol was the major neutral lipid. However, 30% of the neutral lipid fraction was accounted for by glycerides and fatty acid. 4. Five phospholipid components were identified and measured, including phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylserine, sphingomyelin and lysophosphatidylcholine. Though phosphatidylethanolamine was the chief phospholipid, no plasmalogen was detected. 5. In contrast with other plasma membranes in the rat, the polar lipids of the microvillus membrane were rich in glycolipid. The cholesterol:polar lipid (phospholipid+glycolipid) ratio was about 1:3 for the microvillus membrane. Published data suggest that this ratio resembles that of the liver plasma membrane more closely than myelin or the erythrocyte membrane. 6. The fatty acid composition of membrane lipids was altered markedly by a single feeding of safflower oil. Membrane polar lipids did not contain significantly more saturated fatty acids than cellular polar lipids. Differences in the proportion of some fatty acids in membrane and cellular glycerides were noted. These differences may reflect the presence of specific membrane glycerides.
| S-EPMC1186751 | biostudies-other
Project description:PurposeBladder problems clinically present early in life as birth defects that often lead to kidney failure and late in life as overactive bladder, incontinence and related disorders. We investigated the transcriptome of mouse bladder mucosa at juvenile and adult stages by microarray to identify the pathways associated with normal, healthy growth and maturation. We hypothesized that understanding these pathways could be key to achieving bladder regeneration or reawakening normal function in the elderly population.Materials and methodsRNA was isolated from the mucosa at 3, 6, 20 and 30 weeks postnatally. Affymetrix® Mouse 430 v2 arrays were used to profile the expression of approximately 45,000 genes. The software program Statistical Analysis of Microarrays was used to identify genes that significantly changed during the time course.ResultsNo genes were significantly up-regulated during maturation. However, 66 well annotated genes demonstrated a statistically significant downward trend, of which 10 of 10 were confirmed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The main functions affected by age were transcription, regulation of cellular processes, neurogenesis, blood vessel development and cell differentiation. Notable genes included collagens, Mmp2, SPARC and several transcription factors, including Crebbp, Runx1, Klf9, Mef2c, Nrp1, Pex1 and Tcf4. These molecules were indirectly regulated by inferred Tgfb1 and Egf growth factors. Analysis of gene promoter regions for overrepresented upstream transcription factor binding sites identified specificity protein 1 and epidermal growth factor receptor-specific transcription factor as potentially major transcriptional regulators driving maturation related changes.ConclusionsThese findings identify a coherent set of genes that appear to be down-regulated during urothelial maturation. These genes may represent an attractive target for bladder regeneration or for treating age related loss of function.
| S-EPMC3407683 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The synthesis and release of testosterone (T) depends both on circulating luteinizing hormone (LH) and on an array of testicular factors whose role remains incompletely understood. Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) had been reported in the rat testes, where it was thought to inhibit T secretion. However, the discovery that the CRF-related peptides urocortins (Ucns), of which there are currently three subtypes (Ucn 1, 2 and 3), cross-react with many reagents previously used to detect CRF, has cast doubt on this concept. Here we show that while CRF was readily measurable in rat hypothalami (which served as controls), signals for this peptide were barely detectable in total RNA extracted from the testes. On the other hand, microarray, RT-PCR and real-time quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) analyses all indicated strong signals for Ucn 1 in the male gonads, with weaker levels of Ucn 2 and 3 mRNA gene expression. Results obtained for Ucn 1 gene expression were corroborated by immunohistochemical detection, which appeared restricted to Leydig cells. Finally, to investigate possible changes in testicular Ucn 1 levels induced by homeostatic challenges, we measured them in rats exposed to alcohol. We observed that indeed, the intragastric injection of this drug significantly increased testicular Ucn 1, but not Ucn 2, Ucn 3, CRF, CRFR1 or CRFR2 mRNA levels. Collectively, these results provide novel information regarding the presence of CRF-like peptides in the adult male rat testis.
| S-EPMC3043384 | biostudies-literature